ABSTRACT: This review critically examines how global organizations influence national public policies in developing countries, with a focus on Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), World Health Organization (WHO), and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) impact domestic policymaking through financial conditionalities, technical assistance, policy diffusion, treaty-based obligations, and capacity-building initiatives. The analysis highlights both positive contributions—macroeconomic stabilization, governance improvements, public health strengthening, infrastructure development, and expanded trade opportunities—and negative consequences, including reduced policy sovereignty, financial dependency, social inequality, and institutional vulnerability. The study finds that the extent and effectiveness of external influence depend on domestic institutional strength, political context, and negotiation capacity. It concludes that developing countries must pursue balanced engagement strategies that integrate external support while safeguarding national priorities and ensuring context-specific policy adaptation.

ABSTRACT: The influx of Fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) networks all over the world has amplified the necessity to have efficient, precise, and scalable network design approaches. The planning of fiber networks traditionally has been based on the computer-Aided Design (AutoCAD) tools that are mostly manual, geometry-based and subject to human error. Although useful in small scale project development, these approaches cannot meet the growing complexity and data demands of the contemporary broadband deployment. The result is a paradigm shift in the industry toward design frameworks that are based on Geographic Information System (GIS) and data-driven design frameworks. Although the recent developments have been made, there is a considerable gap in research in the systematic comparison of the conventional CAD based work flows and intelligent, attribute-based GIS methods, especially on the efficiency of automation, splice loss modeling, and accuracy of capacity planning. This paper will seek to fill this gap by critically assessing the performances and results of the two design paradigms. The study uses comparative methodology of analysis, which incorporates literature synthesis, workflow benchmarking and simulation-based assessment. The significance of smart, data-driven design models is measured by the key performance indicators, such as design accuracy, design planning time, error rates, splice loss margins, and network scalability. The results prove that GIS-based and attribute-driven planning is much better than traditional CAD methods regarding automation, accuracy, and scalability. The intelligent design systems lower the planning time, provide less splice loss uncertainties, and allow proactive capacity prediction via data analytics and optimization algorithms. In practice, the research offers viable information to the network operators and planners who want to streamline their design procedures. Its findings help in strategic decision making to move towards smart planning platforms that ultimately would result in a high level of deployment efficiency, lower operation costs and the long run sustainability of a network.

The construction industry has recognized the urgent need to adopt sustainable design and constructability to mitigate the environmental impact of building projects. Sustainable design and green building aim to reduce resource consumption, minimize waste generation, and promote energy efficiency. The construction and building environment can play a pivotal role in reducing climate change by embracing and implementing sustainability principles and how to use contemporary technologies in the building sector. This paper addresses the key elements of green building, including energy monitoring, occupant engagement, intelligent building automation, predictive maintenance, renewable energy integration, and data analytics for energy efficiency enhancements, and highlights the benefits of adopting such practices in the building and construction industry.

Using Agentic AI in concert with AWS Full Stack Development, this study offers a technically solid and scalable method to securely process financial data. AWS Lambda for serverless computation, Amazon S3 for scalable storage, AWS Glue for data classification and transformation, Athena for SQL-like querying, and QuickSight for interactive visualisation comprise the fundamental elements of the system. While Agentic AI modules enable autonomous decision-making abilities to regulate data integrity, recognise abnormalities, and adaptably react to compliance violations, Custom AWS configuration rules are used for real-time compliance monitoring. Tight guidelines like PCI-DSS and GDPR enable secure cloud migration, improved auditability, and policy execution. These guidelines open the path for real-time, low-latency analytics on enormous financial data. Combining data-driven insight production with intelligent control will help to build a transparent and strong environment fit for modern financial activities, as the suggested approach shows.

ABSTRACT: Strategic Cost Management (SCM) is a key area of financial planning that enables companies to maximize the utilization of resources, enhance profitability, and reach long-term financial wellness. Differing from traditional cost-cutting, SCM integrates costing, budgeting, and decision-making as an essential part of an overall strategic framework. Techniques such as Activity-Based Costing (ABC), Target Costing, and Life Cycle Costing help organizations determine drivers of cost and align their cost structures with company objectives. SCM also helps in developing budget models, risk minimization strategies, and financial projections that help in ensuring sustainable business development. In spite of its strategic advantage, most companies persist in applying aged practices that only care about reducing costs in the short term at the expense of the long run. The benefits of tools like AI-based cost analysis and real-time financial surveillance are not tapped to their fullest potential, particularly among small and medium-sized firms (SMEs), due to resource inadequacies and skilled manpower deficits. This research delves into SCM's contributions to financial planning and decision-making and provides implementable recommendations to companies, finance professionals, and policymakers.

