Shrimp farming has been associated with eutrophication due to the generation of effluents enriched with organic matter and nutrients. Phosphorus (P) distribution was investigated in the Coreaú River Estuary (NE Brazil) using surface sediments and sediment cores. In surface sediments, total P concentrations ranged from 349.2 to 633.5 μg g-1 (mean = 465.2) and were about three times lower than those of other Brazilian estuaries impacted by larger shrimp cultures. The predominance of P forms in surface sediments followed the sequence: iron-bound P (Fe-P, 30%) > organic-P (Org-P, 23%) > exchangeable-P (Exch-P, 20%) > authigenic apatite (Ca-P, 15%) > detrital apatite (De-P, 12%). No significant correlation was observed between Exch-P and Fe-P (r = 0.389; p < 0.05). Highest Exch-P and Org-P concentrations and a strong correlation between these forms were found (r = 0.706, p < 0.05), suggesting the same sources of P and organic matter. Total P accumulation along the cores was 10,211 and 15,632 μg g-1 at the estuary mouth (T1) and the upper estuary (T2), respectively. T1 exhibited the predominant sequence: De-P (36%) > Ca-P (25%) > Fe-P (22%) > Exch-P (9%) > Org-P (7%); whereas T2 showed: Fe-P (31%) > De-P (23%) > Org-P (21%) > Ca-P (17%) > Exch-P (9%). Phosphorus depositional history points to P accumulation episodes at the end of the 1980 and mid-1990, coinciding with increasing urbanization and the beginning or maximum activity of the shrimp farms. Despite the low total P concentrations, the proportions of the labile forms Exch-P, Fe-P and Org-P in surface sediments indicated a trend to a high potential for eutrophication.

The geochemical analysis was carried out in the center-south portion of the state of Bahia, in the semi-arid region of Bahia, where outcrop the Paramirim Complex, Boquira Unit, Boquira Granite, Veredinha Granite, Serra do Espinhaço, detritus coverings and alluvial deposits. The Boquira Unit is known for lead-zinc mineralization. In this unit operated the Boquira mine, considered the largest lead and zinc mine in Brazil, until it was suddenly abandoned, leaving significant environmental liabilities of toxic metals such as lead, zinc, silver, barium, copper, chromium and nickel. To characterize the groundwater 16 physical-chemical parameters from 24 wells were used, obtained from the Water and Sanitation Engineering Company of Bahia - CERB. Its classification was made in the Piper Diagram and the ionic relations in meq/L. To evaluate the quality of the water we used the Consolidation Ordinance no 5/2017 of the Ministry of Health and World Health Organization. With the PHREEQC 3.5 hydrochemical model, the saturation index of the analyzed elements was calculated. The results showed predominance of calcium chloride waters (71% of the samples), with ionic relations of type rCa2+> rMg2+>rNa+ and rCl->rHCO3->rSO42+. Geochemical modeling indicated calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and quartz (SiO2) as the main minerals with a tendency to precipitation. The first two were associated with the dissolution of the Boquira Unit carbonates and the third one with the quartzites of the Serra do Espinhaço Formation. The concentrations of calcium and chloride showed 54% and 25% of the samples above the Maximum Allowable Value for human consumption, respectively, representing a risk factor to the health of the population in the area.

Given a panorama of few studies that paralleled the perceptions of people affected by the Fundao dam rupture in Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the concentrations of heavy metals present in the affected areas along the Doce River, this study aimed to identify this relationship. The methods used were semi-structured interviews with affected people and collection of water and sediment samples from the river along the Rio Doce basin to measure the concentration of heavy metals.The sediment was processed according to EPA 3051-16 (Environmental Protection Agency) method. Heavy metals in the water and sediment were analyzed with ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry) and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) at IGC / UFMG (Institute of Geosciences / Federal University of Minas Gerais) and COPASA (Minas Gerais Sanitation Company). Water samples showed excessive concentrations for Al (aluminum), Fe (iron) and Mn (manganese) in a Class II river according to CONAMA (National Environmental Council, 2009). Sediment samples contained Zn (zinc), Cr (chrome), Cu (copper) and Pb (lead) reversibly connected above the quality reference value according to CETESB (Sao Paulo State Environmental Company, 2005). The interviews were analyzed by the Content Analysis method and pointed to the misinformation of those affected in relation to the heavy metals in the Doce River. The study showed that the mud contributed to the contamination of heavy metals in the affected rivers, mainly by relocation and release of contaminants already existing in sediments. Affected persons should be informed about heavy metal contamination in rivers and soils and about the change in heavy metal concentration over the years

