Previous research studies confirmed that resveratrol (RES) and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyric acid (HMB) regulated the glucolipid metabolism. However, the mechanism underlying of RES and HMB on subcutaneous fat remains unclear in ruminant. This study investigated the effects of dietary RES and HMB supplementation on immune, oxidative, and morphological changes in subcutaneous fat of Tibetan sheep using transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. One hundred and twenty male Tibetan lambs of similar initial weight (15.5±0.14kg) were randomly divided into four groups of 30 lambs each: 1) H group (basal diet without RES or HMB); 2) H-RES group (1.5g/day RES); 3) H-HMB group (1250mg/day HMB); and 4) H-RES-HMB group (1.5g/day RES and 1250mg/day HMB). The study included a pre-test period of 10days and a formal experimental period of 90days. The results showed that, the supplementation of RES and HMB in combination reduced the backfat thickness and adipocyte diameter (P<0.05). Notably, dietary RES and HMB significantly influenced the composition of fatty acid in subcutaneous fat, including increased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), such as C16:1N7, C18:1N9, C20:1N9, C22:1N9, C24:1 N9, C24:1N, and decreased saturated fatty acid (SFA), such as C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C24:0. The H-RES-HMB group enriched in the lipid-related signaling pathways, including "linoleic acid", "arachidonic acid", "tyrosine" and "retinol". The transcriptome and metabolome indicated ten key genes including PLA2G5, PLA2G2D, PTGES, TBXAS1, ALOX5, MAOA, TYR, UGT1A4, RDH5, and DHRS9) and five metabolites including PC(33:4), LPC(22:0), LPC(15:0), LPC(16:1), PC(42:8) were identified as key biomarkers. In conclusion, dietary RES and HMB supplementation regulated the lipid metabolism by modulating gene transcription and metabolism in Tibetan sheep.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a global staple crop, is crucial to food security, particularly in Asia. The Taihu Lake Basin, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, is a secondary origin center for rice, with a cultivation history dating back over 8000years. However, the genetic diversity of traditional rice landraces in this region faces significant threats due to the widespread adoption of high-yielding cultivars. This study aimed to characterize the genetic structure of rice landraces from the Taihu Lake Basin, develop KASP markers for precise identification, and establish a core germplasm collection, using high-throughput resequencing technologies. A total of 114 rice landrace accessions from the Taihu Lake Basin were sampled and analyzed. Population genetic structure analysis revealed seven distinct genetic groups. Utilizing this dataset, a set of 27 kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed, enabling accurate genotyping and efficient landrace identification. Furthermore, a core germplasm collection was established, representing 99% of the genetic diversity of the original collection. Overall, this study provides a valuable resource for the conservation and sustainable utilization of rice landraces in the Taihu Lake Basin, supporting future rice breeding programs and ensuring the preservation of genetic resources crucial for crop improvement.