Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired endothelial function. Ticagrelor treatment improves antioxidant properties in addition to its antiplatelet effects. This study investigated the impact of Ticagrelor treatment on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and other biochemical parameters in PAD patients. It also evaluated the potential diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of specific biomarkers based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Seventy individuals were categorized into healthy control (n=40), baseline PAD patients not on Ticagrelor (B-PAD, n=30), and same PAD patients after treated with Ticagrelor (A-PAD, n=30). Parameters measured included SOD concentration/activity, oxidized protein levels, serum trace elements, and other biochemical parameters. PAD patients showed elevated oxidized protein level and reduced SOD concentration and activity versus control group. Ticagrelor improved antioxidant status in PAD via SOD upregulation and reduced protein oxidation. Parameters of oxidative stress/antioxidants exhibited potential for PAD screening, diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of treatment response using the diagnostic metrics derived from ROC analysis.

This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in children residing in Kirkuk, Iraq. DNA was extracted from 64 stool samples that had tested positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts via microscopic examination. The extracted DNA was then analyzed using 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of parasite in rural community (65.6%) compared to urban community (14.17%). Whereas, non-significant differences were observed in the rate of infectivity in male (50%) as compared to (29.7%) in female. The results also revealed significant differences between infectivity rate and age groups (P=0.004). In contrast, the use of the PCR system demonstrated that this technique is a more specific and sensitive method for the detection and identification of protozoan parasites like Cryptosporidium. Overall, the results confirmed that C.Parvum was frequently the species demonstrated in Kirkuk.

Along the Tigris River is the study area between Baghdad and Kut cities using ten water samples, the current study assesses the pollution caused by heavy metals in water (two samples from drainage water and Eight samples from surface water the water collected from the shore by skimming the surface) on the 4th of November 2023. The heavy element analysis of the study area's water samples revealed that the water had been polluted with high concentrations of these elements (Pb and Cd). The amounts of heavy metals increased as the river flowed southward. This is related to the reduction in the water level of the Tigris River and the frequent discharge of various pollutants, which have led to an increase in pollution. Organic, and the spread of various chemical pests, an increase in the concentrations of different types of pollutants, whether from hospital pollutants or direct sewage, hospital pollutants are deemed more dangerous due to the potentially pathogenic substances they carry, treatment plant failure to follow wastewater filtration standards, wellbeing, besides rapid population growth rates, The influence of heavy elements found in water on people when exposed to them in high concentrations or over an extended time. However, these metals have no harmful impacts because the concentrations of (Cr, Fe and Cu) in water samples are within both Iraqi and WHO acceptable levels.

Assume that R is any ring with identity and M is a unitary left R-module. This work introduces the Rad_J-Supplemented module with respect to the fully invariant submodule it is denoted by (FI-Rad_J-Supplemented) and ⨁-Rad_J-Supplemented modules with respect to the fully invariant submodule (denoted by FI-⨁-Rad_J-Supplemented modules). As well as the main features of these modules in this work, and various properties of these modules. Also, we defined weakly FI-Rad_J-Supplemented modules as an extension of the FI-Rad_J-supplemented modules and we explain the relationship between them using notes and examples.

Stumpff functions are an infinite series that depends on the value of z. This value results from multiplying the reciprocal semi-major axis with a universal anomaly. The purpose from those functions is to calculate the variation of the universal parameter (variable) using Kepler's equation for different orbits. In this paper, each range for the reciprocal of the semi-major axis, universal anomaly, and z is calculated in order to study the behavior of Stumpff functions C(z) and S(z). The results showed that when z grew, Stumpff functions for hyperbola, parabola, and elliptical orbits were also growing. They intersected and had a tendency towards zero for both hyperbola and parabola orbits, but for elliptical orbits, Stumpff functions exhibited unstable behavior, with distinct, insignificant peaks disappearing as z increased. In comparison to other published studies in this section, the results showed good agreement.

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) provide a framework for dealing with a variety of large-scale multi-objective problems (MOPs) in the field of evolutionary algorithms, when applied to different problem types. Although computational strategies for dealing with nonlinear regression problems are difficult to apply, we used the gravity search algorithm and combined it with these regressions to estimate and interpret the parameters. Estimation parameters for nonlinear regression and gravitational search algorithm (EPNGSA), enabling us to access them consistently. Estimating the nonlinear estimation parameter using general estimating equations. It is necessary to use Chebyshev's strategy in the leader recruitment procedure, which leads to tackling (MOP) based on the Gravity Search Algorithm (GSA) and at the same time may lead to quick results. When building a leader library, the concept of dominance is crucial because it allows leaders, they choose to include less dense regions, thus producing an estimated Pareto front with a large diversity, which reduces global optimization challenges. The used and new method showed its effectiveness and was closer to the solution compared to other algorithms. This result was obtained using six standard nonlinear functions. GSA appears to be more productive than both Practical Swarm Optimization PSO and Bat Algorithm BAT.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represents one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for food poisoning because of its capacity for producing staphylococcal enterotoxin. The main goal of this investigation was to determine the presence of S. aureus and evaluate its enterotoxin genes in randomly selected food handlers from different restaurants and cafeterias in Baghdad City, Iraq. A total of 325 nasal swabs were collected from healthy food handlers and examined for the presence of S. aureus and classical enterotoxin genes. The strains were determined using confirmatory biochemical, morphological, and molecular (nuc gene) techniques. Five Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, including sea, seb, sec, sed, and see, were screened using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Out of the 325 samples, 30.15% harbored S. aureus pathogens that were confirmed by the existence of nuc gene in all isolates. 46.93% of isolates were positive for one or more classical genes. 22.44% of these isolates harbored a single enterotoxin gene. The prevalent single gene was sea (9.1%), followed by seb (6.1%), sec (4%) and lastly, sed (3%). The see gene was not observed in any of the isolates. 14 (14.28%), 6 (6.1%) and 4 (4%) exhibited two, three, or four genes, respectively. The sea + seb (5.1%) and sea + sec (4%) were the most frequent combinations. The current data conclusively demonstrated a high rate of enterotoxigenic S. aureus nasal carriage among the food handlers studied. Thus, comprehensive and continual evaluation of hygienic protocols and infection prevention plans is strongly recommended. Finally, nasal decolonization could be one of the most effective ways to minimize staphylococcal food poisoning and protect restaurant customers.

