Cloud-Fog Computing (CFC) has emerged as a solution to meet the growing demand for efficient processing in diverse applications. Task Scheduling (TS) within CFC is crucial for resource optimisation and meeting user needs. This paper presents a novel approach to TS using the Spotted Hyena Optimisation (SHO) algorithm, drawing inspiration from hyena pack dynamics. SHO aims to minimise makespan, energy consumption and execution time while enhancing throughput. The study extensively evaluates SHO's adaptability to dynamic workloads and varying user demands through simulations. Results demonstrate SHO's superior performance over existing algorithms, highlighting its potential to enhance CFC system efficiency and reliability. The proposed algorithm is effectively balances the makespan time by 13.69%, execution time by 26.06%, energy saving by 30.99% and increased throughput by 14.59% over three existing advanced scheduling algorithms. This research contributes to the ongoing optimisation of TS in CFC, offering valuable insights into nature-inspired algorithms' effectiveness in addressing complex computational challenges.

With the expansion of the Internet of Things, spatio-temporal data has been widely used and generated. The rise of 'big data' in space and time has led to the flood of new applications with statistical analysis characteristics. In addition, applications based on statistical analysis of these data must deal with the large capacity, diversity and frequent changes of data, as well as the query, integration and visualisation of data. Developing such applications is essentially a challenging and time-consuming task. In order to simplify the statistical analysis of spatio-temporal data, a service-oriented method is proposed in this paper. This method defines the model of spatio-temporal data service and functional service. Define a process-based application of spatio-temporal big data statistics to invoke basic data services and functional services. This paper proposes an implementation method of spatio-temporal data service and functional service based on Hadoop environment. Taking the highway big data analysis as an example, the validity and applicability of this method are verified. The effectiveness of this method is verified by an example. The validity and applicability of the method are verified by the case study of expressway large data analysis. An example is given to verify the validity of the method.

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The proliferation of edge computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) has raised serious concerns about linked devices' susceptibility to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The new lightweight Intrusion Detection System (IDS) model proposed in this study is intended only for the detection of DDoS assaults against edge and Internet of Things devices. Because they frequently use a lot of resources, traditional IDS solutions are inappropriate for resource-constrained IoT and edge computing settings. With minimal computing overhead, the suggested methodology uses anomaly detection and machine learning techniques to find patterns linked to DDoS assaults. In addition, the model considers the particularities of IoT and edge devices, considering things like constrained computing power, energy limitations and communication protocols. The IDS model's lightweight design ensures its applicability to resource-constrained devices, making it an invaluable tool for bolstering security in the rapidly expanding IoT and edge computing ecosystems.

Inderscience is a global company, a dynamic leading independent journal publisher disseminates the latest research across the broad fields of science, engineering and technology; management, public and business administration; environment, ecological economics and sustainable development; computing, ICT and internet/web services, and related areas.

In this study, we implemented a real-time video avatar generation method using image processing and machine learning to develop a new advanced communication tool that enables information sharing and decision-making. Using the proposed method, users can easily send their real-time video avatars to the metaverse. We evaluated a questionnaire survey on 12 subjects to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed real-time video avatar generation method. This evaluation was conducted based on the sense of being in the same room, degree of concentration, degree of communication of non-verbal information, ease of timing utterances and naturalness of conversation for 12 subjects. The 12 subjects held discussions using video conferencing and our proposed metaverse conferencing systems with real-time video avatars and answered some evaluation questionnaires. The evaluation results revealed that our proposed metaverse conferencing system using real-time video avatars is superior to the video conferencing system in all evaluation items.

Applications can take advantage of virtual computation services independently of heterogeneity and locations of servers by using virtual machines in clusters. Here, a virtual machine on an energy-efficient host server has to be selected to perform an application process. In this paper, we newly propose a Simple Monotonically Increasing (SIM) estimation algorithm to estimate the energy consumption of a server to perform application processes and the total execution time of the processes on a server. We also propose an SMI Migration (SMIM) algorithm to make a virtual machine migrate from a host server to a guest server to reduce the total energy consumption of the servers by estimating the energy consumption in the SMI algorithm. In the evaluation, we show the energy consumption of servers in a cluster is reduced in the SMIM algorithm by at least 5% compared with other algorithms.

In recent years, the optical fibre communication technology has made great progress, but the traditional optical cable communication automatic control system still has environmental factors, such as interference signal attenuation, light signal dispersion and slow transmission speed. In order to solve the existing problems, this paper will be based on embedded technology design of optical cable communication automatic control system for optical fibre and optical cable communication. In order to test the effectiveness of embedded technology in the design of communication automation control system, the three indexes of anti-interference, signal transmission efficiency and control accuracy are evaluated. The final experimental results show that the average anti-interference score of the automatic control system based on embedded technology is 9.173, the average signal transmission efficiency is 9.6 and the average control accuracy is 93.62%, which has obvious advantages over the traditional optical fibre communication system. The design of optical cable communication automatic control system based on embedded technology has the advantages of high efficiency, reliability, flexibility, scalability and cost-effectiveness, which can improve the performance and availability of the communication system.