Dadih, a traditional fermented milk product from West Sumatra, Indonesia, is recognized for its rich community of beneficial probiotic bacteria, cultivated through natural fermentation in bamboo tubes.This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Dadih using molecular techniques, specifically 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to evaluate their probiotic potential.Samples were collected from Lima Puluh Kota Regency.Probiotic candidates were selected based on their ability to withstand gastrointestinal stress conditions, including exposure to pH 2.0 and 0.3% bile salts.Safety and efficacy were assessed through antibiotic resistance profiling, while antibacterial activity was tested against pathogenic strains, including Salmonella, Propionibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Listeria monocytogenes.Among the isolates, strain MD1 exhibited strong probiotic properties, demonstrating 92.58% survival under bile salt conditions and 75% survival at low pH.It showed resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and penicillin, and intermediate resistance to tetracycline.PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene using primers 27F and l1492R yielded a 1,485bp product.Molecular analysis revealed a 97% sequence similarity between isolate MD1 and Levilactobacillus brevis.These findings suggest that Levilactobacillus brevis from Dadih holds significant probiotic potential.Its resilience under gastrointestinal conditions and antimicrobial activity against foodborne and clinical pathogens indicate promising applications in both human nutrition and animal product processing industries.As a natural microbial resource, it offers a sustainable alternative for enhancing food safety and supporting gut health through functional fermentation.This study highlights the importance of preserving traditional fermented foods as untapped reservoirs of novel probiotic strains for biotechnological innovation.

Varroosis, a parasitic disease caused by Varroa destructor, continues to pose a serious threat to global apiculture by undermining honey bee (Apis mellifera) health and productivity.The mite not only feeds on the fat body tissue of bees, impairing metabolic and immune functions, but also transmits several pathogenic viruses, including deformed wing virus and acute bee paralysis virus, contributing significantly to colony collapse disorder.While the morphological characteristics of Varroa mites have been studied in various countries, there is a notable lack of ultrastructural data from Indonesia.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the surface morphology of Varroa mites from Indonesian Apis mellifera colonies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Mite specimens were collected from a commercial apiary in Central Java using the powdered sugar method.Subsequently, they examined under highresolution SEM at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory, Universitas Gadjah Mada.The findings provided detailed ultrastructural descriptions of the gnathosoma, pedipalps, chelicerae, apotele claws, dorsal and ventral shields, ambulacra, and peritreme.Distinct morphological features were documented, including the bidentate cheliceral structure and dual clawed apotele, which are crucial for feeding and host attachment.This descriptive study offers a comprehensive morphological baseline for Varroa destructor in Indonesia, serving as a valuable reference for mite identification, diagnostic support, and future comparative acarological research.The insights gained may also inform local surveillance efforts and the development of targeted control strategies within Indonesian apiculture.

Plant-based feed is the primary protein source in poultry nutrition.It includes legume seeds, cakes and meals.White lupine is of particular interest, as its seeds contain up to 35% protein, but its use as feed is limited by the presence of alkaloids.This study evaluated the effects of white lupine protein concentrate as a dietary replacement for soybean meal in quail feed.Three groups of quail chicks at the age of 10 days were formed.The experiment lasted 38 days.Double-decker cages were used to keep birds in accordance with zootechnical standards.All the birds had free access to drinking bowl and feeder.Quails of all groups received factory-prepared compound feed (PK).Birds of the first group were fed compound feed (95%) and extruded soybeans (5%) (Positive control).Instead of soybeans, the diet of quails from the second group consisted of extruded seeds of the white lupine equivalent in protein.The third group of quails was fed lupine concentrate obtained by enzymolysis of extruded seeds of the white lupine.Observations of the survivability, physiological state, live weight dynamical changes in quails, and feed consumption were made in the course of the experiment.A positive effect on the growth dynamics, live weight ga in and meat productivity of quails was observed after replacing extruded soybeans with white lupine processing products in the compound feed.Quail receiving compound feed with lupine protein concentrate had carcasses with breast and leg muscle weight higher by 19.63% and 10.63%, respectively (P0.05).The use of lupine feed additives did not have a negative effect on the physiological status and blood composition of quails.Compared with the control, the blood of quails that received lupine additives had hemoglobin and hematocrit levels higher by 9.8% and 3.7%, 21.8% and 7.6%, and decreased level of creatinine and bilirubin, urea, uric acid, liver enzymes, such as gamma -glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).The feasibility and economic efficiency of using lupine additives is confirmed by the fact that the consumption of compound feed per unit of live weight gain of quails in the second and third groups was reduced by 3. 5% and 8.5%, respectively.Feed additives based on extruded and fermented white lupine seeds can be an alternative to soy products in feeding poultry, in particular quails.

