The study aims to understand impact of hybrid work culture on productivity of IT organization employees. Employee productivity depends on various key factors while working in hybrid work system. Most of the organization start implementing hybrid work model after COVID- Hybrid work system which is combination of remote and on-site work become the integral part of IT organization. Hybrid work model enhances the flexibility and performance of employee. This research study investigates that various factors like work-life balance, flexibility, technological infrastructure, leadership support, communication and organization policies influence productivity of employee. A structured questionnaire was shared to IT employees across various organizations in Maharashtra. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and percentage analysis. The result of analysis says that flexibility in work arrangement, supportive leadership and robust technological infrastructure play very important role in the improvement of productivity and satisfaction of employee. However, some challenges are observed while working in Hybrid Work System such as communication barriers, inconsistent hybrid wok policies etc. The study concludes that a well-structured hybrid work model improves the productivity of employee. The finding provides valuable insights for management professionals in implementing hybrid work system that align with both organizational goals and employee well-being.

Background: Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation plays a pivotal role in clinical decision-making, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where timely and accurate results are essential for managing critically ill patients. Traditional laboratory methods are considered the gold standard for haemoglobin measurement due to their high accuracy but they often involve delays caused by sample transport and processing. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analyzers, which are widely used at the bedside for evaluating oxygenation and acid–base balance, nowadays real-time haemoglobin estimation through co-oximetry technology. However, concerns regarding the accuracy and clinical reliability of these bedside haemoglobin readings persist. Aim: This study aimed to compare haemoglobin levels measured by ABG analyzers with those obtained from conventional laboratory hematology auto analyzers, to evaluate the accuracy, correlation, and agreement of ICU settings in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 50 adult patients admitted to the ICU of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For each patient, simultaneous blood samples were collected and analyzed for haemoglobin concentration using both the ABG analyzer (Radiometer ABL800 FLEX) and the department of laboratory medicine in hematology auto analyzer (Sysmex XN-Series). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Paired t-tests, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 to assess the level of agreement and clinical acceptability between the two methods. Results: The mean haemoglobin level obtained via ABG analysis was 13.12 ± 0.63 g/dL, while the laboratory method yielded a mean of 13.23 ± 0.66 g/dL. The difference between the two means (-0.11 g/dL) was statistically non-significant (p = 0.09). The Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.986, indicating a very strong positive correlation. In 84% of cases, the difference in haemoglobin values between the two methods was within ±0.5 g/dL, suggesting a high level of clinical agreement. No significant discrepancies were noted across demographic subgroups such as sex or age. Bland-Altman analysis confirmed strong agreement, with most differences lying within the 95% confidence limits. Conclusion: The findings suggest that ABG analyzers provide haemoglobin measurements closely aligned with those of conventional laboratory methods, supporting their use for rapid, point-of-care decision-making in ICU settings. Despite minor discrepancies in a small subset of patients, the overall agreement supports the clinical utility of ABG-derived haemoglobin values, particularly in time-sensitive scenarios. However, laboratory confirmation is recommended when precise haemoglobin estimation is critical, such as in transfusion decisions.

