Requirements for traceability of calibrations and calibration intervals contained in the document IECEE OD-5011 for the testing laboratories IECEE members are presented. Among the others, the issues related to selection of a calibration laboratory, calibration intervals for particular group of test equipment, requirements for traceability of calibrations as well as the matters of test equipment on the status of "Initial Calibration Only” were overviewed. Information about the IECEE OD-5011 application in the laboratory practice of ITE PREDOM Division is presented as well.

Cardiotocography is now a standard procedure determining the well-being of the fetus. In today's increasing popularity of IoT, there is a need for solutions providing mobility, while maintaining reliability. The article presents the methodology of creating CTG apparatus model, which enables filtration and detection of the basic parameters of the examination.

In this paper the pre-clustering algorithm with the modified decision rule has been presented. The application of pre-clustering algorithm answers the question whether to carry out the clustering or would it result in the appearance of artificial structure (input data is one cluster and it is unnecessary to divide it). The versatility and simplicity of this algorithm allows using it in a various fields of science and technology. The pros and cons of pre-clustering algorithm have been also considered.

Statyczne pole elektryczne jest wykorzystywane w wielu procesach technologicznych m. in. w procesie separacji elektrostatycznej. Jednym z urządzeń wykorzystującym różne właściwości elektryczne separowanych cząsteczek jest separator bębnowy. W urządzeniu tym cząstki o różnej przewodności elektryzują się w polu ulotu i opadają na bęben. Cząstki dobrze przewodzące oddają swój ładunek i odrywają się od bębna natomiast cząstki słabo przewodzące zachowują swój ładunek i są przytrzymywane na powierzchni bębna. Do określenia skuteczności rozdziału konieczne jest określenie trajektorii ruchu cząstek. Na trajektorie separowanych cząstek wpływa wiele czynników, wśród których najważniejsze to: układ systemu elektrod, wartość wysokiego napięcia (oba czynniki determinują rozkład pola elektrycznego między elektrodami). W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy rozkładu pola elektrycznego w separatorze bębnowym dla różnej konfiguracji elektrod i wartości przyłożonego napięcia.

The work is an attempt to define the essence of modelling process, which plays such an important and key role in the development of science and technology. The author points to the fundamental characteristics of a good model and conditions for assessing its correctness resulting from the model usefulness to solve specific engineering tasks. To make considerations and conclusions more convincing, the author repeatedly refers to various genres of art: painting, graphics, architecture, music and applied arts, to clearly expose the keynote telling that modelling in engineering is a creative process, characterized by the same features as the creative process associated with the creation of works of art. Examples illustrating the principles of modelling as well as the similarities and parallels between the works of engineering of various nature and works of art were taken from various web sources: Wikipedia, materials from the collections of the author and library of the Academy of Music in Katowice, from his own scientific work from different periods of his activity, from the results of research available by other scientists, among others, prof. Andrzej Demenko, as well as from the monograph of J. Turowski “Electromagnetic calculations of machine parts and electrical appliances”. Some of them have been prepared specially for this the article by Marcin Szczygiel, Marek Kluszczynski and Wojciech Pytel.

Zwiększająca się liczba odnawialnych źródeł energii, aktywnych kompensatorów mocy biernej oraz innych urządzeń wymagających zastosowania energoelektronicznych systemów, powoduje wzrost liczby wyższych harmonicznych w przebiegach prądów i napięć sieci elektroenergetycznej. Artykuł prezentuje jedno z możliwych rozwiązań sterowania wektorowego VOC równolegle połączonych przekształtników przystosowanych do współpracy z siecią. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań symulacyjnych układu przekształtnika wielokanałowego podczas zakłóceń takich jak przerwa lub zwarcie faz. Przeanalizowano wzajemny wpływ przekształtników pod kątem prądów płynących w poszczególnych fazach.

The paper presents the physical basis of the constructed model of the fluorescent emitter of CO2 emitting infrared radiation with frequencies exactly coinciding with the absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide. This study describes the basic model and given a physical interpretation of the results. Attention is paid on the properties of the emitted radiation by the device and the ability to use the device in various fields.

The maximum induced electric field by external low frequency magnetic fields is considered when evaluating exposure of a body to magnetic field. The induced electric field cannot be measured but can only be assessed using analytical or numerical calculations. In the case of numerical simulations results are affected by errors caused by discretization of a body model being exposed. This error causes overestimation of the exposure level. The recommended ICNIRP approach to reduce errors is to average the results over a small cubic volume, and then take into account the 99th percentile value for a specific tissue. When evaluating exposure from small or local sources taking into account the 99th percentile value leads to underestimation. This paper propose a new method of reducing numerical errors using low pass filter. There is also presented results obtained directly from the simulation platform SEMCAD X compared to averaged values, and to results obtained using the new filtering method.

Wind energy in Poland began to develop in the early 90s of the twentieth century, but its dynamic growth can be observed in subsequent years. At the end of 2014, the total installed capacity in wind farms in Poland amounted to 3 800 MW and continues to grow. The construction and installation of wind farms with high power brings with it a number of problems related to the compensation of the 110 kV cable lines of considerable length and the right type of compensation equipment. The article describes issues related to regulation of reactive power in wind farms and an analysis of individual compensation equipment used in wind energy.

In this article the fuzzy system for the two phase gas-liquid flows recognition based on the 3D tomography data and the research facility context information is described., The system is also specialized to control the research facility in basis of the fuzzy algorithms and generated diagnostics signals.