Genetic factors contribute to impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility. Variants in spermatogenesis genes can increase susceptibility to defects in sperm production. Sperm-associated antigen 16 (SPATA16) plays a key role in Golgi-derived acrosome formation during spermiogenesis. This study investigated whether SPATA16 gene (rs1515442 T/C) polymorphisms are associated with oligozoospermia in an Iraqi cohort. 125 infertile oligozoospermic men were compared to 125 normozoospermic fertile controls. Semen volume, sperm concentration, and motility were significantly reduced in the infertile men. The SPATA16 polymorphism rs1515442 variant (T/C) was genotyped using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. This technique was employed to compare the infertile oligozoospermic men and fertile controls. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between groups. The TC heterozygote and CC homozygote genotypes were significantly more prevalent in infertile than fertile men (TC: 15.2% vs 2.4%, p=0.0006; CC: 5.6% vs 0.8%, p=0.0339). The C allele frequency was also significantly higher in infertile men (13.2% vs 2%, p=0.0001). Both infertile oligozoospermic males and fertile controls were evaluated for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) genotype frequencies for SPATA16 (rs1515442). Both groups showed significant variations from HWE, suggesting possible underlying genetic or population-specific causes of the noted link between the SPATA16 polymorphism and male infertility. This study found an association between SPATA16 gene (rs1515442 T/C) variants and oligozoospermia, suggesting this polymorphism may confer susceptibility to impaired sperm production and male infertility. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the findings.

The technological development and the radiation use in various fields, industry, medicine, agriculture, scientific research, etc., and getting on the principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) in protection radiation, shielding is one of the important protection rules, representing placing different materials between the radiation sources and the object to reducing the intensity of radiation and protected. Samples of composite materials were prepared with different reinforcing elements and epoxy as the fundamental substance. BeO, MgO, TeO3, and Bi2O3 with various ratios 10, 20, 30, and 40% with diameter 2.5 cm and high 2 cm were prepared to study the effect of these materials on the Half Value Layer (HVL), Tenth Value Laye (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) as examples of attenuation coefficients, in addition to basic coefficients linear and mass attenuation. These parameters were measured using sodium iodide system NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy (2"×2") after irradiation with gamma ray at energy 661 keV from the radioactive source Cs-137. The results showed that these coefficients are affected by the addition of reinforcing materials with epoxy and lead to attenuation of gamma-ray intensity. The linear attenuation coefficient was increased with an increase in the atomic number and ratio of the reinforcing materials. At the same time, the (HVL) decreased, proving the availability of using some composite as gamma-ray shielding.

The upregulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) channels in the cell membrane promotes malignant cell migration, proliferation, and invasive capabilities. The translation inhibition of AQP3 mRNA in the 3̍-UTR of AQP3 crucial for reducing the synthesis of AQP3 channels and preventing or lowering breast cell migrations and proliferations. Promoter markers such as hypoxia inducible factor one alpha (HIF-1α), tumor suppressor protein (p53), and estradiol (E2) are associated with the progression of breast mass disease and also induce the AQP3 expression. The aim of this study is to investigation the possible association of SNP (rs16919255) in 3̍-UTR of AQP3 gene with the intracellular levels of HIF-1α, p53, and E2. Sixty–five breast tumor tissues (0.7-1g) were collected from adult female patients aged between 18-80 years admitted at Al-Hussein Teaching hospital and AL-Haboubi Teaching Hospital. These samples were classified in two groups according to the tumor histopathological examination results, 21(32%) were malignant tissue with intensive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC: NOS) and the other 44 (68%) were benign diagnosed as fibroadenoma. Tissue samples were washed with phosphate buffer saline for intracellular detection of HIF-1α, p53 and E2 levels using the ELISA technique, and were prepared for molecular analysis of SNP rs1691955 in the 3̍-UTR AQP3 by PCR. Intracellular levels of HIF-1α, p53 and E2 levels were elevated in patients with IDC as compared to those with fibroadenoma. The molecular analysis of AQP3 SNP (rs16919255) revealed a 33% high occurrence of rs1691955 SNP in malignant case of IDC: NOS, whereas only one case (2%) in the fibroadenoma group exhibited this variant. Additionally, there was non-significant difference in these parameters between groups having rs16919255 variant and those without this SNP. The occurrence of rs1691955 SNP in 3̍-UTR AQP3 gene didn’t associated with the levels of intracellular promoters HIF-1α, p53 and E2 hormone.

