Objective: This study measures the quality of recovery for patients scheduled for elective surgery and compares general and spinal anesthesia on the QoR-15 score. Method: prospective, parallel, cross sectional study in which 160 patients with class I, II ASA status were scheduled for elective abdominal surgeries. 80 patients received general anesthesia, while 80 patients received spinal anesthesia. After acquiring informed written consents, the Kurdish version of the QoR-15 score questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and 24 hr postoperatively. Result: In 160 patients, Spinal anesthesia is better than general anesthesia regarding a 24-hour postoperative total QoR-15 score median (124 versus 114.5), respectively, with a p-value of 0.008. Males had a significantly better postoperative quality of recovery, and obesity had a negligibly opposite effect. Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is better than general anesthesia for abdominal surgeries in terms of early quality of recovery as tested by the QoR-15.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the patterns and surgical management strategies of combined esophageal and gastric chemical burns, with a focus on the types of gastric involvement and appropriate surgical interventions based on the stage of injury. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted based on clinical experience from the Department of Esophagus and Stomach Surgery at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov. A total of 247 patients with post-burn cicatricial strictures of the esophagus and stomach (PBCSES) were examined and treated between 1990 and 2022. The extent and location of gastric injuries were categorized, and surgical approaches were evaluated based on the timing and severity of the burns. ResultsAmong the 247 patients, the distribution of combined gastric lesions was as follows: isolated pylorus involvement in 24 cases (9.7%), antrum in 51 cases (20.6%), both pylorus and antrum in 143 cases (57.9%), body of the stomach in 7 cases (2.8%), antrum and body in 11 cases (4.5%), subtotal gastric involvement in 4 cases (1.6%), and total gastric involvement in 7 cases (2.8%). Combined damage to the esophagus and stomach, with predominance of one organ, was observed in approximately 50% of cases. Conclusion Surgical intervention for early-stage chemical burns is generally limited to symptomatic and supportive treatments due to incomplete scarring. In contrast, late-stage burns may be amenable to radical surgical procedures, provided that the patient's nutritional (alimentary) status is adequately maintained. In cases of compromised nutritional status, symptomatic surgical approaches remain the primary option.

Objectives: The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the discriminative ability of vitamin K markers for predicting, monitoring, and a prognosis of severity patients of Covid -19 . Methods: In this case-control study, a maximum of sixty patients (30–50 years old) were included. The patients' diagnoses were made using quantitative RT-PCR and a chest X-ray or CT scan performed seven to thirteen days after the onset of symptoms. Murray ratings were utilized to categorize COVID-19 patients based on the severity of their illness. (60) individuals of the same age and gender who appeared to be in good health were included in this study as a control group in order to compare the outcomes. The measurement of serum vitamin K was applied to all patients and healthy individuals. Results: The group of COVID-19 patients had a lower serum vitamin K level (612.32 ± 106.76 vs. 1198.95 ± 151.59 ng/ml, p = 0.0001) than the healthy control group. Furthermore, we discovered a negative correlation between serum vitamin K levels and COVID-19. Conclusion: The current findings showed that, when compared to healthy controls, patients with COVID-19 had decreased vitamin K levels, particularly in severe cases. These low levels suggest that COVID-19 patients may be more likely to die. These results imply that vitamin K may be involved in the COVID-19 disease processes.

Objective: This study aoimed to assess STIGMA's effect and knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine on COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: The research design is cross-sectionall with consecutive non-random sampling. The method used is a questionnaire-based survey given online. The questionnaire included respondent characteristics, history of COVID-19 vaccination, stigma, and factors that influenced the COVID-19 vaccination. The data were exported from the Google form to Microsoft Excel version 16.57 for cleaning and coding, and analysis with SPSS 25.0. Variables were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests (95% confidence level and p-value 5%). Correlation using the Spearman test (r is significant if > 0.001) and the odds ratio (OR) of the two variables. Results: The study was attended by 291 respondents aged 15-59 years, 51.9% worked in the health sector, and 48.1% were the general public. Perception regarding knowledge of COVID-19 shows that 79.7% know and 20.3% don't know. 95.5% of respondents knew about the COVID-19 vaccine program, and the remaining 4.9% did not know. Respondents who had received vaccinations were 97.3%, and 2.7% had not been vaccinated. Factors related to the STIGMA of the COVID-19 vaccine were work in the health sector (p=0.001, r=0.200), knowledge of COVID-19 (p=0.001, r=0.195), and knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine program (p=0.000, r= 0.221). Factors related to receiving vaccinations were knowing the COVID-19 vaccine program (p=0.000, r=0.574) and the STIGMA of the COVID-19 vaccine (p=0.000, r=0.225) Conclusion: Implementing the vaccination program will be successful if the community has good knowledge about vaccines and does not have a STIGMA for vaccines.

