This study investigates the thermal expansion behavior of SrFe1-xTixO3-δ (SFT) cobalt-free cathode materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). SFT cathodes with varying titanium dopant concentrations (x = 0.1-0.5) were synthesized via the glycine-nitrate combustion method. Increasing x effectively reduced the SFT cathode thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), approaching that of the SDC electrolyte. While lower TEC is generally favored, it was observed that increasing x correlated with increased area-specific resistance (ASR) from previous work, suggesting that factors beyond TEC mismatch influence electrochemical performance. Notably, the SF9T1 composition (x = 0.1), despite exhibiting the highest TEC among the SFT series, demonstrated the best electrochemical performance and good adhesion to the electrolyte, highlighting its potential as promising IT-SOFC cathode material. The observed TEC differences compared to prior reports emphasize the influence of the synthesis method. This work provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between dopant concentration, TEC, ASR, and interfacial compatibility in SFT cathodes for IT-SOFC applications.

Research efforts have been focused on the development and discovery of alternative refrigerants with low Global Warming Potential (GWP) in response to environmental shifts. Accurate equations of state (EOS) for these new refrigerants are crucial for designing efficient cooling systems in industries. This necessitates precise measurement and analysis of specific heat capacity (𝑐𝑝). To determine the specific heat capacity of unknown refrigerants, we developed a specific heat measurement system by integrating a commercial syringe pump and a Calvet calorimeter. The sample injection system can control pressures up to 100 bar, while the calorimeter accurately measures specific heat capacity within the temperature range of 203.15 K to 333.15 K. Real-time monitoring and active control of pressure and temperature are crucial as specific heat capacity measurements with a Calvet calorimeter typically consume significant time. We validated the system by measuring the specific heat capacity of heptane, a widely recognized reference substance. Additionally, to assess the precision of our refrigerant specific heat capacity measurement system, we measured the specific heat capacity of propane, R32 (Difluoromethane), and R125 (Pentafluoroethane) in the liquid phase while adjusting temperature and pressure. Our research findings are in line with values reported in existing literature, demonstrating a standard uncertainty of less than 3 % (𝑘=1) in case of specific heat capacity measurements of R32 conducted at 288.15 K

In the present work, a thermodynamical model is formulated by classical thermodynamics to nanoscale to study the elastic modulus variation in nanowires. The model presented takes into account the size, dimension and shape of the nanostructure. The model formulated to study the bulk modulus variation in nanostructures is extended to study the shear modulus variation in nanomaterials. It is noted that shear modulus of nanowires, nanofilms and nanoparticles decreases as their diameter or thickness reduces in nanoregime. The model results are observed in good consistency with the compared simulated and experimental data that justify the thermodynamical model. The shape and dimensionality of the nanostructure also found to affect the elastic property as shear modulus is found to vary drastically with these factors.

The recently proposed Fuzzy Levenberg-Marquardt Damping Factor Updating Strategy (FLM) is used along with Tikhonov Regularization (TR) in order to solve a coupled conduction-radiation function estimation inverse problem. FLM consists of updating the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) damping factor with the assist of Fuzzy Logic. To test the FLM algorithm combined with TR, a conduction-radiation problem is addressed, and it serves as test bed to the numerical experiments, where the objective is to obtain estimatives of parameters, such as the spatially variable scattering albedo, the thermal conductivity and the optical thickness, simultaneously, which is often performed separately. Two main test cases are presented, one considering only the radiation problem, used as benchmark, in order to investigate noise levels and hyperparameters. The second main test case deals with the coupled conduction-radiation heat transfer problem for different functional forms of the spatially variable scattering albedo. For all presented numerical experiments, good estimates were achieved for the sought functions and parameters. These results demonstrate that the methodology presented in this work, through the combination of the Fuzzy LM dampting factor updating strategy and the Tikhonov regularization scheme, may provide valuable tools for inverse heat transfer problems.

The blackbody radiation equation, also known as the Planck equation, has proved to be a challenge for students starting their studies in the field of thermal radiation, and this article aims to overcome this difficulty by presenting it in a simplified way. First, the classical approach to the blackbody derivation performed by the scientist Max Planck will be presented, which uses the concept of entropy, related to the different forms of energy distribution, in a thermodynamic system, complexion, according to Planck. Next, the deduction of the blackbody equation is presented, without resorting to complex calculations, but rather simple ones, from the approach carried out by Richard Feynman. Therefore, the objective of this article is to present the blackbody radiation equation, using basic concepts of average energy, and how the equation can be deduced from simple numerical calculations, without losing sight of the phenomenological character.