This paper presents a hybrid machine learning model to analyze user behavior patterns in educational mobile applications for engagement frequency, session lengths, and interaction events. The new model combines Decision Trees and Neural Networks into a unique system that predicts learning outcomes accurately rather than deviating toward accuracy-guided prediction models. The research data has been collected over the past six months with approximately 10,000 middle school students aged 12-15 using the educational app, all of which contributed to a dataset of 50,000 user sessions. So extensive data collection was, as discussed in the Data Collection section, that it enabled our model to outperform standard methods such as logistic regression, k-NN, and support vector machines at an accuracy of 91 percent. This approach can be applied to app design to personalize learning experiences and teacher training approaches, focusing on the frequency of engagement and range of interaction diversity. The findings will facilitate the development of enhanced, student-centered educational apps, while personalized learning environments will provide useful information to the developers and educators on optimizing use for learning in mobile educational App development.

The most significant challenges in the advancement of cancer therapies including the adverse effects of chemotherapy, the emergence of drug resistance, and tumor metastasis, represent the major factors in therapies. In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising paradigm in drug delivery technology. This study utilised the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with bromelain (AuNPs-Br) and bromelain (Br). The AuNPs were synthesised using the Turkevich method, followed by the loading of bromelain onto these nanoparticles. Characterisation of the gold nanoparticles was conducted using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The anticancer activities were assessed through MTT cytotoxicity assays, in vitro migration assays (wound healing assays), and apoptosis detection via flow cytometry in the MCF-7 cell line and normal REF cell line. The growth inhibition of the cell line exhibited a time and dose-dependent manner. Notably, AuNPs-Br demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, which also exhibited apoptotic events. These findings suggest potential synergistic therapeutic benefits for cancer treatment and targeted delivery strategies in human breast cancer. It's important to consider that while these findings are promising, further research and clinical evaluations are necessary to fully understand the mechanisms, effectiveness, and safety of these treatments

Chloroxylenol is widely used in hospitals and other healthcare facilities to reduce the growth or the microbial load of pathogens. What’s more, biofilms are a major challenge in treating P. aeruginosa infections. The genes of PslA and pelA in two operons encode two polysaccharide polymers present in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa, Psl and Pel, respectively. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of chloroxylenol to the inhibition of the P. aeruginosa biofilm. Here, the intensity of biofilms was determined by the crystal violet and microtiter plate method, whereas the RT-qPCR technique was adopted to illustrate the effect of chloroxylenol on the expression of the pslA and pelA genes. The results showed that chloroxylenol suppresses the formation of biofilms and reduces the expression of both studied genes. As a result, chloroxylenol had inhibitory activity over P. aeruginosa biofilm via downregulating the pelA and pslA genes.

Aerial photogrammetry offers the insights necessary to guide projects, and it is a powerful tool for civil and construction engineers. Using rapid computer vision (C.V.) photogrammetry development, structure from motion (SfM) algorithms became an integral part of the photogrammetry technique. Integrating SfM algorithms and photogrammetry through the so-called print-grammetry technique allows the creation of real-world 3D models, avoiding the need for site visiting and fieldwork. This study aims to assess three print-grammetry scenarios for capturing screen images from the Google Earth (GE) Pro using various camera orientation settings to follow these advancements. Images were captured automatically, allowing the user to set the image size and interval time for screen image capturing. The outcomes model for individual scenarios was classified into three categories (buildings, corridors, grass area) and inspected with a reference 3D model generated by photogrammetry. The results show that images captured from the nadir have a minimal mean and standard deviation across classes of the outcome models. However, images captured at a 45° orientation angle in the north-south path and a 0° orientation angle in the east-west path achieve average values compared to other scenarios. The outcomes indicated that capturing oblique images obtained the highest STD values compared to vertical images, demonstrating a lower accuracy level than scenarios captured by truly vertical images. On the other hand, reference point errors and point density provide essential insights in evaluating individual scenarios. Scenario A presents the lowest rate of errors; however, scenario B dominates in point density and is therefore suitable for large areas due to more data collection in a shorter period. Scenario C, on the other hand, displays a high error rate and low score, which reduces accuracy and efficiency.