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder whereby endometrial-like tissue is found outside the uterus, which is often accompanied by chronic pelvic pain (CPP). It is linked to inflammation, fibrosis, and adhesion and these factors add to pain and poor quality of life. The pathophysiology, early diagnosis and relevant treatment strategies of CPP are essential in enhancing patient outcomes and minimizing long-term morbidity related to CPP. Objective: The proposed study will discuss the pathophysiology of endometriosis, consider diagnostic modalities, and determine treatment modalities to reduce chronic pelvic pain and enhance quality of life in patients with endometriosis. Study design: A prospective study. Place and duration of study: Department Of Gynae-Obs Frontier Corps Teaching Hospital Peshawar. From Jan 2024 To june 2024 Methods: Among the 100 women presenting with chronic pelvic pain (18-45 years of age), a prospective study was carried out. The diagnostic analysis involved laparoscopy, histopathological confirmation, MRI and pelvic ultrasound. The severity of pain was measured on a visual analog scale. Medical therapy (hormonal suppression) and surgical removal of endometriosis lesions were used as treatment methods. The patients were monitored six months after treatment to determine whether they had improved their pain scores and the general improvement of symptoms. The statistical analysis was done in order to find out significance. Results: 100 patients have been included and their average age is 32.5 +- 5.8 years. In 95 patients (79.2) endometriosis was confirmed laparoscopic ally. The level of pain was significantly lower after treatment as mean VAS scores before treatment (7.8 +- 1.2) were lower, compared to mean VAS scores after treatment (3.4 +- 1.5) (p < 0.001). The reduction in pain, which was done surgically, was greater than that caused by medical therapy alone (mean reduction 5.1 +- 1.3 vs. 3.8 +- 1.4, p = 0.02). There were no reported major complications and the quality of life as reported by patients had improved significantly after intervention. Conclusion: Endometriosis is one of the leading causes of chronic pelvic pain in reproductively aged women. Pain and quality of life are effectively alleviated through correct diagnosis with imaging and laparoscopy, and specific medical and surgical treatment. It is crucial to identify the issue at the earliest stage and manage it fully to avoid progression, reduce complications, and maximize long-term outcomes of affected patients. Multidisciplinary strategies also help to increase the success of treatment.

Introduction: Neonatal renal function is a critical determinant of early health outcomes, especially in preterm neonates whose nephrogenesis may be incomplete at birth. Acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet remains underdiagnosed, particularly in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of renal function status in term versus preterm neonates to evaluate implications for clinical care. Methods: This hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh over a period of six months, from May to November 2024. Fifty neonates (25 term ≥37 weeks and 25 preterm <37 weeks) were enrolled consecutively. Serum creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were measured at 24 hours and 7 days of life. AKI was defined according to modified neonatal KDIGO criteria. Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the 50 neonates studied, preterm neonates had significantly lower birth weights (1.78±0.35 kg) than term neonates (2.77±0.41 kg; p<0.001). Cesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery overall (80.0%), more common in preterms (88.0%) than terms (72.0%; p=0.028) Cesarean delivery was the predominant mode overall (80.0%), being more common in preterm (88.0%) than term neonates (72.0%; p=0.028). Male neonates predominated in both groups, though not statistically significant. Preterm neonates had higher serum creatinine at 24 hours (0.82±0.31 vs. 0.68±0.24 mg/dL; p=0.041) and 7 days (0.71±0.28 vs. 0.52±0.19 mg/dL; p=0.003). Blood urea at 7 days was also elevated in preterms (31.2±14.7 vs. 22.8±9.4 mg/dL; p=0.014). Reduced urine output was more common in preterms at 24 hours (40.0% vs. 12.0%; p=0.008) and 7 days (24.0% vs. 4.0%; p=0.023). AKI prevalence was significantly higher in preterms (48.0%) than in term neonates (16.0%; p=0.013). Preterm birth was an independent predictor of AKI (adjusted OR=4.12; p=0.038). Conclusion: Preterm neonates demonstrated significantly higher rates of AKI and impaired renal function compared to term neonates, underscoring the need for routine renal function monitoring and early intervention in this high-risk population.

Wild yam, or Dioscorea villosa, is a medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. It is very rich in phytochemicals. Poor solubility and stability of its active substances often restrict their bioavailability and effectiveness, despite its enormous therapeutic potential. Using green chemistry to create gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), this study aims to improve Dioscorea villosa's biological characteristics. The research makes use of the plant extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent, allowing for a sustainable, economical, and environmentally responsible way to synthesize nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were among the sophisticated analytical tools used to examine the produced gold nanoparticles. All of the desired structural properties and a consistent size distribution in the synthesized stable spherical AuNPs were validated by these tests. A robust interaction between the phytochemicals in Dioscorea villosa and the gold nanoparticles was suggested by the identification of the functional groups important for nanoparticle stability. To determine if the synthesized AuNPs had improved bioactivity, biological tests were performed. By comparing it to the unprocessed plant extract, the antioxidant capability was shown to be much higher, as demonstrated by tests like DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS. Antimicrobial studies, such as zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, showed that the Dioscorea villosa-mediated AuNPs had a wide range of antimicrobial activities against different types of bacteria and fungi. Cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7 for breast cancer and HeLa for cervical cancer, showed selective cytotoxicity with little toxicity to normal cells in cytotoxicity experiments. The results indicate that Dioscorea villosa's biological characteristics, such as stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness, are improved when it is conjugated with gold nanoparticles. Future research into the treatment of infectious illnesses, disorders linked to oxidative stress, and cancer might benefit from the study's emphasis on the potential of green-synthesized AuNPs in drug delivery systems and nanomedicine applications. Nanocomposites derived from Dioscorea villosa have the potential to be powerful agents in contemporary treatments, and this study adds to what is already known about plant-mediated nanoparticle production.

