Patients’ rights are a fundamental component of ethical and legally compliant healthcare, with professionals bearing primary responsibility for their implementation. This study aimed to examine healthcare professionals’ knowledge of legally defined patients’ rights and related professional obligations within the Croatian hospital system, to explore differences across sociodemographic and professional groups, and to assess whether distinct domains of legal knowledge can be identified. A 2024 cross-sectional study in two Zagreb public hospitals used an anonymous online questionnaire with seven legally based clinical claims on patient rights and professional duties. Data were analysed descriptively and using nonparametric tests to examine differences across sociodemographic and professional groups, and Spearman’s rank correlation to assess associations between claims. Based on 197 complete and analysed responses, high levels of agreement were observed for well-established and routinely applied patient rights, such as the right to restrict visits, voluntary discharge with a written statement, and disclosure of professional identity. Substantial uncertainty and misconceptions were identified for claims involving conditional legal norms and procedural obligations, including research involving minors, documentation of intent to leave, and the obligation to provide a second medical opinion. Selective group differences were observed by gender, age, professional group, and professional experience. Correlation analysis primarily revealed weak associations among claims, with suggestive clustering around patient autonomy. In conclusion, healthcare professionals’ legal knowledge of patients’ rights is fragmented and domain-specific rather than unified, underscoring the need for targeted, context-based legal education to support consistent protection of patients’ rights in clinical practice.

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a key enabling force of transhumanism in contemporary visions of Homo sapiens technologicus, aimed at overcoming biological limitations of the human body. Young people, socialized in technologically saturated environments shaped by rapid technoscientific change, constitute a sociologically relevant group for examining transformations in perceptions of the body and human agency. This study empirically examines attitudes of citizens of the Republic of Croatia toward willingness to engage in AI-supported body augmentation across functional, health-related, physical-performance, and existential dimensions, with particular emphasis on generational differences. The findings show that most respondents express resistance to technological body enhancement, especially regarding cognitive control, contactless everyday functionalities, and cryonics. At the same time, a considerable proportion of respondents across all dimensions express ambivalent or undecided attitudes. Statistically significant generational differences in views on neural device control, health-preservation technologies, and physical augmentation indicate that younger generations are more inclined to perceive the body as open to technological intervention, while older generations adhere more strongly to notions of biological authenticity. The pronounced indecision among younger respondents suggests that transhumanist ideas, once confined to science fiction imaginaries, are increasingly entering everyday social consciousness without achieving full normative stabilization. By empirically identifying indecision as a distinctive generational feature, this study contributes to a sociological and interdisciplinary understanding of transhumanism as an ideological movement intertwined with AI and points to early stages of sociocultural adaptation toward transhumanist worldviews.

The rise of IoT technologies has exponentially increased the return on investment from the ransomware threat vector side.This study addresses the cybersecurity challenges in reacting to security incidents of complex cloud connected IoT solutions, mainly focusing on ransomware incidents.It highlights the diverse and interconnected nature of IoT systems, which creates a complex landscape of attack surfaces for ransomware.The centralization of risks exacerbates these challenges due to cloud or multi-cloud integration, necessitating robust security measures and comprehensive incident response strategies.The need for holistic security approaches, encompassing endpoint, network, and multi-cloud defenses, to mitigate ransomware risks effectively is rising, and the complexities of incident response in such integrated systems are more emphasized, focusing on the coordination required across various stakeholders for effective management and recovery.The study advocates for adaptive, layered security solutions and a nuanced understanding of the interconnected technological landscape to enhance resilience against ransomware threats in cloud-connected IoT environments.

While the ecological footprint of humanity is constantly growing, urbanization has had an exponential growth in recent years.The fundamental concept of green energy is to create liveable and sustainable urban environment.There are several ways to produce completely green energy, whilst focusing on developmental opportunities in certain areas.Fundamentally, there are two main disciplines to develop green energy: one is info-communication and other is the energy systems in parallel.Their focus is on achieving an antifragile system that is less prone to the hectic change of weather-dependent, distributed energy producers.Our research highlights the problem of integrating weather-dependent distributed renewable energy producers into the electrical network in Hungary.This article will cover the opportunities and challenges of the Hungarian electricity system concerning small, household size power plants and unfold how a modern "super-computer" can help or hinder modelling the electrical systems, and what other organizational opportunities can aid integration.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to assess the alignment of tourism stakeholders and institutions in Croatia with the strategic priorities set out in key tourism development strategies.Specifically, this evaluation focuses on identifying the extent to which cross-border cooperation projects funded by the Interreg programme between 2014 and 2020 have led to innovations in sustainable tourism products and practices.Additionally, the study aims to determine the primary country with which Croatia collaborates for these sustainable tourism initiatives.Methodology: The research employs quantitative methods to analyse data collected from the First Annual Report on Innovative Actions in Sustainable Tourism within the EU Strategy for the Adriatic-Ionian Region.This report serves as the primary source of information, detailing projects that emphasize innovation in sustainable tourism, particularly those involving Croatian partners as leaders or team members.Results: A total of 50 sustainable tourism-related projects were identified within the Interreg program during the specified period.Notably, the majority of these projects were conducted in collaboration with Slovenia.Of the total projects, 54% resulted in innovations pertaining to sustainable tourism, with 41% focused on developing new tourism products and the remaining 59% addressing various innovations, including accommodation and new technologies. Conclusion:The findings indicate that cross-border cooperation, particularly between Croatia and Slovenia, has significantly contributed to innovations in sustainable tourism.The study highlights the importance of such collaborations in promoting sustainable practices and regional integration.Future research should explore broader implications and identify potential barriers to enhancing the effectiveness of cross-border tourism initiatives.