Due to its high solubility and unpredictable behavior, gypsum content is significantly challenging in engineering tests and agriculture processes. Another crucial element is that it causes long-term groundwater pollution and impacts buildings. This study explores the distribution and characteristics of gypsum soil in Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq, integrating field sampling, remote sensing techniques, and GIS tools. The land cover of the research area (27,751 km2) was classified into four types: 15% bar soil, 40% structures, 16% vegetation and agricultural fields, and 8% water bodies. Gypsum content was measured using the Al-Mufty approach, while reflectance indices interpolation techniques, such as the Bar Soil Index (BSI) and the inverse distance weighted, were applied to map the distribution of gypsum. The results revealed gypsum concentrations ranging between 12.9% and 68.75% with associated SO3 levels of 6.13% to 32.73%. Flat, low-lying areas exhibited higher gypsum and SO3 concentrations, with spectral reflectance values of 0.01-0.5, aligning with the United States Geological Survey standards. Elevation models showed gypsum distribution primarily between 53 and 248 m above sea level. Slope and aspects analyses indicated gypsum presence in regions prone to water evaporation and distant from groundwater. Reducing on-site engineering testing by adding GIS and remote sensing tools to complement field engineering work contributes to reducing the use of equipment and transportation services and lowering time, cost, and efforts, significantly enhancing sustainable development. This study bridges a research gap in exploring the distribution of gypsum soils and associated technical and environmental challenges by integrating engineering tests with geographical information systems and remote sensing indicators. This enriches the literature, informs decision-making, and promotes sustainable development.

We consider linear decreasing deteriorating of processing times of jobs on single machine, i.e., P_(i )=Ƥ_(i )-β_(i ) t_(i ), 〖0<β〗_(i )<1 and 〖t 〗_(i )≥0, where P_(i ) is actual process, Ƥ_(i ) is a basic process for job i , β_(i ) is decreasing rate , t_(i ) is a starting time of job i with n- jobs, non- preemptive, no - idle on a single machine. We study some classical criteria as make span, total completion time, total lateness times, total waiting times, maximum lateness times and maximum tardiness times, important conclusion dependent on the decreasing rate of expected of basic process of jobs with respect to its decreasing rate when a basic process is random variable in general case.

Gallstones, also known as cholelithiasis, pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. While some people have recovered from typhoid fever, chronic infection with Salmonella typhi bacteria can lead to serious complications, including the development of gallstones and gallbladder cancer. This research investigated the epidemiology of S. typhi-infected gallstones related to interlukin-37. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 125 cases of individuals aged 15 - 80 years, who visited the Erbil and Rizgari Teaching Hospitals and had their gallbladder removed. Gallbladder specimens and blood samples were collected to measure IL-37 using an ELISA assay. Additionally, an antibiogram test was performed. The study found that 101 patients (80.8%) cases had bacterial-infected cholelithiasis, while patients 24 (19.2%) did not show infection. Among these, 93 (74.4%) cases had other bacteria, while 8 (6.4%) cases had S. typhi in the gallbladder divided into gallstones 5 (4%), bile 1 (0.8%), and gallbladder tissue 2 (1.6%) cases. S. typhi forms biofilm on cholesterol gallstones more than pigment and mixed stones. The most infected age group 36–45 years were 32.8% cases, mostly females from urban areas. In 125 patients, the mean IL-37 level was 104.12 pg/ml compared with the control was 63.64 pg/ml. S. typhi was sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem, meropenem, and fosfomycin, while resistant to another traditional antibiotic. In conclusion, S. typhi is more frequently found in gallstones than in the bile or gallbladder tissue in cholelithiasis patients, specifically in cholesterol-type gallstones. Most affected patients were females aged 36–45 years from urban areas. While S. typhi resistant to traditional antibiotics, it remains sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Elevated levels of IL-37 can reflect the presence of gallstones and indicate infected gallstones with S. typhi.