Kinetic features of changes in the melting temperature Tm of ultra-oriented ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) due to radiation oxidation have been established. The relationship between changes in Tm and the strength of oriented UHMWPE (gel fibers) after irradiation in air and the structural properties of the polymer has been demonstrated. A kinetic model was derived to take into account the influence of the supramolecular (fibrillar) structure of the oriented polymer and the kinetics of cleavage of tie macromolecules on changes in the melting parameters of crystallites and the strength of oriented UHMWPE during radiation oxidation.

The swelling processes of carbomers—various modifications of lightly crosslinked polyacrylic acid—in water have been studied depending on the γ-irradiation dose. It has been found that the swelling kinetics are primarily described by second-order rate equations. Irradiation was shown to reduce the degree of swelling and increase the crosslink density; these effects were less pronounced in the case of irradiation in a vacuum. Rheological tests of gels based on irradiated carbomers demonstrated a decrease in viscosity with increasing dose, which can be explained by both radiation destruction and modification of carboxyl groups that weakens the polyelectrolyte effect. The carbomer structural features are noted to influence swelling and the properties of gel systems. A study of diclofenac sodium release from gels has shown that irradiation of Carbomer 141G with a dose of 30 kGy significantly increases the yield of the drug, indicating the potential of using ionizing radiation to enhance the delivery of biologically active substances.

Muon-catalyzed fusion occurs with wave effects of varying duration. The aim of this study is to determine the response of the electron system of helium atoms and molecules to muon absorption. Due to electron–phonon coupling, perturbations in the form of oscillations of the electron system generate vibrations of the atoms. The fundamental frequency of the damped oscillations of the electron system of a helium atom fused with a muon is 8.265 × 1016 s–1. The spectral density of the oscillations of electronic states of a mesomolecule consisting of a helium atom and a muon is represented as a peak in the frequency dependence. Muon capture by a helium molecule leads to beats with an oscillation frequency of ~2 × 1012 s–1 commensurable with the frequency corresponding to the heat transfer mode.

In this study, nanodiamonds were synthesized in a hydrocarbon-arc plasma. Unlike the HPHT method for diamond synthesis, in this study, the nanodiamond synthesis process occurs at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of approximately 1000 degrees Celsius. Moreover, no inert gases or diamond nuclei were required. Diamonds formed both on electrodes and in free flight in a carbon-hydrogen-hydrocarbon environment. Individual silicon atoms evaporated from a mixture of silicon powder and carbon dust placed in a graphite crucible anode may have served as a catalyst for nanodiamond formation.

In a study of a hollow cathode-sustained discharge, three-dimensional spatial distributions of parameters of the electron component of plasma have been obtained for the first time both within the discharge volume and in the post-anode plasma region. The data obtained provide unique information on the structure and dynamics of electrons in various regions of the discharge. Experiments have shown that the anode glow formed under these discharge conditions has a spatial structure that completely surrounds the anode. A mechanism for plasma formation in the region behind the anode is proposed, according to which a significant portion of the electrons moving in the discharge follow curved trajectories around it.

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the production of nano- and microparticles in a dc glow discharge in the presence of sound waves in a gas discharge tube. The main characteristics of the discharge during the production of nano- and microparticles using sound waves in a gas discharge tube have been determined. An increase in discharge voltage and intensification of synthesis of copper nano- and microparticle were observed in the presence of sound waves in the gas discharge tube.

A gas discharge with a liquid electrolyte cathode was experimentally studied under the following conditions: electrolyte temperature 25–95°C, current 80–120 mA, interelectrode distance of 5 mm. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride was used as the cathode with a molar concentration of 0.1 mol/L. The formation of current pulsations is considered under the assumption of droplet transfer of a substance from an aqueous solution to the plasma of the discharge.