Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Оффициальный сайт сборника научных трудов "Геотехническая механика", ИГТМ НАН Украины Official site Collected Scientific Papers “Geo-Technical Mechanics” (the Journal) is issued by the M.S. Polyakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics under the National Academy of Science of Ukraine.

Explosive destruction of rocks depends on their composition, the nature of mineral grain distribution, microcrack concentration and orientation, presence of gaseous and liquid phases. Surfactants are used to increase the efficiency of rock destruction by means of dynamic and explosive loads. The increase in destruction efficiency is achieved by adsorption reduction of the solid's surface energy, which leads to the formation of microcracks and a decrease in rock strength. Rock saturation with surfactant solutions is determined by the degree of solution acidity, rock porosity, content of liquid and gaseous components, and stress state. It is well known that surfactant solutions can lead to a 20–50% reduction in rock strength and the concentration of suspended dust particles. The decrease in strength occurs when the enthalpy of chemical reactions of a solid with an active substance is several tens of kilojoules per mole. The paper presents a method of experimental modelling of explosive rock destruction taking into account the influence of surfactants. It was found that the microcracking of granites is characterised by a high density of internal structure defects in the form of microcracks in quartz grains. In particular, the finely dispersed destruction products of pegmatoid granite samples, which are not treated with surfactants, mainly consist of elongated acute-angled fragments of quartz and feldspars (microcline and albite). As a result of studying the products of destruction by explosion of granite and ferruginous quartzite samples treated with a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate and 10% solution of sodium bicarbonate, it was found that quartz prevails in the composition of finely dispersed solid particles, which has a more rounded shape compared to quartz particles for dry samples. That is, sharp-angled fragments are practically not observed in the destruction products. It has been established that explosive destruction of granite and ferruginous quartzite samples treated with a sodium carbonate solution results in a significant increase in the average size of fine particles, as well as their median and quartile sizes. It has been established that the nature of the destruction of uranium and iron ores can be changed by treating them with surfactants. In addition, the formation of fine particles in the destruction products can be reduced by using explosive charges with different cross-sectional shapes. Keywords: rock, surfactant, explosive destruction, microcracks, fine particles, particle size distribution.

There are no methods for assessing all parameters of methane explosion when it is in the process, so there is a high risk of untimely undertaking of measures to prevent and eliminate the explosion. In addition, the sensors for measuring parameters of the mine atmosphere included in the existing control systems do not control the lower limit of the explosive concentration of methane. The purpose and tasks of the research are formulated. The methods by which these problems will be solved are determined. The concept of direct and indirect emergency risk factors is formulated. Namely: the direct factors of the risk of a methane explosion are the probability of an emergency occurrence and the material damage caused by it. Indirect factors are characteristics of the emergency that can be predicted or calculated during its development. Direct factors for calculating the risk of an event are not suitable for assessing the risk of an explosion, as they cannot be determined in advance. Standard methods of risk assessment are not always sufficiently justified (it is difficult to explain to the average user the difference in the probability of danger of 10-6 and 10-5 - both are simply small), while methane accumulation, erroneous actions of the operator, etc. will be much clearer. That is, the use of indirect risk factors is more justified. The requirements are formulated to which ventilation regime must satisfy during the elimination of an exogenous fire, which is dangerous due to the complication of a methane explosion. A technique for optimizing the emergency ventilation mode suitable for use in these conditions is presented, and some aspects of its use are discussed. Having formulated the problem in a precise mathematical formulation, that is, having chosen a functional for minimization and having described the requirements for their solution in the form of constraints, it is possible to obtain, using a personal computer, the values of air-gas distribution during the period of explosion elimination, which satisfy the requirements of the Safety Rules in coal mines, which in the same time feasible with the main ventilation fans existing in the mine. However, it is not always possible to get a solution. For the final solution of the problem, it is necessary to involve other methods and means of ventilation control (ventilation doors, local ventilation fans, etc.).