Bosnia and Herzegovina is ranked 73rd in the Global Gender Gap Index 2022. A questionable democratisation process, ethnonationalism, and changes in the political culture strongly affected gender equality, participation, and representation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This article tackles the impact of preferential voting on the representation of women in the local councils following the last Local Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The effect of gender quotas and placement mandates are examined across the following determinants: electoral unit magnitude, local community urbanisation rate, ethnic composition of municipalities, and ideological foundation of political parties. To test the main objectives and research questions, this paper examines the impact of preferential voting on gender political representation. A complete dataset for all candidates and municipalities of the 2020 Local Elections, officially released by the State Election Commission, was used. The descriptive analysis indicates that 19.86% of women candidates have been elected to the local councils. With regards to the residence, female candidates from rural areas have a lower tendency of being elected than candidates from highly urban municipalities. Regarding ethnicity, the number of seats won by female candidates was the largest for candidates with a Serb majority, followed by the Bosniak and the Croat ones. When considering political orientation, female candidates from parties with centrist political orientation have a higher tendency of being elected, closely followed by female candidates from parties with a leftist orientation. Keywords: Gender Gap; Preferential Voting; Representation; Electoral Systems; 2020 Local Elections; Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mass media’s evolution today requires the preacher (dāÑiy) to equip themselves with communication skills as it is an integral part of da’wah. Without the participation of learned preachers on this medium, young people who are the primary consumer of mass media can easily be swayed into following fake preachers, extremist, and deviant ideologies that freely promote themselves. This study will focus on mass media’s role and analyse it regarding its favourability as a tool for Islamic learning. This study aims to broaden the scope of understanding on the utilisation of traditional and new mass media; its usage patterns among Muslims with different backgrounds in Gombak. This study utilised a quantitative study to examine the phenomena, questionnaires and descriptive analysis tests as well as present the data. The results will be examined in the light of practicality, and the output indicates that there are importance and advantage of new media that can propagate a better understanding of Islam as a whole.