Surgery is considered as an integral part of any health system, comprising 30% of global burden of disease along with serious access problems and catastrophic payments across the world. More than 230 million major surgeries are done every year. Surgical innovations typically represent the greatest part of innovations in terms of their contributions to ensuring safer and high-quality care and thus saving lives in the field of healthcare management. Such innovations also contribute significantly to the knowledge society. Correctly identifying innovations in surgery and enabling them to be known and adapted by other surgeons is a critical concern for all stakeholders in healthcare. There exists no information on surgical innovations from a managerial perspective in Turkey. This study aims to explore how surgeons identify surgical innovations based on their real experiences of past surgeries using a semi-structured questionnaire distributed to surgeons in a major hospital chain in &#İstanbul, Turkey. The results shed light on recognising and evaluating surgical innovations provided by the practicing surgeons via a management perspective.

This study verified if the knowledge provides by global pipelines is absorbed by clustered firms contributes to minimising both local and clusters asymmetries. We studied one of the most important agricultural barns of Brazil, the fruit-growing cluster São Francisco River Valley (SFRV). It was a Case Study using the technique of Content Analysis through the ATLAS.ti software. A threefold data collection process enhanced the construct validity, allowing the triangulation of the sources and findings. The results showed that Global pipelines minimised the knowledge asymmetries among regions (macro level), but increase the asymmetries inside the cluster, among the firms (micro level). There are two mediating variables to increase the cluster innovation, the firm absorptive capacity and the information access. In the empirical level, the results showed that manager consultants are an essential figure in the SFRV, they are innovation hunters from global markets and provided the knowledge transfer to clustered firms.

The advancement of the digital technology and the rise of the knowledge economy have facilitated a growing practice of smart work - working anywhere and anytime. This study approaches smart work as a form of the sharing economy, with a central concern on its spatial disruption to inform planning implication, based on a case study of Canberra, Australia. The analysis combines spatial clustering of smart workers at small community level with the practice and perception of smart work. The results suggest an emerging spatial disruption of smart work on both land use and space use, which implies a need for some new planning thinking for urban-suburban relationship, infrastructure provision, localised economic development, and spatial reconfiguration for communities and spaces. This study also suggests a cautious and critical approach to sustainability aspirations, which have in part elevated the recent enthusiasm in smart work and the broader sharing economy.

This short communication contains a reflection on local entrepreneurial ecosystems and how to boost them, in the context of smart specialisation strategies of cities and regions. It is based on a literature study and inputs from ten member cities of the InFocus project (sponsored by the EU's URBACT programme), that exchange and develop knowledge about the development of smart specialisation strategies on the urban level. In September 2017, the network held a meeting in Turin, dedicated to the topic of promoting entrepreneurship ecosystems. The paper discusses several specific aspects of policies regarding entrepreneurship: the relation with smart specialisation approach, start-up promotion policies, fostering a culture of entrepreneurship, and the different development stages in entrepreneurship: Starting, scaling, and growing, with examples from cities in the InFocus network. Among other things, it concludes that a stronger alignment between the urban and regional policy levels is required to link the urban-focused start-up ecosystems to the regional industrial tissue.

The paper presents insights into the knowledge creation process in three Icelandic knowledge-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Data were obtained through a case study methodology...

The study aims to contribute to the current panorama of instruments that qualify cities by presenting an approach of sustainable goals and indicators. Insight from inhabitants about their cities reveal dimensions and attributes not captured by official indicators. The focus of this study is to define appropriate indicators for sustainability and smartness of cities according to their citizens, considering the idiosyncrasies of local contexts and less notable dimensions pointed out in earlier studies. The scale is based on consolidated metrics, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and the ISO 37120/2017, in association with the European Barometer and American Barometer. The CITYLIFESAT (City Life Satisfaction) scale was tested and validated in Southern Brazil through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and discriminant analysis. The results show that citizens' satisfaction is primarily linked to health and safety, well-being, recreation, public transport, walkability, social inclusion and participation, primary services, city attachment, and environment.