A unified qualitative model is presented to study the impact of size, shape, crystal structure and dimension on the energy band gap of nanostructures. The formulated approach is based on the Bond energy model used to determine the relative melting temperature of nanosolids. The model approach depends on size, dimension, crystal structure and shape of nanomaterial.The study is done on AlN, AlP, AlAs, GaN, GaP, GaAs. The formulation is obtained using the Arrhenius relation of electrical conductivity and is used to determine energy band gap expansion with respect to diameter/height of the nanostructures of different shapes. Depending on the shape of the nanomaterial, the surface area to volume ratio varies in nanomaterials that results in the change in the energy band gap value in nanostructure of same size. The study reveals that parameters viz. size, size, shape, crystal structure and dimension results in change in energy band gap value that enhance the possibility of tuning the optical properties of nanostructures. The model results are compared with the simulated and experimental data available and good agreement of model results with compared data is observed. The shifts in band gap energy of valence and conduction band is determined from the study in GaP nanosolid. Drop in size at nano level results in increase the band gap energy leading to Raman blue shift.

High entropy carbides (HECs) are a promising new class of ultra-high temperature ceramics that could provide novel material solutions for leading edges of hypersonic vehicles, which can reach temperatures > 3,500 �C and experience extreme thermal gradients. Although the mechanical and thermal properties of HECs have been studied extensively at room temperature, few works have examined HEC properties at high temperatures or considered these materials� responses to thermal shock. In this work, we measure the thermal conductivity of a five-cation HEC up to 1200 �C. We find that thermal conductivity increases with temperature, consistent with trends demonstrated in single-metal carbides. We also measure thermal conductivity of an HEC deposited with varying CH4 flow rate, and find that although thermal conductivity is reduced when carbon content surpasses stoichiometric concentrations, the films all exhibited the same temperature dependent trends regardless of carbon content. To compare the thermal shock resistance of HECs with a refractory carbide, we conduct pulsed laser ablation measurements to determine the fluence threshold the HECs can withstand before damaging. We find that this metric for the average bond strength trends with the theoretical hardness of the HECs as expected.

A product of multi-disciplinary endeavor, RSBRT is inclusive of physics, biology, and clinical experience of radiosurgery and SBRT, in the specialties of neurosurgery, radiation oncology, physics, other related medical specialties, and many other technological developments. Editor-in-chief: Jonathan Lawrence LIE publishes original (primary) research articles, reviews, short communications and letters on all aspects relating to the application of lasers in the many different branches of engineering and related disciplines.

The normal spectral emissivity at 807 and 940 nm and heat capacity at constant pressure of Pd–Fe melts were measured under electromagnetic levitation with a static magnetic field. The samples were made of Fe of mass purity 99.9985%. The present emissivity of Fe melts was relatively low compared with previously reported data using Fe with purity lower than 99.95% mass purity. The spectral emission of the Fe melts was analyzed using their normal spectral emissivity obtained from the Drude model. The excess heat capacity of Pd–Fe melts was evaluated from the measured heat capacity of Pd–Fe melts. Applying the Lupis–Elliot rule, we concluded from the obtained excess heat capacity that the enthalpy of mixing and excess entropy of the Pd–Fe melts should be negative. The composition dependence of the enthalpy of mixing, excess entropy, and excess Gibbs energy of Pd–Fe melts were evaluated using data obtained in this study and the literature.

Thermophysical properties of the Al69.1Cu12.8Ag18.1 eutectic liquid alloy are of particular interest for support of self-and inter-diffusion studies. In the presented work, Al69.1Cu12.8Ag18.1-samples were processed contactlessly by electromagnetic levitation under microgravity conditions using the TEMPUS facility. The measurements were performed onboard the Airbus A310 Zero-G in parabolic flight campaigns. The oscillating-drop-method (ODM) was used for measurements of the viscosity via oscillations damping and surface tension via oscillations frequency. These were determined for temperatures in the range of 900–1500 K by analysis of the oscillation spectrum obtained from the electrical impedance. The latter was measured using the Sample Coupling Electronics. An Arrhenius-law η(T) ∝η∞ exp(Eη /RT) was used to fit the temperature-dependent viscosity data. The resulting fit parameters were η∞ = (0.632±0.160) mPas and activation energy of viscous flow Eη = (2.344±0.233) · 104 J/mol. A linear law γ(T) = γl + γT (T - Tm) was fit to the surface tension data yielding γl = (0.9013±0.02625) Nm−1 and γT = −(0.7462±0.2675)·10−4 Nm−1 K−1. The Kozlov-model was applied to determine the enthalphy of mixing as ΔHmix = -(18.576±0.018)kJ/mol.