A simulation study on curved MOSFET-based current mirror integrated pressure sensors (CM-CMIPS) has beenpresented in this paper. The pressure-sensing structures studied in this work have contained circular and square curved MOSFETs embedded on circular and square silicon diaphragms. The proposed pressure sensors have utilized the piezoresistive effect in MOSFETs as transduction mechanism and have employed current mirror circuits as readout circuits for detecting the externally applied input pressure. This work has included a comparative study for the following six pressure sensing structures: two structures each utilizing a p-type and n-type circular curved channel MOSFET embedded on circular diaphragms, two structures each utilizing a p-type and n-type square curved channel MOSFET embedded on squarediaphragms, one structure consisting of both p- and n-type circular curved channel MOSFETs each embedded on two separate circular diaphragms, and the last one consisting of both p- and n-type square curved channel MOSFETs each embedded on two separate square diaphragms. The proposed CM-CMIPS sensors have been designed using standard 5μm CMOS technology. The pressure sensitivities of square-shaped CM-CMIPS employing p-MOS, n-MOS, and CMOS (both p- and n-MOS) structures have been found to be approximately 515, 407, 2151 mV/MPa, respectively, and 505, 661, 2223 mV/MPa, respectively, for the circular-shaped sensors.

Additive manufacturing, often known as 3D printing, is a breakthrough industrial technology that employs computerized design files to layer products one by one. This study discusses the application of one such progressive manufacturing approach. AM is flexible, adaptable, highly configurable and can be tailored to suit the needs of most sectors of industrial production. An overview of the various materials appropriate with each 3D printing process is presented. The literature reviewed has shown that issues such as incompatible material and the costs of materials are still to be addressed, even though 3D printing is becoming more widely used. There may be a broad range of materials that can be used to produce these parts and objects. These include combinations in form of composite products, hybrids, or functional graded materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. To accomplish this performance through anticipatory and replicative methods, a large amount of work is still needed at AM about its two major enabling technology namely AM materials and AMmetrology. The positive aspect is that industry is extremely proactive in establishing AM as one of the most prominent manufacturing engineering methods.

The rapid electrification of goods vehicles in India, particularly in urban centers like Delhi, is transforming last-mile freight dynamics. This study analyzes the impact of electrification on trip rates and vehicle choice within Delhi’s urban freight sector. Using Parivahan registration data, trip rates from the trip generation study, and vehicle count surveys, we examine the shift from traditional light commercial vehicles (LCVs) toward electric goods three-wheelers (3WTs). The findings reveal a significant rise in 3WT registrations and trip frequencies, alongside a relative decline in LCV usage. The project sales of 3WT segment shows a steady rise from around 12,500 in 2025 to over 20,000 units by 2030, while the sales of LGV decline to 11,000 by 2030. Key drivers of this modal shift include operational advantages, less restriction on EV’s entry timings, and supportive government policies promoting electric vehicle adoption. These insights highlight the changing nature of freight mobility in Indian cities and suggest strategies to further support sustainable urban logistics.

Optical flats and parallels are precisely polished surfaces, customarily used as reference standards for quality assurance of fabricated components in numerous industries.In-line with the quality control, reliable flatness and parallelism measurements of optical flats and parallels through appropriate measurement methodologies are immensely significant.The present study describes a comparative investigation for flatness measurement of an optical flat with an effective diameter of 150 mm and parallelism measurement of an optical parallel with an effective diameter of 30 mm, through laser interferometry and image processing using MATLAB, followed by measurement uncertainty evaluation for perceptive and subjective confirmation of the measurement process.Outgrowths of both the approaches have been contemplated to be in significant congruence; the flatness value observed using laser interferometry is 120.50±30nm whereas the flatness value observed using image processing is 118±32 nm.The parallelism values using laser interferometry is 0.44±0.009arc second and using image processing is 0.36±0.01arc second.

In this study, the stress analysis of PE 100 grade high-density polyethylene pressure pipe squeeze-off has been carried out using ABAQUS, a general-purpose finite element code.The squeeze-off phenomenon has been investigated for the single and double squeeze-off pipes.In the finite element analysis, the true stress-strain curve of the material has been adopted.The stress distributions in the squeezed pipe have been obtained.Special attention has been paid to the axial and von Mises stress distributions along the pipe axis and around the squeeze-off ear.Finally, the practical implications of the axial stress and von Misses stress distributions resulting from the squeeze-off phenomenon have been discussed and correlated with the minimum distance away from the pipe welds, mechanical connections, local saddle joints, or nearest squeeze-off locations imposed by related standards.