The study seeks to assess the efficacy of utilizing a Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) as an alternative to conventional methodologies for 2D coordinate transformation. Converting the previously used reference system in Iraq to the global system is one of the main requirements that play a main role in various applications requiring the standardization of geographic referencing for different data, including geospatial applications, remote sensing, image processing, and more. This necessitates researching and finding the most suitable methods to ensure high accuracy in the results. The Karbala 1979 (Clark 1880) of the Iraqi national geodetic network and the Iraqi Geospatial Reference System (IGRS) were currently used as geodetic reference frames in Iraq. In the context of transitioning between the local system (Karbala 1979) and the global system, specifically IGRS (ITRF2000 at epoch 1997.0), a crucial procedure involves the conversion of two-dimensional (2D) coordinate data. This conversion employed the BPANN method and conventional techniques such as affine and polynomial. The outcomes derived from the BPANN methodology are juxtaposed against those from the affine and polynomial methodologies. The findings reveal that the effective implementation of each approach within this study is contingent upon the spatial arrangement of the control points leveraged to develop the transformation model. Additionally, the root mean square error (RMSE) of BPANN ranging from 3 to 5 cm closely aligns with the outcomes achieved through affine and polynomial methods.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as crucial components of 5G Internet of Things (IoT) networks, expanding coverage and capacity in various applications. While prior research has extensively examined the impact of power control factor adjustments on UAV uplink transmission, limited attention has been devoted to UAV downlink transmission, which is vital for seamless connectivity and quality of service. In this study, we address this research gap by investigating the effects of reduced power control factors on UAV downlink transmission. We use MATLAB simulations to model how user equipment (UE) is randomly placed in a UAV network. We then check the coverage probability and spectral efficiency for UAV altitudes between 200 and 500 m, taking into account different power control factors in the downlink transmission. Our findings show that a certain threshold of 0.05 for the power control factor keeps coverage probabilities at different heights, making sure that served UEs have enough signal strength. Surprisingly, there is no significant change in spectral efficiency when compared to the baseline results. This means that lowering the power control factor does not hurt spectral efficiency in UAV downlink transmission. These results help us figure out how to make UAV communication work better in 5G IoT networks. They also help us make smart choices about how to change the power to make up for lost downlink signals while keeping the quality of service high. Moreover, our study lays the groundwork for future research in UAV deployment and communication optimization within advanced wireless networks.

Psoriasis is a common, persistent papulosquamous skin illness that affects people of all ages and has a high societal and personal burden. It is associated with various serious medical conditions like depression, psoriatic arthritis, and cardiometabolic syndrome. Interleukin-36a (IL-36a) is a key molecule in inflammation, coordinating the activation of critical pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. The current study involved 84 Iraqi psoriatic patients (PoS) and 67 healthy controls. Real-time PCR and sequencing techniques were used to evaluate the gene expression and polymorphism of two SNPs (rs2305152 A/C and rs895497 G/A) of the IL-36a gene. The findings revealed that the IL-36a gene was up-regulated in psoriatic patients (1.29 [IQR: 1.12-1.55]) compared to healthy individuals. When we looked at how IL-36a gene activity varied based on specific genetic variations, only rs2305152 had a significant effect; the CC genotype was associated with significantly higher expression compared to the AA genotype (2.12 [IQR: 1.57-3.47] vs. 1.15 [IQR: 1.04-1.47]; p = 0.009). The genotypes of the SNPs showed that the AC genotype of IL-36a SNP rs2305152 (A/C) and GA genotype in rs895497 (G/A) presented a significantly amplified incidence in patients with psoriasis in comparison with the healthy control, and the associated OR values were 17.91 and 0.10, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium value of SNP rs2305152 (A/C) was p-HWE = 0.033 in PsO. The haplotypes (rs2305152 A/C and rs895497 G/A) of the IL36A gene showed high significance. The results showed that the linkage disequilibrium values of IL-36a SNPs rs2305152 and rs895497 had a correlation coefficient value of R2 = 0.09 and an LD coefficient value of D' = 0.68, indicating that certain genetic variation (AC for rs2305152 and GA for rs895497) were more common in psoriasis patients compared to the control group, suggesting a potential association with the condition. This study suggests that the genetic variation rs2305152 (A/C) in the IL-36a gene may play a role in the risk of psoriasis.