The advent of publicly available AI in the last years has resulted in a major paradigm shift.Its use is starting to pervade most fields and aspects of life -including the world of academia.This article explores how Algebra University students use AI for writing and their attitudes towards this use.The research was done in two parts.The first part comprised one of the students' required writing assignments.The students were encouraged to use AI, but with a caveat that the final version may not be more than 35% AI-generated.The second part of the research was a short anonymous questionnaire.The aim was to determine whether the students think that AI tools embetter their writing in terms of both language proficiency -a point of particular interest as most of the students are non-native speakers of English -and creativity.The article presents an analysis of the students' responses and supporting findings of other papers on AI's role in writing.While the results indicate that students believe AI to be helpful in general and that it enhances their writing skills, its role in and impact on creative writing still remain unclear and require further research into this complex topic.

This study investigates the impact of incorporating Scrum methodology into project-based learning on student motivation, knowledge retention, and problem-solving skills.Conducted with 40 third-year students, the research utilizes a combination of the Student Engagement Instrument, and custom survey questions developed by the authors.A pre-test and post-test were administered to assess changes in student engagement, collaboration, and project management efficiency.The results reveal a significant improvement in student motivation and problem-solving abilities, with a paired t-test showing a statistically significant increase in grades when comparing the Scrum-based course to a traditionally instructed course.Students reported improved teamwork and communication, particularly using daily stand-up meetings and retrospectives.Limitations of the study, such as sample size and specific course context, are acknowledged, and recommendations for future research are provided.The findings suggest that Scrum methodology can effectively foster a more engaged, collaborative, and productive learning environment in higher education.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken up all aspects of socio-political systems.While some of these aspects were recognized as more priority and thus received special financial stimulus from public sources throughout the period of the global crisis, the cultural and artistic sector turned out to be one of the biggest losers.The ubiquitous uncertainty about the duration of such a crisis situation and the mentioned inability to "survive" in the new circumstances forced many individuals and organizations to discontinue their previous activities.On the other hand, many have turned to the only possible way of survival -the Internet.Organizers of online concerts, exhibitions, performances, and various other programs found different, creative ways to reach target audiences in culture and art, which was also deeply affected by the new situation.In this article, we will present a case study of one of the ibenik-based associations to show the field perspective "from below".Oksid, an association for the promotion of culture and art, has been active on the local cultural and artistic scene for 9 years.After the interruption of "normality" in March 2020, which was quite a shock just a few days before the association's birthday concert, a plan for the continuation of activity and adaptation was soon made.The association applied the project titled Culturally Networked for funding through the Culture and Art Online competition from the European Social Fund and thus managed to offer at least some cultural and artistic content despite the locked doors of its premises.A case analysis was chosen as a research strategy, primarily due to its analytical possibilities of placing a particular research object in certain contexts.Subsequently, an participant observation method was chosen to report on the real situation in everyday life, the situation in the field, and concrete insights into the project procedure and administration during the preparation and implementation of the project.

Ageing may reduce cognitive function, impacting thinking, reasoning, and memory.One of the potential solutions to address this issue is by utilizing Cognitive-Driven Technology (CEDT).The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of cognitive ergonomic-driven technology on the perceived mental workload, working posture, and task performance of ageing workers.Eight ageing workers were instructed to perform two types of tasks (arithmetic and typing) in two segments (i.e., Segment A (baseline) and Segment B (consisting of CEDT interventions).The accuracy and efficiency of tasks from both segments were evaluated.Mental workload measures (NASA-TLX and Heart rate) and body posture were recorded during the task execution.The recordings were utilized in developing the scenario in a design software, which then further analyzed the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) score.One of the crucial findings has been achieved, which result of the correlation analysis shows that in segment B, there was a strong and significant negative correlation between the RULA score and task performance score (r = -0,781, p = 0,022).This means that as the RULA score decreases (indicating better working posture), the task performance improves.These findings emphasize CEDT's role in maintaining good posture for performance.

Although there has been considerable theoretical support outlining a relationship between marketing ethics and customer loyalty, there is limited empirical evidence validating this relationship.This study examines the relationships among perceptions of marketing ethics and customer loyalty in a sample of Turkish consumers.The results demonstrate that marketing ethics is negatively related to customer loyalty.Furthermore, this research investigates the processes through which marketing ethics affects customer loyalty.The relationship between marketing ethics and customer loyalty is sequentially mediated by customer satisfaction and customer trust.On the other hand, this research also investigates whether voluntary simplicity has a moderating role in the impact of marketing ethics on customer satisfaction and customer trust.The results demonstrate that the relationship between marketing ethics and customer satisfaction is moderated by self-sufficiency and intangible life which are sub-dimensions of voluntary simplicity; however, there is no moderating role of planned shopping and simplicity in product which are the other sub-dimensions of voluntary simplicity.