The many pharmacological benefits of the medicinal plant Panax ginseng include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory capabilities, all of which have been extensively studied and documented. It has medicinal promise, however issues including fast metabolism, low stability, and poor absorption may reduce the bioavailability and effectiveness of its bioactive components. Strategies to improve the bioactivity and stability of chemicals generated from plants have been suggested by recent advances in nanotechnology, especially via the use of metal-based nanoparticles. Biomedical researchers have found zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) to be an invaluable resource because of their unusual physicochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity. In order to discover how the synergistic improvement of Panax ginseng's therapeutic potential is achieved, this research will examine its biological characteristics when produced with zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs). To create ZnNPs, a green synthesis method was used, with extract from P. ginseng serving as a stabilizing and reducing agent. To find out how big, shaped, and what kind of surface properties the synthesized nanoparticles had, scientists used a battery of analytical tools, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Panax ginseng-ZnNPs composite's antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic capabilities were the main foci of the biological examination. Three different tests were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging, and ABTS radical cation decolorization. The findings showed that P. ginseng extracts treated with ZnNPs had much higher free radical scavenging activity than the untreated extract, indicating that the treated extract was better at reducing oxidative stress. Using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, the antimicrobial activity were assessed against a range of bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of ZnNPs enhanced the antibacterial activity of the P. ginseng extract, as shown by the enhanced antimicrobial properties. In order to determine biocompatibility, cytotoxicity tests were conducted using MTT assays on normal cell lines and human cancer cell lines, including HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). The findings showed that P. ginseng-ZnNPs composites had minimal toxicity on normal cells and selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, suggesting that they might be used in targeted cancer treatment. Finally, the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of Panax ginseng are amplified when zinc nanoparticles are combined with it. The findings of this research highlight the possibility of using nanotechnology to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of herbal remedies. These results have important implications for the future of medicine, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, and they open the door to new avenues of investigation into the design of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for natural chemicals.

Background: The vast majority of kidney cancers are RCC and many people die from RCC because it is rarely found in its early stage. Early detection is vital for helping patients, but today’s tests aren’t always accurate or thorough. Efforts in recent years have emphasized finding new biomarkers to recognize and diagnose RCC ahead of time. Objectives: To assess both the accuracy and clinical use of novel markers to detect RCC early and help improve a patient’s outlook. Study design: A prospective study. Place and duration of study: Department of Urology Niazi Medical College Sargodha from jan 2021 to jan 2022 Methods: Ninety participants had recently been diagnosed with RCC and the rest, 90 healthy individuals, were recruited for the study. Blood and urine were taken for analysis of DNA methylation, LncRNAs and RNA carried by extracellular vesicles. The RT-qPCR assay and NGS were both used to uncover biomarkers. Using SPSS, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and p-values. Results: 100 people with RCC, whose average age was 58.3 ± 10.5 years. Biomarker analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 85% for early finding of RCC. We found that the p-value from their comparison was below 0.05, suggesting that these biomarkers are statistically significant in diagnosing RCC. Conclusion: New biomarkers such as DNA methylation and circulating RNAs, may help doctors find RCC earlier. With their high sensitivity and specificity, markers facilitate the creation of less invasive tests that help patients get better results.

