In the last few years, there has been a significant increase in expenditure on primary education in the Czech Republic, where they account for about 10% of all government expenditures. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether this increase in expenditure on education and raising the salaries of teachers depends on the economic situation and selected macroeconomic indicators, or whether this increase is independent of these indicators. In the context of the development of monitored indicators since 2011, it has been found that the increase in total expenditure on primary education is due to a combination of the growth of the number of teachers and their salaries and the economic situation (GDP) is virtually independent. It should be pointed out again that increasing expenditure on education without changing the quality of teaching is only a consumer expenditure and not an investment that increases the added value of young people on the labor market. Therefore, it is necessary to appeal to the overall change of the system and increase the qualifications of teachers who will transmit information and knowledge in a way that future generations will appreciate.

The Czech Republic and Poland face serious challenges related to the further development of renewable energy sources. It should be emphasized that a significant part of renewable energy sources (mainly except for photovoltaics) can be particularly easily implemented in rural areas. This is due to the dispersed development and the possibility of locating RES installations away from residential buildings. This may be particularly important in the case of biogas plants or large wind farms, which may be considered burdensome by some residents. It should be emphasized that both the Czech Republic and Poland do not fully exploit the potential of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The aim of the article is to determine the potential of rural areas in the Czech Republic and Poland to implement solutions based on renewable energy sources in the production of electricity and heat. The Foresight method was used during the research. The article also indicates the conditions related to the relief of energy transmission networks in connection with the reduction of the importance of large coal-fired power plants. It should be emphasized that the dispersion of energy generation sites will mean that energy will not have to be transmitted over very long distances.

The aim of this paper is to compare the economic resilience for 22 European countries for the years 2020 and 2021, and the related verification of important resilience factors. The paper is based on six indicators: i) fiscal surplus, ii) misery index, iii) year-onyear change in public debt, iv) digital economy and society index (DESI), v) trust in government policy, vi) net savings rate. The comparison is based on the economic resilience index (ERI), which is constructed by principal component analysis (PCA). The Nordic countries achieved the highest resilience: Norway, Denmark and Sweden, while the worst performers were Greece, Slovakia and Italy. The authors' conclusions that both the level of digitalization and trust in government policy can be considered important factors in terms of resilience were confirmed. Moreover, it was shown that there is a strong relationship between ERI and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Recommendations are made to invest more in digital infrastructure, to build trust in government policy, as well as to learn from each other, especially by exploring best practices, modifying them and applying them in selected economies.

Our current society is globalized, interconnected, and dependent on the collaboration of various entities and institutions. This collaboration and its influence on innovations in the knowledge society is a subject of research, and it reflects in the theory in the basic model depicting partnership in the form of the so-called triple helix model, where the partnership entities are represented by universities, public institutions, and companies. This paper focuses on partnerships between universities and companies from the point of view of the way how this partnership helps all the participants and benefits society. The paper describes the forms of partnerships and the advantages and disadvantages they have for the participants. It includes the outcomes of the research, which was conducted through the analysis of websites, annual reports, and structured interviews with representatives of three university faculties focussing on the area of chemistry and three chemical companies in the Czech Republic. Although the research implies that the partnership brings a number of benefits to both parties, it also identifies diverse views of an optimal form of cooperation on the side of universities and companies.

Current non-financial reporting guidelines and new non-financial reporting directive are described and compared at the beginning of the article. The aim of the paper is to map and analyze non-financial and CSR reporting activities in the TOP Responsible Firms in reporting in the Czech Republic in 2022. The focus will be to the forms of reporting. The annual report, the individual CSR report and information at the www pages are the three basic reporting channels for publication. Additional criteria will be analysed in all three reporting options. The analysis showed that only four companies use all three channels for reporting. The best in the reporting are two commercial banks, Accenture Central Europe B.V. and ČEZ Group. They report about CSR in the annual reports, in special reports and on www pages. All of the analyzed companies report according to regulations in law and more detailed data.

The aim of the paper is to compare two possible methods of projections of the vector kt in the model and to forecast the age and sex-specific mortality rates in the Czech Republic for next 20 years based on stochastic modelling method. Particularly, we used Lee-Carter model that is based on Principal Component Analysis and is estimated by Singular Value Decomposition method. It estimates age-dependent parameters ax and bx and timedependent vector kt. Projection of the model's vector kt can be done by the best ARIMA model or by average ARIMA model based on the smoothed Akaike information criterions. Both kt are used for forecasting of the mortality rates for period 2021-2040. Forecasting was done in R package demography. The parameters ax and bx had expected development. However, best ARIMA model chosen by package forecast did not project kt realistically. External calculation in EViews software chose average ARIMA model that created better kt projections. This is reflected in the results of the forecasts of the mortality rates mx,t. It can be concluded that the forecasts of mortality rates based on the kt parameter projected in software EViews is smoother and more realistic.

Currently, project management is penetrating to all fields including information technologies (IT). Its implementation as well as impact varies correspondingly to many factors. These include the experience and expertise of the managers as well as companies, type of business, type of project domain, extent of the project (from the perspective of financial, human, technical and other resources) and many more. Similar importance is recognizable in the field of risk management. It represents critical topic relevant for all domains no matter the sector, type and size of business, etc. This area is discussed intensively. Nevertheless, it is still omitted from various perspectives. The insufficient attention to the interconnection of two areas -project and risk management -in various types of projects still occurs. This could result in the serious impact on the project itself as well as on all stakeholders.

The social media is growing rapidly, and it is therefore necessary to mention their impact on marketing. Promoting a company on social media is important not only for international companies but also for small and family businesses. Posting content to social media must have a clear concept and strategy to be successful. The main aim of this paper is to present and create a social media marketing strategy for a small company. Communication in social media is a big opportunity for any company. It is a tool for PR communication, brand building or image improvement. This paper describes the procedure of making the marketing strategy to increase brand awareness. The strategy is applied to social media in a small company manufacturing custom goods. If this strategy is successful, the whole strategy could be applied to other small companies manufacturing custom goods. The main steps of suggested marketing strategy consist of self-determination of the company, the aim of marketing strategy, content marketing and the evaluation of these activities. The paper focuses especially on online marketing on Facebook and Instagram. The data used in the paper was collected for a period of five months.