This paper proposes unique design technique using defected microstrip surface (DMS) for the suppression of higher mode, reduced cross polarization (XP) and improved isolation. The proposed technique can be easily adapted to any conventional working rectangular microstrip patch antennas (RMPA) in the practical applications. The modification can be made by etching the rectangular slots called DMS of optimized dimensions in the rectangular microstrip patch. This will enhance the radiations by suppressing XP radiations and eliminates nearby undesired higher order mode, which is the source for the XP radiations. In this design the conventional RMPA is designed to resonate at 3.04 GHz with broad side radiations with co-polarized peak gain of 5.2dBi and XP of -15.5dB. The proposed RMPA resonates at the same frequency with a gain of 6dBi. The XP is significantly suppressed by 31dB and it is -46.5dB over the span of ±500, with co-pol to cross-pol isolation of 52.5dB is achieved for S-band applications. The performances of the designed antennas have been experimentally verified.

SRAM used for the FPGA, requires higher stability and low power consumption. 8T SRAM cell has degraded write stability with the decreasing supply voltages. 10T SRAM cell has higher write stability because of the cut-off switch employed in the pull-up path in one of the inverters. The design of SRAM array with low power consumption and higher stability is of major importance. So, 1Kb SRAM array using 8T and 10T SRAM cells has been designed and compared for different design metrics. Write 0 and Write 1 power is lower by 1.98×, 3.52× in 10T SRAM Array than 8T SRAM Array at 0.9VDD, SS corner. Due to the usage of High-Vth transistors in 10T SRAM cell, the Read power is lower by 1.6× than 8T SRAM Array for 0.9V VDD at SS Corner. The leakage power while holding 0 is lower by 1.13× in 10T SRAM array than 8T SRAM array at FF corner at 0.9V VDD. The design metrics are evaluated for a wide range of supply voltage. The designs are implemented in Cadence Virtuoso in 45nm Technology node.

A design of gain and bandwidth enhancement of Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna (CMPA) has been presented employing a circular groove etched in a rectangular metal sheet used as superstrate. The proposed concept is unique, and simple as flexible approach to enhance the gain and bandwidth. A rectangular shaped foam spacer has been used to provide mechanical support to place an optimized groove etched rectangular metal sheet superstrate. The proposed antenna offers about 35.5% of impedance matching bandwidth ranging between 8.45 GHz to 12 GHz with a total bandwidth of 3.55 GHz, whereas a conventional circular patch, resonating at 9.95 GHz, hardly shows about 4.8% of impedance bandwidth (480 MHz) only with co-pol. peak gain of 7dBi. In addition to the enhanced bandwidth characteristics co-pol. peak gain of 10dBi is maintained throughout the operating frequency band. There is 3dBi gain enhancement is achieved when compared to conventional CMPA. For the experimental validation, a set of antenna prototype has been fabricated using the commercially available dielectric substrate. The measured result shows similar with the simulated predictions.

Sunlight based vitality is a perfect and sustainable power source asset that has progressively turned out to be imperative due to the diminishing utilization of fossil fuel resources over the world. Forecasting output power in a Solar Photovoltaic panel is one of the major challenges under outdoor conditions. In this work, the problem is considered and two methodologies for the estimation of solar photovoltaic output power is analysed. As it is an outdoor power prediction, a historical dataset is collected by considering various parameters such as wind speed, weather, temperature, wind direction, air pressure, and rainfall. The prediction is timed under 5 minute’s basis. The linear regression model based on the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method minimizes the sum of the squares error (SSE) and provides better results for forecasting. The error between the independent variables and the dependent variables is reduced by using linear regression model. On the other hand, artificial neural network is the method used for forecasting in the statistical approach. The implementation of ANN display is finished with Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and the preparation technique for neural system is finished by Back Propagation calculation. After the prediction, the accuracy is measured by various error measurement criteria like Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Magnitude of Relative Error (MMRE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and at last MAPE is considered for analysis. The result shows that artificial neural network model brings out better prediction when compared to linear regression model for maximum power prediction.