The Pasundan breed is native cattle from West Java, Indonesia, that the farmers keep as beef cattle.This study aimed to detect the paternal lineage of Pasundan bulls inferred from the partial sex determining region Y (SRY) gene.The blood samples of Pasundan bulls (20 heads) and frozen sperm (straw) of Ongole grade bulls (10 heads) were used for DNA extraction analysis.In the present study, Pasundan and Ongole grade bulls were kept at the breeding station.The results showed that a g.15264C>T mutation point was detected in the SRY gene of animals under study.This mutation was shown as the genetic marker to classify them into Indicine and Taurine lineages.In conclusion, Pasundan cattle in this study have two paternal lineages of Bos indicus (80%) and Bos taurus (20%).

Inguinal hernia is a rare condition in cats, characterized by the protrusion of abdominal organs through the inguinal canal.A 5-year-old pregnant Persian cat (3.1kg) presented with right inguinal swelling and rectal prolapse for four days.Examination revealed tachypnea, tachycardia, and a palpable hernial ring.Hematology revealed leukocytosis and mild anemia.Ultrasonography and radiography confirmed intestinal entrapment and fetal death at approximately 45 days of gestation.The surgery included rectal repositioning, ovariohysterectomy, and herniorrhaphy.Postoperative care included systemic antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole), meloxicam, immunomodulators, topical antimicrobials, and wound care.The purse-string suture was removed on day 5, and the skin sutures were removed on day 11.By day 15, the cat had entirely recovered with normal defecation.This case highlights the diagnosis and successful surgical management of a concurrent inguinal hernia, rectal prolapse, and fetal death in a pregnant cat.

The development of vaccines against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) has become pertinent due to the inability of current IBD vaccines to provide full protection.This study aimed to inactivate and evaluate the efficacy and safety of inactivated vvIBDV in broiler chickens.An aliquot of the virus was inactivated by the Binary Ethylene Inime (BEI) method, checked for sterility, and stored at 4 C.Sixty-day-old commercial broiler chickens were grouped into A (non-booster), B (booster), and C (control).Groups A and B were inoculated with 10 7 EID50/0.2mLinactivated vvIBDV subcutaneously at day old.Group B received a booster dose on experimental day 14 while Group C was uninoculated.On day 28, challenged Groups A, B, and C were separated from Groups A, B, and C respectively, and challenged with a pathogenic vvIBDV field strain of 10 5 EID50/1.0mLvia eye drops (0.2mL) and orally (0.8mL).No clinical manifestation was observed in all groups.Chickens in the booster group showed increased body and bursa weight; bursa: and body weight ratio post-challenge.The bursa of Fabricius for all the non-challenged groups appeared normal grossly and histologically.The challenged control group (CCH) showed moderate-severe to severe bursa lesions, indicating a positive vvIBDV infection.Bursal lesion scoring of the challenged booster group was significantly lower (P<0.05)than the other groups.The control-challenged group recorded the highest antibody titer while the booster group had the least, indicating protection.The booster group also had the least viral shedding among all challenged groups.These findings suggested that the inactivated vvIBDV vaccine candidate was safe and efficacious in chickens and could be a good vaccine candidate against vvIBDV in chickens especially when boosted after 14 days.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid bioslurry supplementation in feed on the growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in a floating net cage (FNC) system.The experiment was conducted from June to September 2024 in the waters of Makassar, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four concentrations of liquid bioslurry: A (33.33mL/100g of feed), B (66.66mL/100g), C (100mL/100g), and D (133.33mL/100g), each with three replicates.Observed variables included absolute growth, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, and body composition (crude protein, fat, fiber, ash, and nitrogenfree extract).The results showed that the addition of liquid bioslurry had a significant effect on the growth and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia (P<0.05).Treatment C (100mL/100g of feed) produced the best results in terms of absolute growth, feed efficiency, and body protein content.Quadratic regression analysis indicated that the optimal dosage of liquid bioslurry ranged between 95-105mL/100g of feed.In addition, water quality remained within acceptable ranges for aquaculture throughout the study period.The use of liquid bioslurry as a feed additive shows potential as an economical, environmentally friendly supplement that supports the principles of the circular economy in aquaculture.These findings highlight the opportunity to utilize livestock waste as a natural probiotic source in Nile tilapia farming.