This research has focused on optimizing operating parameters of a multi-lamp In-duct UVC air disinfection system through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The efficacy of the system has highly dependent on proper system design to ensure both effective disinfection and minimal energy consumption. In this study five configurations with varying numbers of Ultraviolet-C (UVC) lamps (3, 6, 9, 11, 13) of wavelength 254nm has been investigated through CFD analysis. The velocity and irradiation profiles corresponding to different lamp configurations has been studied to optimize number of lamps. Further orientation profile has been explored at the original vertical position, 30-degree rotation, 60-degree rotation, and horizontal position to optimize position of lamps within duct. The 13 lamps arrangement yields maximum germicidal action has been evidenced from velocity and irradiation profiles. The orientation profiles has revealed that a uniform vertical arrangement of lamps offers best position for achieving the maximum UV dose. Standard deviation calculations for UV dose distribution across different orientation positions has confirmed that a vertical arrangement provide an uniform dose distribution. In comparision to earlier studies, optimized 13-lamp configuration has resulted in a more than 60% increase in average uv dose, superior dose uniformity, and higher germicidal efficacy than conventional configurations.

The study has sought to identify a means for estimating the attitude of a small unmanned aerial vehicle by exploiting the fundamental operating principle of a neural network, using information about its micro electro-mechanical systems sensors’ error properties. Individual attitude solutions have been derived from the accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer using traditional techniques. These solutions have been then fused together using a weighting strategy that ensures that each sensor’s error is accounted for. The developed algorithm has drawn upon knowledge from statistical noise parameter estimation and voting strategies applied in redundant aircraft systems to ensure that the system output closely matches the platform’s actual attitude. Experiments that have been carried out to determine the efficacy of the developed algorithm using data from real world flights have shown that the algorithm has improved accuracy compared to the individual sensor solutions, with root-mean-square-error of below 10 in several situations.

Waste fishing nets cause severe detrimental impacts on the environment, as they are lost and abandoned in the ocean and on beaches yearly, harming the ecosystems.Most discarded fishing nets are made of non-biodegradable material, and dumping them into the sea or on land pollutes the environment.There is a growing demand for innovative and sustainable ways to reuse and recycle them into new product applications.Waste fishing nets can be used for reinforcing cementitious composites for structural and non-structural purposes to avoid these disposal problems.The inclusion of reinforcing fibers has significantly improved cement-based materials' physical and mechanical properties.When waste fishing nets are used as fiber, or mesh as it is, or as yarn, can meet the demands of the construction industry for a variety of products.The advancements in the usage of waste fishing nets as building materials are outlined in this paper.The review summarises current published literature about cementitious systems that contain waste fishing nets with an emphasis on their current management, fresh and hardened properties, and durability.Additionally, future research gaps on the behavior of waste fishing net reinforced composites for civil engineering applications are identified that contribute to the sustainability of the construction industry.

In this study, Magnetorheological (MR) finishing fluid samples are synthesized and experiments are conducted to investigate the rheological properties namely off-state viscosity and on-state yield stress of prepared samples. The compositions of the MR finishing fluid are determined by employing Taguchi based design of experiment approach. The rheological properties are characterized on a rheometer, using MR device accessory. Bingham Plastic, Casson fluid and Herschel Bulkley are the three fluid models utilized for the modelling of the fluid. The Hershel–Bulkley model has resulted as the most apposite model for fluid with the highest coefficient of regression (R2) value i.e., 0.9049. Further, Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is also utilized to establish the effect of its constituents on both the considered rheological properties. To determine the magnetic saturation of the developed MR finishing fluid, graphs between magnetic field strength and on-state yield stress are plotted. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) publicized the weight percentage of Fe powder as the most notable parameter, contributing 66.12% which is followed by the weight percentage of SiC abrasives with 8.09%. The MR finishing fluid samples attained the highest yield stress at a magnetic field intensity of around 0.7 Tesla, which is considered as the limiting value for the finishing process. The optimized fluid sample is used for finishing 2 mm hole using an indigenously developed finishing process.