Background: primary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia affect numerous teenage girls at high rates which causes major health complications across their physical body along with their emotional state and their ability to interact with others. These medical conditions produce interruptions in educational engagement along with production ineffectiveness and deteriorated life quality. The correct early detection combined with suitable treatment protocols serves to decrease their effects on adolescent health. Objectives: to examining diagnostic processes as well as prevalence rates together with treatment success rates for adolescent girls who have primary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. This study evaluates the relationship between these illnesses together with their effects on behavioral activities and total wellness. Study Design: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Place and Duration of Study. Department of Gynae Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan from jan 2022 to july 2022 Methods: we analysis the data from six months within At Department of Gynae Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan from jan 2022 to july 2022 during this retrospective cohort study. The Study protocol examined adolescent females who received diagnoses of primary dysmenorrhea or menorrhagia and included symptom details as well as diagnostic and treatment administration aspects. Medical professionals checked on patients to determine if their treatments succeeded at reducing symptoms. Results: 150 adolescent females participated in the Study whose average age came to 15.2 ± 1.8 years. A high proportion (65%) of patients suffered from primary dysmenorrhea but menorrhagia affected 35% of the participants. Medical engagement for dysmenorrhea exceeded 8.4 days and brought notable symptom reduction (p = 0.02). Menorrhagia patients achieved a 70% reduction in menstrual bleeding because of their treatment which led to substantial improvements in their quality of life (p = 0.01). Conclusion: primary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia lead to major health effects among adolescent individuals. Proper treatment combined with early diagnosis results in major improvements of symptoms alongside quality of life which underscores the necessity of appropriate clinical practice management methods.

This study investigates the relationship between criminal propensity and various motivations for committing larceny among adult male prisoners in India. Focusing on motivations such as compliance, excitement, provocation, and financial gain, this research aims to explain how these factors correlate with the likelihood of engaging in criminal behavior. Utilizing an exploratory research design, a sample of 135 adult male prisoners, convicted under IPC sections 378 and 379 for larceny offenses, was selected from diverse jails across India. Participants were chosen based on power analysis to ensure strong findings, and data collection was conducted within the prison to maintain a controlled environment. Two primary instruments were employed: the Offending Motivation Questionnaire and the Criminal Propensity Scale. The results reveal significant correlations between higher levels of criminal propensity and motivations for larceny, including compliance, excitement, provocation, and financial. It also highlights that individuals with high criminal propensity often show behaviors ranging from thrill-seeking to confrontational tendencies, aligning with existing literature that suggests sensation-seeking traits predict risky behaviors. Notably, compliance does not eliminate criminal tendencies; individuals may comply due to external pressures rather than genuine respect for the law. Furthermore, intercorrelations among offense motivations suggest that these traits are interconnected rather than isolated. This complexity implies that interventions focused solely on enhancing compliance may be inadequate; addressing multiple motivational factors is essential.

The Chinese public's view of MNCs has changed dramatically since the late 1970s, when the country's economy began to welcome foreign direct investment (FDI) and global companies like 3M, Coca-Cola, and Volkswagen started looking into the Chinese market. The nation was quite welcoming to new MNCs like NEC, Philips, and Motorola in the 1980s. Aside from being free from paying customs on capital items they imported, they also paid half the corporation tax rate that local firms were required to pay. They were highly esteemed by both the government and the general public. Even in the 1990s, when more and more Chinese learnt about MNCs, foreign enterprises remained the objects of wonder and adoration in the country. Customers in China tended to favour goods and services offered by multinational corporations (MNCs) at that time. Verifying that the actions of MNCs do not conflict with national interests has recently received a great deal of attention. Additionally, foreign companies are increasingly receiving local treatment. The fact that both domestic and international corporations would have to pay the same rate of corporate taxes as of January 1, 2008, lends credence to this assertion. There has been a recent trend towards holding multinational corporations to the same or higher standards as their local rivals in several sectors, such as employment and environmental protection. The fact that those criteria are being implemented with somewhat greater rigour than before is another development they are discovering.