Knowledge sharing (KS) lies at the core of knowledge management and reflects employees' willingness to share valuable expertise. The benefits of KS have been documented in many settings, but its effectiveness varies considerably among organisations. This research sought, first, to identify healthcare workers' perception of the importance of KS practices and the way they relate to organisational performance. Second, this study focused on verifying the (in)existence of the mediation effects of job satisfaction and turnover intention in the relationship between KS and organisational performance. Two dimensions of KS were considered: informal (IKS) and formal (FKS). To model their effects on performance, job satisfaction and turnover intention were considered mediators. Measurements of these four latent variables were collected from a sample of Portuguese healthcare professionals and validated via confirmatory factor analysis. Path structural equation modelling was used to assess the direct and indirect relationships between the four variables. The results suggest that, while FKS increases job satisfaction, it also increases the perceived performance of healthcare professionals regardless of their satisfaction levels. Keeping sample limitations in mind, our preliminary conclusion is that investing in FKS is beneficial to healthcare services, favouring the retention of satisfied workers who value non-financial organisational performance.

The original global entrepreneurship monitor model predicts that the business activity at the national level varies with the general national framework conditions, while entrepreneurial activity varies with the entrepreneurial framework conditions (Reynolds et al., 2005). The aim of the national expert survey is to provide a general diagnostic approach to the entrepreneurship institutions that can be applied to any territorial level: as nation, region, city or others. It selects a representative sample of experts and asks them to make valuations on the target territory, using questionnaires. The global entrepreneurship monitor also provides the total early-stage entrepreneurship activity for the studied countries which is the percent of working age population both about to start an entrepreneurial activity, and that have started one from a maximum of three years and half. Therefore, this paper examines data collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2011 National Expert Survey Global Individual Level Data in order to assess the impact of the environmental variables on entrepreneurship. Results show that the variables entrepreneurial level of education at vocational, professional, college and university, research and development level of transference, physical infrastructures and services access and cultural, social norms and society support, have more impact in the total early-stage entrepreneurship activity.

Smart cities are designed to overcome problems that traditional cities face like the exponential increase of the population and related needs. Smart cities design is a relatively new research field that appeared with the concept of smart city. Unfortunately, it is a laborious and error prone task which suggests designers' expertise and adequate skills. To overcome this issue, we attempt to acquire expertise from existing strategies and projects about smart cities. For this end, we develop strategy ontology. The strategy ontology allows not only to formalise and conceptualise the strategy related concepts but also to analyse existing projects and strategies. We attempt thereafter to enrich it via automatic learning techniques. We use therefore automatic annotation of smart cities related documents. In addition to automatic annotation, we also use the ontology-based information extraction (OBIE) for ontology population and enrichment with new concepts and instances. The followed process is composed of five tasks: corpus construction, ontology population, ontology enrichment, ontology's consistency verification and ontology learning evaluation. The resulting ontology will allow sharing the gathered knowledge between people participating in the activities of smart cities design and thus learning from smart cities previous projects and strategies in order to create new ones.

Organisational development involves minimising internal transaction costs ('friction'). 'Self-interest seeking with guile' introduces friction raising internal costs and management control (in the sense of the control of management) introduces checks and balances to limit extensive 'guile', but control mechanisms themselves incur costs and ideally the costs for control should not exceed the costs of the friction. Costs are not well-quantified and if estimates occurring in case studies are seldom and often oblique. To obtain precise values scientific methods are needed. One computer model can predict outcomes of changes within organisations; this model shows the costs of 'guile' are small in the short term: One departmental manager blocking information flow reduced the financial performance organisation-wide by 1.4% in that department plus 1.2% elsewhere in the organisation. Two such managers reduced performance by 4.1% and four such managers reduced performance by 6.4%. Guileful behaviour also added instability at size over 150 employees.