: The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is fundamentally reshaping the workplace, transforming both job roles and the nature of work itself. This article examines the multifaceted impacts of AI across various industries, highlighting the potential for job displacement as well as the creation of new roles, particularly in fields like data analysis and AI ethics. It emphasizes the importance of reskilling and the development of critical skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and digital literacy for future workers. Educational institutions and corporate training programs must evolve to meet these new demands, fostering a culture of lifelong learning. While the integration of AI promises increased productivity and enhanced job satisfaction, it also presents challenges, including job displacement, economic inequality, and ethical concerns around data privacy and algorithmic bias. The article concludes that adapting to AI's transformative effects will require a proactive approach to professional development, ensuring a balanced and inclusive workplace that leverages technological advancements while prioritizing human creativity and collaboration.

ABSTRACT: Medical device manufacturing is increasingly challenged by complex design requirements, stringent regulatory frameworks, and the need for cost-efficient production. Two established methodologies—Design for Manufacturability (DfM) and Quality by Design (QbD)—offer complementary approaches to addressing these challenges. DfM emphasizes optimizing product designs for efficient, scalable, and cost-effective production, while QbD provides a systematic, risk-based approach to embedding quality, safety, and regulatory compliance throughout the development process. Despite their strengths, these methodologies are often applied independently, which limits their potential to transform medical device innovation. This research proposes a synergistic framework that integrates DfM and QbD to optimize product development in medical device manufacturing. The framework is developed through a structured analysis of literature and regulatory practices, mapping the overlap of DfM and QbD within the stage-gate development process. The results highlight that combining these methodologies reduces time-to-market, lowers defect rates, improves compliance with international standards, and enhances human factors engineering. The integration further supports advanced manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing, immersive technologies, and combination products. The contributions of this research are threefold. Theoretically, it advances systems-thinking approaches by uniting design efficiency with risk-based quality assurance. Practically, it provides medical device manufacturers with a roadmap for balancing cost efficiency, compliance, and patient safety. From a regulatory perspective, it offers guidance on harmonizing design and quality frameworks across global markets. Ultimately, the integration of DfM and QbD is positioned not only as a best practice but as a strategic imperative for driving sustainable innovation in medical device manufacturing.

The insurance industry is undergoing a digital transformation, with customer engagement emerging as a critical differentiator. Dynamics 365 (D365) Customer Engagement, integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI), provides a powerful platform for insurers to enhance customer experiences, streamline operations, and improve profitability. This paper explores the application of AI-driven D365 solutions in the insurance domain, focusing on customer engagement, claims processing, and data-driven decision-making. We present a detailed methodology, including data collection and analysis, a case study, and a discussion of the advantages and limitations of this approach. The study demonstrates how AI-powered insights can optimize decision-making, personalize customer interactions, and improve operational efficiency. The findings highlight the transformative potential of D365 in the insurance sector.

The application of rubber powder in modified asphalt has garnered significant attention in the field of road engineering and materials science. This paper discusses the advantages and methods of pretreating rubber powder in the process of modified asphalt application, including thermal mechanical method, chemical method, microwave radiation method, supercritical fluid induction, and biological method. By breaking the sulfur cross-linking bonds of rubber powder, increasing its surface activity, improving its dispersibility and reactivity, rubber powder modified asphalt shows significant improvements in high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, storage stability, and anti-aging performance. Future research should focus on optimizing pretreatment technology, improving desulfurization efficiency, and enhancing economic and environmental benefits to fully leverage the potential of rubber powder modified asphalt.

ABSTRACT: Dogs are responsible for most fatal cases of human rabies (approximately 97%) worldwide. They are the primary vector of the virus in Africa. According to WHO estimates, approximately 55,000 people die from rabies each year globally, including 24,000 in Africa. This study aims to investigate a case of dog bite reported in the Medina-coura health area, Mopti health district, Mali. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study from July 10 to 19, 2025, on the reported case of a dog bite. Data entry and analysis were performed using Word and Excel 2007.Results: The dog bit her in several places, notably on her forehead, right hand, and left foot, leaving open wounds in some areas and minor bleeding. Faced with this serious attack, the patient went to a private clinic, which then recommended she go to the Mopti Referral Health Center for better care. Upon arrival, she received wound cleaning with liquid soap, followed by a first dose of the Verorab vaccine (0.5 ml) administered subcutaneously. Conclusion: The patient's care was provided, including community awareness campaigns on disease prevention measures