This research aims to description and analysis about the historical of Perguruan Rakyat School (Volksuniversiteit) in Jakarta (1928). The research of this special issue of the historical base of Perguruan Rakyat. This study in order to critical history method there are 5 steps such as: (1) Topic selection, this is first step in a research to certain issue will investigates, (2)Heuristic, this is step to assembling the historical sources, (3) Critical Source, it is the research of tracks or historical source which assembling so we found the authentic source and accurate, (4) Interpretation, this is the analysis of historical sources where it accociated and verificated, (5) Historigraphy, this is to telling of synthesis from chronological research. The results of this research are: First, Perguruan Rakyat builded the base of Sumpah Pemuda and the effect from ethical-policy decisions. Second, appear of nationalism is base to offering the understand for societies. Third, education is the effective step to offering the nationalism concept for societies. And Finally, the figures are the graduated of Perhimpunan Indonesia

The purpose of this study to determine the effect of the use of audio-visual learning media windows movie maker based on the ability to analyze the history of science students in class X SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro second semester of the school year 2016/2017. This research uses quasi-experimental research (quasi exsperiment) with type Nonequivalent control group design. the sample was selected using random cluster sampling (taking classes at random). This research activity using audiovisual media based on windows movie maker where the ability to analyze historical results of students using audio-visual media-based learning windows movie maker is higher than the use of media power point. This can be evidenced mealui the acquisition value of the average post-test between the experimental class students and students of the control class. That the average yield of the ability to analyze the history of the experimental class and the control class earn 78.47 72.55 based on the average value obtained that the average value of 5.92 experimental class larger than the control class. Based on these calculations it can be concluded that the experimental class learning higher than the control class. The conclusion of this study is no influence of the use of audio-visual learning media windows movie maker based on the ability to analyze History Class X Science Semester at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Metro in the academic year 2016/2017.

The battle of Vercellae, fought between the Romans and the Cimbri, was the final act of the so-called Northern Wars (113-101 BC) that had posed a serious threat to Rome’s security. Certain details of the battle became subject to varying interpretations in the subsequent years; this may be observed in the presentation of weather phenomena and by the conflicting accounts of Marius’ leadership (or lack thereof) during the battle. By analysing the differences in the historiographical tradition on Vercellae, it is possible to observe remnants of contemporary pro- and anti-Marian discourse, revealing how political rivals (Marius, Sulla and Catulus) might have interpreted and presented the recent past.

CITATION: Garcia, A. 2017. Airpower in the Union of South Africa's First World War campaign in German South West Africa. Historia, 62(2):1-26, doi:10.17159/2309-8392/2017/v62n2a1.

“The laws even command that he who is ransomed belongs to the one who ransomed him from the enemy, if he does not pay the ransom” ([Dem] 53.11). This is widely regarded as an exception to Solon’s law against enslavement for debt. Harris has made a strong case that the law cited by Apollodoros’ opponent did not concern debt-slavery. This paper suggests, furthermore, that the law did not apply to him and his situation at all; that we have misunderstood what this law “commands;” that ransom was a more varied process than scholars have allowed; and that the law on ransom, so often thought to have been an exception to the ban on debt-slavery, may in fact have been essential to the broader objective of which the ban was part.

Ancient sources on steelyards have yet to receive sustained consideration. This article investigates the terminology that was used to describe different types of weighing scales, arguing that the Latin term statera was not regularly associated with the steelyard (unequal-arm balance), notwithstanding its explicit description by Vitruvius as such. Instead, it was used to refer to small or precise scales (that derive their name from the unit of stater), as opposed to trutina, a set of scales designed to weigh talents. The use of this term is therefore indicative of the relatively small weighing-range of steelyards in the early imperial period. Since the second century at latest, the term charistio(n) (associated with an obscure instrument allegedly designed by Archimedes) also came to be used to refer to a steelyard not only in Greek but also in Latin. A recently published inscription, found on a late-antique steelyard, verifies this. The term campana/kampanon is attested since Late Antiquity and often associated with a relatively large weighing-range. Its attestations in the sources seem to coincide with the archaeological evidence for large, sophisticated steelyards in Late Antiquity.

This article wishes to re-examine the early career of Aetius, with special emphasis on his elimination of the magister utriusque militiae Felix in 430. Scholars have often treated this episode superficially, but it is of fundamental importance to understand how Aetius managed to break the western Roman court’s monopoly of violence. By carefully considering the historiographical record of Aetius’ campaigns during the late 420s, the chronology of his itinerary, and the wider context of the Vandal invasion of Africa, it will both offer a new interpretation of how Aetius managed to achieve Felix’ murder and its implications for western Roman unity.

United States and the Soviet Union is a country on the part of allies who emerged as the winner during World War II. However, after reaching the Allied victory in the situation soon changed, man has become an opponent. United States and the Soviet Union are competing to expand the influence and power. To compete the United States strive continuously strengthen itself both in the economic and military by establishing a defense pact and aid agencies in the field of economy. During the Cold War the two are not fighting directly in one of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the United States. However, if understood, teradinya the Korean War and the Vietnam War is a result of tensions between the two countries and is a direct warfare conducted by the United States and the Soviet Union. Cold War ended in conflict with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as the winner of the country.

Anytos is thought to be the first person who corrupted an Athenian popular court for his own advantage (409 bc). However, this alleged deed had no known consequences for his political career or his reputation among Socratic writers. Therefore, this paper offers a critical study of the Greek literary tradition. It considers the hypothesis that Anytos was the object of a malicious allegation that could draw upon the gibes of ancient comedy. The paper traces the possible genealogy of Aristotle’s assertion (AP 27.5), and concludes that it is questionable to cite this alleged incident as proof that it was possible successfully to corrupt an Athenian court.