Circularly Polarized (CP) antennas are becoming increasingly popular for wireless applications. This paper describes design and simulation of circularly polarized slot patch antenna for C-band applications. C-band has frequency range from 4 to 8 GHz that is used for satellite communication transmissions, some Wi-Fi devices, and cordless telephone. For circular polarization, the axial ratio (AR) less than 3 dB can be produced by inserting a rectangular stub from the ground plane towards the square shaped slot. The simulation results are observed by Ansoft HFSS version 13 software in terms of return loss, VSWR, axial ratio and radiation pattern. Simulated results show that the antenna attains an S11 < -10 dB, return loss bandwidth from (4 GHz to 8GHz) and the axial ratio bandwidth from (4.5GHz to 7.3GHz). The proposed micro-strip slot patch antenna is connected by 50O micro-strip feed line and it has been fabricated on FR4 Substrate.

Electrostatic bonding between glass and silicon is carried out in micro
\nsensor devices to achieve higher bond strength thus eliminating the
\nrequirement of adhesives. This can also be useful in providing
\nhermiticity and results in reliable operation of the micro sensor devices.
\nPractically the sensor performance is prone to long term drift mainly
\ndue to process associated with the assembly and packaging. Bonding is
\nthe one of the critical process in micro sensor and generally sensor
\nstability is dependent on this process along with other packaging
\nmaterial and methodology. Bond strength is one of the critical
\nparameters to find out the quality of bond and the same is quantified
\nand compared for different conditions. This article details electrostatic
\nbonding process, various parameters responsible for the reliable
\nbonding, modelling and characterization along with simple
\nmethodology to achieve higher bond strength.

This paper analysis the performance of a RF MEMS switch having a complementary beam structure operating at frequency ranging from 0 to 12GHz, which facilitates its application in the field of wireless mobile communication. This design is a modified cantilever beam forming a complementary structure with an easy fabrication process to implement. The switch is designed in form of a meander beam spring type in order to lower the spring constant there by achieving a relatively less pull-in voltage for actuation. The simulated results show a pull-in voltage of about 4V with the complementary cantilever beam structure. RF analysis shows a negligible insertion loss of -0.113dB and -7.181dB in the up-state of the switch from 0 to 12GHz. The isolation in the up-state was -57.62dB at 12GHz.

The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are quickly replacing the microcontrollers for embedded applications since they offer both the performance of hardware and flexibility of software computing. Custom logic design implementation can be done using FPGAs for faster control systems and it also adds the advantage of parallel processing which are not available in processors and controllers that works sequentially for embedded systems. Integrating web server functionality with these devices offers remote access and controls them over Internet in the form of web pages on a web browser. This work presents the concept of creating an embedded web server using APSOC and FPGA to control a Video Graphics Array (VGA) display remotely through Internet. The proposed system has been designed and first implemented in Nexys 3, development platform based on Xilinx Spartan-6 LX 16 FPGA, then finally on ZYNQ-7000 APSOC (Zybo).

ICTACT Journals are peer reviewed International Journals published quarterly. With the objective of creating Indian-based Journals of International quality and to build up local research content, ICTACT Journals exists for the purpose of providing a quality peer-reviewed platform for Scientists, Researchers, Academicians and Engineers who carry out their original research. The Journals will highlight the continued growth and new challenges in both basic research and application development.

Power crisis is the great concern in electrical charge storage devices. Electrochemical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors are the alternative power sources. Nanoporous gold film is the promising material for supercapacitor current collector fabrication. Nanoporous gold has recently become a desirable material in the field of analytical chemistry. This conductive material has an open, 3D porous structure consisting of nano sized pores with surface areas that are 100s to 1000s of times larger than planar gold of an equivalent surface area. The high surface area tied with an open pore network arrangement makes nanoporous gold a perfect support for the development of supercapacitor. Important features include conductivity, high surface area, ease of preparation and adaptation, tunable pore size, and a continuous open pore network. Nanoporous current collector for supercapacitor is prepared by dealloying Au:Cu alloys. Surface analysis and characterisation are performed by using SEM, FESEM and EDAX analysis. Mathematical modelling of impedance response for a nanoporous current collector is derived and equivalent circuit is also obtained. This current collector can store more charge carriers for large number of charging /discharging cycles and can be used in portable, high power applications.