ABSTRACT Cultivated meat is an emerging food innovation with the potential to transform food systems, raising important ethical, social, and sustainability considerations. Including consumer perspectives is essential to understand which cultivated meat attributes drive acceptance and satisfaction, highlighting the need to study specific products rather than the category as a whole. This study presents the first exploratory application of the widely validated Kano model to explore consumer classification of seven key cultivated meat products’ attributes, their impact on satisfaction, and potential differences across dietary groups. Two products were examined: a cultivated burger and cultivated foie gras, including a willingness‐to‐try assessment using realistic product images provided by companies. A total of 107 conference attendees representing diverse nationalities and dietary patterns participated. Results indicate that attribute classification differs both within and across products. Price and protein content emerged as attractive attributes for all consumers. Taste parity was valued mainly by meat‐eaters for the more familiar burger, while vegan labeling was considered one‐dimensional by non‐meat‐eaters, especially vegans. No must‐be attributes were identified, suggesting consumer expectations for cultivated meat are not yet fully formed. Attributes such as appearance resemblance, country of origin, and those drawing policy attention, like labeling, were largely perceived as indifferent , though patterns varied across products. These findings underscore the product and consumer‐specific nature of cultivated meat acceptance and the value of incorporating consumer perspectives early in product development. The Kano model proved effective in classifying attributes, providing insights for both theoretical understanding and practical decision‐making in this innovative sector.

ABSTRACT Autooxidation is a significant cause of quality deterioration in food systems, leading to nutrient loss, off‐flavor formation, textural changes, and overall spoilage. Mitigating oxidative reactions can be effectively accomplished by incorporating antioxidants, which suppress or delay radical‐mediated degradation, thus extending product shelf life. This review critically explores the mechanistic basis of food autooxidation, identifies key prooxidant factors, and clarifies the involved reaction pathways. A comprehensive analysis of commonly used antioxidant assays is offered, detailing their methodological strengths and limitations. The effectiveness and suitability of recent developments in antioxidant incorporation techniques, grounded in cutting‐edge scientific literature, are evaluated in relation to actual food matrices. The review also addresses the types of biopolymers with antioxidant activity, their role in active packaging, and the impact of the biopolymer on release rates. The advantages and potential downsides of using antioxidants for human health are evaluated. To highlight recent advancements, a summary and table of research are provided, demonstrating how these films can prolong the shelf life of perishable goods. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities in developing antioxidant‐enriched packaging films are discussed. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive and forward‐looking assessment of antioxidant‐enabled food packaging technologies, highlighting their current strengths, limitations, and potential future research directions.

ABSTRACT In the context of increasingly constrained land resources and growing demands for sustainable agriculture, vertical farming has emerged as an innovative industry that transcends the limitations of traditional agriculture through its multilayered, three‐dimensional cultivation model and controlled growing environment. In the evolution of vertical agriculture, sensor technology has established a comprehensive “feedback optimization loop.” Through continuous data collection and growth condition adjustments, sensors provide ongoing feedback on the effects of these adjustments, creating a closed‐loop control system. By monitoring changes in crop growth indicators, sensors evaluate the efficacy of previous control measures. When optimal growth conditions are not achieved, control strategies are promptly modified to further optimize resource allocation. Controlled irrigation techniques in vertical farming can save approximately 70%–95% of water resources. This feedback mechanism enables vertical agricultural production to make real‐time, precise adjustments based on actual conditions, thereby continuously enhancing resource utilization efficiency, promoting optimal plant growth, and contributing to sustainable development goals. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current applications of sensor technology in vertical agriculture, thoroughly analyzing its significant advantages in improving agricultural production efficiency, ensuring product quality, and advancing ecological agriculture. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced by sensor technology in practical applications, including data compatibility, measurement accuracy, spatial configuration, and maintenance management. In response to these challenges, this article proposes strategic directions to optimize the application of sensor technology in vertical agriculture, supporting its development towards high yield, efficiency, and sustainability, thereby addressing the challenges of food security and sustainable development.

ABSTRACT Inflammatory osteolysis is frequently associated with excessive osteoclast (OC) activation triggered by bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), accompanied by bone destruction and resorption. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is a pivotal cytokine primarily secreted by osteoblasts, bone marrow stromal cells, and activated T lymphocytes. Wogonoside (WG), a flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis , possesses anti‐inflammatory properties; however, its role in inflammatory osteolysis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of WG in RANKL‐ and LPS‐mediated OC differentiation and its effects on a mouse model of inflammatory osteolysis. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorption assays were used to evaluate the impact of WG on OC differentiation and function. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe 2+ , and lipid peroxidation levels during OC differentiation were measured using 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), FerroOrange, and BODIPY 581/591 C11 fluorescent probes, respectively. The effects of WG on OC differentiation‐related genes and downstream proteins and signaling pathways were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. In an LPS‐induced inflammatory osteolysis model, micro‐CT and histological staining (TRAP and HE) were employed to assess bone mass. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect inflammatory cytokines in serum and the expression of antioxidant and inflammatory factors in bone tissue. Mechanistically, WG activated nuclear factor erythroid‐2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream SLC40A1, suppressed ROS‐related iron metabolism dysregulation, and inhibited the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), ultimately attenuating osteoclastogenesis. In vivo, WG ameliorated LPS‐mediated inflammatory osteolysis. Thus, WG may represent a novel candidate drug for the treatment of OC‐related inflammatory osteolytic diseases.