Objectives: Evaluate the surgical success and postoperative hearing outcome of type 1 tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft in its wet versus its dry fashion.
 Methods: A prospective randomized comparative study which was conducted in Sulaimanyah otorhinolaryngology & head and neck surgery centre between October 2018 and November 2019 on patients with sign and symptom of tympanic membrane perforation who underwent type1 tympanoplasty in 2 groups in whom wet graft used in one group, and dry graft used in the other group, these patient followed up after 3 month for graft take and postoperative hearing.
 Results: Of the 29 patients included in the study in 15 of them dry graft used and the graft take was 86.7% and in 14 of the wet graft used and the take rate was78.6%, postoperative mean hearing gain was 14.07 dB in the dry graft group and 12 dB in the wet graft group, all cases in both group had improvement in hearing (P value= 0.001), but neither wet nor dry was better than the other (P value=0.345). Graft take and hearing gain in different site and size of perforations were not significant, graft take rate was 100% in small size and 50% in subtotal perforation, hearing gain was 14.50 dB for subtotal perforation and 9.50 dB in small size perforation, mean time of wet graft group with 75.36 minutes were shorter significantly than the dry graft with 95 minutes with (P value=0.001).
 Conclusion: The Nature of the temporalis fascia not affect the outcome type 1 tympanoplasty, and temporalis fascia is a good graft material regarding the success rate and hearing gain, however the wet Temporalis fascia graft use may shorten the operation time.

Objective: This aims to explore the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Palestinian students in universities, and their relationship with sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, psychosocial factors, and physical activity level. Methods: A total sample of 1243 students, 772 (62.1%) females and 471 (37.9%) males, were included in the final analysis. The nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements and dietary habits. Weight status was defined according to BMI WHO cut off points. Anxiety, stress, and depression were assessed using Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. A short form of the Arabic version of IPAQ questionnaire was used to assess physical activity level. Results: The results revealed that obesity prevalence was 3.3% and overweight was 16.10% among the students. Obesity was significantly more common among males, and those who are studying scientific specialization. Weigh status was significantly related to anxiety (p<0.05). Among the psychosocial factors, students with normal weight had significantly higher anxiety scores than obese or overweight students (p<0.05). Obesity and overweight were significantly associated with lower self-satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity and overweight was low among the study sample. In spite of this, there is a need to promote intervention educational programs to improve their lifestyle in terms of physical activity and dietary habits.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the descriptive characteristics of children diagnosed with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at Fallujah Maternity and Children Hospital (FMCH).
 Methods: The prospective study included 1,025 pediatric patients born between 1st December 2018 and 30th September 2022, admitted to the newborns and children's wards, and diagnosed with CHD. Data were collected through interviews with patients' guardians using a registration and questionnaire form, capturing variables related to the child (e.g., name, sex, birth weight, type of CHD) and the mother (e.g., age, occupation, consanguinity, previous CHD births, chronic diseases during pregnancy). Residence (rural or urban) was also recorded.
 Results: Among the CHD cases, Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) was the most common (72%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (25%) and Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) (21%). Most diagnoses occurred in children aged 1-28 days. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1, and 0.2% had an ambiguous gender. About 58% of children weighed ≥ 2.5kg at birth, and 20% had a family history of CHDs.
 Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of congenital heart diseases in Fallujah requires preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors, better monitoring of high-risk pregnancies, and increased awareness of genetic counseling for families with congenital anomalies. The cardiology department should receive more attention and resources to improve diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Further research is needed to understand the reasons behind the recent rise in CHD cases in newborns.

Objectives: Endolimax is a protozoan genus belongs to Amoebida order. The member of this genus occurrence in a vast range of vertebrate and invertebrate, but the species of this genus are not well studied. This review aimed to provide an updated list and some summarized information on Endolimax species, which were identified in human and animals up to the 2023.
 Methods: The present study was carried out to evaluate the Endolimax species with a broad review of the literature, books and electronic databases such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar until 2023. The hosts, pathogenicity, synonyms and distribution of valid species were considered and recorded.
 Results: Totally 20 defined species of Endolimax were found. Among them, only 12 species of Endolimax have been accepted as valid species. The valid species arranged by the host, including 1 species in human, 2 species in rodents, 1 species in birds, 2 species in reptiles, 1 species in amphibian, 4 species in arthropod and 1 species in fishes.
 Conclusion: Intensive studies are needed in order to identification of other new and valid species in different animals and their characteristics.