Agricultural reuse of the produced water is an efficient means for water resource management. However it is a potentially impacting activity to soil and groundwater, and thus requires environmental monitoring throughout the process. From this perspective, the present work aims at the monitoring of groundwater quality of karstic aquifer, located in the northeast of Brazil, where an irrigation experiment was carried out using PW of the Fazenda Belém oil field, in Ceará State, Brazil. Twelve monitoring wells were evaluated through a four-stage sampling program: the first before the installation of the irrigation experiment (CHA) and the other three, respectively, during (MO1), immediately at the end (MO2) and after the experiment (MO3). The climatic effect was also considered in the evaluation, since sampling events occurred in distinct seasonal periods: the first and the last at the end of the dry season and the second and third at the end of the wet season. Investigations were performed considering two groups of wells: upstream wells and downstream wells in relation to groundwater flow in the experimental area. For Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, total hardness, HCO3-, F-, As, B, Li and P, there was a tendency of increasing concentrations in the Monitoring sampling, in relation to CHA. However, since this scenario was verified in both sets of wells (upstream and downstream), its causes are probably related to natural factors. It was also observed that highest concentrations occur predominantly in the MO1 and MO2 sampling stages, that is, under the influence of the wet season, when water recharges promote dissolution of carbonate constituents present in the aquifer, thus increasing its dissolved concentration. Organic substances analyzed in groundwater were not detected or were detected at very low and dispersed concentrations and without any source specific signatures. Hence, their origin can be attributed to natural or diffuse inputs.

This work presents the analysis of C and O isotope values behavior in the carapace of ostracodes and foraminifera from the Romualdo Formation, Araripe Basin – PE. The analized samples were collected in three outcrops (Arrojado, Canastra and Cedro) located in the cities of Exu and Araripina. The de δ18O values ranged from -10.1‰ to -10.2‰ VPDB and the δ13C values ranged between -12,6‰ to +2.7‰ VPDB. The results for oxygen data indicate high temperature of waters and the deposition of marine limestones in all outcrops. For the carbon isotopic data in the Arrojado and Canastra outcrops, the values indicate an anoxic environment with high content of organic matter. In Cedro outcrop, a positive variation occurs indicating an increase in primary production, also associated to an anoxic event, and the positive values are interpreted as a transgressive pulse. These results indicate that Cedro outcrop, located in the middlesouth portion of the basin, has environmental characteristics with greater marine influence than in the Arrojado and Canastra outcrops, located in the southwest portion.

A influencia do controle climatico sobre as taxas de remocao de solos e de intemperismo quimico na bacia do Rio Sorocaba, SP, foi avaliada a partir da caracterizacao fisico-quimica das aguas fluviais e quantificacao do TSS em dois pontos de amostragem (S1 e S2), e dos fluxos fluviais de TSS e TDS, apos a correcao dos aportes atmosfericos e antropicos, no periodo de jun/2009 a jun/2010. Foram estabelecidos de 12 cenarios baseados na variacao das vazoes ao longo do periodo de estudo, associando a cada um deles as respectivas concentracoes de TSS, TDS, SiO2 e cations dissolvidos. Os fluxos fluviais corrigidos dos aportes atmosfericos e antropicos calculados para S1 e S2 permitiram determinar as taxas de remocao de solos (WM) e de intemperismo quimico das rochas (WCh) na Bacia do Rio Sorocaba, ou seja, 49,5 e 9,6 m/Ma em S1 e de 12,8 e 7,6 m/Ma em S2, respectivamente. O balanco entre estas taxas evidenciou uma maior remocao de solos em S1 (WM ≈ 5,2 WCh), em comparacao a S2 (WM ≈ 1,7 WCh). O processo de intemperismo quimico de rochas avaliado pelo indice RE indicou tendencia para o dominio da monossialitizacao. Os cenarios propostos corroboraram a influencia do clima nos processos intempericos, com predominio dos processos de intemperismo quimico das rochas nos cenarios relacionados as condicoes climaticas de baixa pluviosidade e temperaturas mais amenas, e o predominio dos processos de remocao dos solos em condicoes mais chuvosas e temperaturas mais elevadas.

Elementos maiores e tracos das rochas carbonaticas neoproterozoicas da Formacao Sete Lagoas aflorantes na regiao englobando a Area de Protecao ambiental do Carste Lagoa Santa, a norte de Belo Horizonte, foram analisados para obter informacoes sobre as condicoes paleoambientais de deposicao. A base Formacao Sete Lagoas e representada pelo Membro Pedro Leopoldo de composicao pelito-carbonatica, caracterizado por teores variados de Ca (14,6-39,4%) e Si (0,23-20,12%) e baixo conteudo de Mg (0,05-1,98%) e Al (0,08-3,9%). Os teores de Th, U e Zr sao elevados e os padroes de ETR+Y sao caracterizados por leve enriquecimento de ETR pesados, anomalias positivas de La e negativas de Ce. O Membro Pedro Leopoldo e sobreposto pelas rochas carbonaticas mais puras e escuras do Lagoa Santa. Estes marmores mostram altas concentracoes de Ca (38,6 a 40,5%) e mais baixos teores de Si (0,02-1%), de Mg (0,08-0,23%) e de Al (0,01-0,27%). Sao caracterizados por concentracoes mais baixas de Th, U e Zr relativamente a sequencia inferior, anomalias negativas de La e positivas de Ce e Y, e por ampla variacao do fracionamento de ETR leves e pesados. As caracteristicas petrograficas e geoquimicas sugerem que a sedimentacao comecou em ambiente marinho, sob aguas profundas, anoxicas e com marcada contribuicao terrigena. As caracteristicas quimicas do Membro Lagoa Santa indicam que neste periodo o ambiente de deposicao mudou, evoluindo para mais proximal e oxico.