ABSTRACT Fried potatoes are associated with a global rise in metabolic diseases and raise substantial health concerns. However, limited studies have addressed adverse effects of fried potato diets and potential prevention strategies. Here, we aim to uncover detrimental effects of long‐term potato chip consumption on glycolipid metabolism through a 13‐week animal study and evaluate the protective role of fish oil supplementation. Results revealed that potato chip consumption significantly increased body weight, serum and hepatic total cholesterol, blood glucose, and insulin resistance, alongside liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue damage, which was obviously ameliorated by fish oil intervention. Transcriptional analysis revealed that fish oil supplementation mitigated inflammation, gluconeogenesis, and lipid synthesis. Moreover, metagenomics and metabolomics uncovered that fish oil treatment improved gut health by evaluating the abundances of probiotics Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Lactobacillus johnsonii and raising hepatic docosahexaenoic acid, while reducing hypoxanthine and xanthine. The beneficial effect could be evidenced by showing negative correlations between the abundances of Lactobacillus reuteri and L. johnsonii and hepatic levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine, whereas these bacterial species demonstrated positive correlations with unsaturated fatty acid concentrations. These associations are attributed to the modulative role of fish oil supplementation in the functions of key enzymes, including l ‐lactate dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.1.27) and acetate kinase (EC:2.7.2.1), involved in gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis through the gut microbiota. In conclusion, these findings highlight the gut–liver axis as a promising target for restoring glycolipid homeostasis and underscore the beneficial role of fish oil use in alleviating unhealthy diet‐induced metabolic disorders.

ABSTRACT The accurate estimation of caloric density in food products is a critical component of nutritional science and dietary management, yet experimental determination remains resource intensive. The research develops a robust computational framework for predicting caloric energy based on standard nutritional composition variables using advanced machine learning techniques. To achieve this, a dataset comprising 410 food items with seven predictors, including protein, fat, carbohydrates, sugar, dietary fiber, sodium, and potassium, was utilized to train a Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT) model. The study evaluated the efficacy of four exceptional hyperparameter optimization algorithms: BBO, BPI, GPO, and evolutionary strategies (ES). Performance was rigorously assessed using 5‐fold cross‐validation and statistical metrics including R 2 , MSE, and AARE%. The results demonstrated that the GBDT‐ES configuration achieved the best performance with a test R 2 of 0.982950 and an AARE% of 3.661596%, whereas GBDT‐GPO offered a competitive balance of accuracy and computational efficiency with the lowest runtime. Furthermore, SHAP analysis revealed that carbohydrates and fats were the primary drivers of caloric estimation, ensuring the model aligned with biological energy densities. In conclusion, the integration of evolutionary optimization with gradient boosting provides a highly precise and scientifically interpretable tool for nutritional analysis, offering a viable alternative to traditional laboratory calorimetry.

ABSTRACT Hypertension, often referred to as a silent killer, is responsible for 7.5 million deaths, representing approximately 12.8% of all global mortality. This study aimed to (1) catalogue traditional uses of edible seeds for hypertension as recorded in ethnopharmacological surveys, (2) elucidate the antihypertensive attributes of these seeds based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, and (3) assess the mechanisms of action of primary bioactive compounds derived from these seeds. Data were sourced from online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, resulting in 155 reviewed studies, 47 of which were ethnopharmacological surveys. Data extracted from the studies included the species names of edible seeds, family names, year, countries where the study was conducted, study design, model used, extract, method of preparation, solvent used, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), pulse pressure (PP), and heart rate (HR). Predominant seeds included Nigella sativa L. (black seed), Peganum harmala L. (harmala), Persea americana Mill. (avocado seed), Linum usitassimum L. (flaxseed), and Moringa oleifera Lam. (drumstick seed). The protein extract of Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) demonstrated the most potent inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) with IC 50 values ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 mg/mL, whereas Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity at 91.8%. Notably, N. sativa was observed to be especially effective in lowering both diastolic and SBP. This review highlights the potential antihypertensive benefits of traditionally employed edible seeds, presenting new perspectives and avenues for future research.

ABSTRACT Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an inflammatory liver disorder caused by factors such as chronic excessive alcohol consumption, toxicity of ethanol metabolites, oxidative stress damage, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide (CMP) exhibits antioxidant effects and can modulate gut microbiota, but its role in ALD remains incompletely understood. This study demonstrates that oral administration of CMP to mice alleviate weight loss induced by alcohol consumption, reduce hepatic lipid accumulation, enhance the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) in both serum and liver tissues, and significantly increase glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that CMP improved the microbiological community composition, increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota at the phylum level. At the genus level, CMP increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae and decreased that of Dubosiella and Alloprevotella . Interestingly, the abundances of Lactobacillus , Akkermansia , and Muribaculaceae , all of which are associated with ALD and possess antioxidant properties, were significantly enriched in CMP‐treated mice. These results indicate that CMP has potential as a functional supplement for protecting against alcohol‐induced liver injury, offering new strategies for its prevention.

ABSTRACT Dietary fiber is a bioactive substance that can modulate gut microbiota and exert a relieving effect on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) is a type of bioactive dietary fiber that has been proven to have various biological activities on intestinal function. However, the key mechanism underlying DOP‐mediated protection against colitis is unclear. In this study, we proved that DOP alleviates colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and its beneficial effects depend on the gut microbiota. Specifically, DOP supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Clostridium and Ruminococcus in mice, leading to the upregulated secondary bile acid synthesis pathway and increased deoxycholic acid (DCA) production. Notably, DCA administration alleviated colitis manifestations in DSS‐treated mice. Collectively, these results indicate that DOP exerts its mechanism of improving colitis by modulating gut microbiota and promoting the synthesis of DCA.