The physicochemical parameters in both surface waters and sediments are important to understand estuarine dynamics. Different input of natural process along the year like rainfall, land breezes, solar radiation and fresh water influx as well as different location will change the physicochemical parameters. The present study was carried out to determine how the spatial-temporal difference will affect physicochemical parameters at three different locations from the Todos os Santos Bay. This involved analyzing pH, Eh (mV), temperature (oC), salinity (‰), dissolved oxygen (mg L-1) and conductivity (ms cm-1) in the water and pH, Eh (mV), Temp. (oC) and conductivity (ms cm-1) in the sediments. Particle size and organic matter also was analyzed in the sediments. The results showed that the values of the all parameters were different according the sampling time as well as the location in the bay. The temperature of the surface water, for example, was higher during the dry season (1st and 3rd sampling time) as well as the salinity. The pH of the surface water was higher in the Maragojipe River (7.70) and in the sediment Sao Paulo River showed the highest result (7.23). The organic matter in the sediment showed the lower percentage during the rainy season (2nd sampling time) and this parameter is strongly associated with the particle size. These results suggests that spatial variation along the bay together with the seasonality affect all the physicochemical parameters in the estuary.

Ortognaisses sieníticos de Terra Nova ocorrem encaixados na Faixa Feira Nova do Complexo Vertentes, no extremo leste do terreno Rio Capibaribe da Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil.Os ortognaisses ocorrem como intrusões tabulares dobradas por tectônica transcorrente relacionada à atividade da zona de cisalhamento brasiliana de Glória de Goitá, que separa o embasamento paleoproterozóico da faixa Feira Nova.Composicionalmente as rochas variam de álcali-feldspato sienito a álcali-feldspato granito exibindo bandas máficas de aegirina-augita e magnetita que se alternam com bandas ricas em ortoclásio e rara albita.Quimicamente são rochas peralcalinas a ligeiramente peraluminosas, com razões FeO/MgO e Ga/Al e concentrações Zr, Nb, Ce e Y típicas de granitóides anorogênicos derivados de manto litosférico.Altas razões Rb/Sr (até 100), por outro lado, sugerem fonte na crosta.Os padrões de elementos terras raras (ETR) normalizados em relação ao condrito mostram enriquecimento de ETR leves em relação aos ETR pesados e forte anomalia negativa de Eu sugerindo fracionamento de feldspato, compatível com as variações interelementares Rb, Sr e Ba, e Rb/Sr vs. Sr/Ba.Diagramas discriminantes de ambiente tectônicos são sugestivos de ambiente pós-colisional a intra-placa.Datação U-Pb

O monitoramento ambiental foi feito através de coletas de água mensais durante três anos em treze pontos amostrais do Rio Doce e alguns de seus afluentes localizados na Bacia hidrográfica do Rio Doce, Espírito Santo- Brasil. Foram analisados vários parâmetros biológico-físico-químicos, cujos resultados foram avaliados em função da sazonalidade pluviométrica e influência da ocupação territorial. As matrizes de correlação mostraram relações distintas entre os compostos nitrogenados, onde o nitrogênio do nitrato (N-NO3) esteve fortemente correlacionado ao nitrogênio total (NT), enquanto o N-amoniacal esteve significativamente ligado ao fósforo total (PT). As variações sazonais para o PT mostraram elevados picos nos meses chuvosos alternados por uma queda brusca de valores nos meses secos, revelando assim a influência do transporte superficial de água sobre a bacia hidrográfica que carreia PT para os rios. As concentrações de PT foram ainda maiores nos pontos situados em aglomerações urbanas. Por outro lado, o NT apresentou variações sazonais mais lineares com eventuais picos nos meses chuvosos. Além disso, os coliformes fecais mostraram correlações significativas com N-NO3 o que é um indicativo de excesso de carga orgânica no meio. Os compostos nitrogenados estão mais dependentes dos processos oxidativos que ocorrem in situ na água, porém indiretamente pela influência difusa dos escoamentos superficiais que podem transportar compostos excedentes principalmente oriundos de agricultura. As concentrações médias encontradas para PT e NT já reportam um ambiente em processo de eutrofização cabendo desde já medidas mitigadoras para atenuar tais efeitos.