The Mundakkttu Scale-Dependent Emergent Law (SDEL) Theory proposes a unified conceptual framework for understanding reality across physics, mathematics, life, consciousness, and ethics through a single foundational principle: interaction. The theory argues that laws of nature are not eternal or universal entities, but emergent, scale-dependent regularities arising from stable patterns of interaction. From this standpoint, spacetime, matter, mathematics, life, meaning, and moral order are not fundamental substances but structured outcomes of coherent energy interactions operating at different scales. The framework is formalised through thirty-four axioms organised in a hierarchical structure. At the ontological ground lies Truth Energy (Singularity), the invariant totality from which all differentiation emerges. Interaction generates structure; structure stabilises into laws; laws give rise to universes, complexity, cognition, and value. As scales change, laws form, evolve, and dissolve. No law, theory, or ideology is absolute; only interaction is eternal. SDEL integrates established scientific domains rather than replacing them. Classical mechanics, quantum theory, evolutionary biology, mathematical systems, and ethical norms are treated as locally valid, scale-bound descriptions within broader interaction regimes. This resolves long-standing conflicts between reductionism and holism, determinism and emergence, and science and philosophy by reframing unification as coherence across scales rather than the search for a single final equation. The axiomatic structure further extends to mathematics and consciousness, introducing scale-dependent formalisms that model coherence, information flow, and experiential states, and proposing a general principle of positive interaction as the basis for ethical stability. By replacing law absolutism with interaction primacy, the SDEL Theory offers a meta-theoretical foundation capable of harmonising cosmology, complexity science, cognition, and value theory within one consistent framework. The thirty-four axioms collectively present an open, non-dogmatic system intended to evolve alongside future scientific discovery.

This study explores the impact of AI on fashion shopping habits among Gen Z, focusing on personalized recommendations, virtual try-ons, and chat box interactions. It examines how AI-driven features influence purchasing decisions, brand loyalty, and overall shopping experience. The research analyse the role of data privacy, algorithmic biases, and ethical AI practices in shaping consumer trust and satisfaction. Findings indicate that AI-powered personalization enhances consumer engagement, increases conversion rates, and fosters brand loyalty. However, concerns regarding data privacy and algorithmic biases present challenges to widespread adoption. The study provides insights into the future of fashion e-commerce and the importance of responsible AI adoption. By leveraging AI responsibly and prioritizing consumer trust, companies can drive sustained customer loyalty and competitive advantage. The research highlights the need for transparency, consumer control over data, and ethical AI practices in the fashion industry.

The rapid expansion of digital financial services has led to an exponential increase in online transactions, making financial fraud one of the most critical challenges for banks, fintech companies, and payment gateways. Traditional fraud detection methods, including rule-based systems and conventional machine learning algorithms, often fail to detect sophisticated and evolving fraudulent patterns due to their limited ability to process large-scale, high-dimensional, and dynamic datasets. To address these challenges, this study proposes a Hybrid Deep Neural Ensemble for Intelligent Financial Fraud Detection, integrating multiple deep learning models into a unified framework to enhance detection accuracy and robustness. The ensemble leverages the complementary strengths of different neural network architectures to effectively capture transactional patterns, temporal dependencies, and anomalous behaviours. By aggregating predictions from multiple models, the proposed approach reduces false positives and improves overall system reliability. The framework further incorporates advanced feature engineering, data preprocessing techniques, and real-time monitoring for timely identification of suspicious transactions. Experimental evaluation on benchmark financial datasets demonstrates that the proposed hybrid model significantly outperforms traditional machine learning and standalone deep learning models in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, and overall detection rate.

Child rights are essential for protecting children’s safety, dignity, and healthy development. Adolescence is a stage of life during which awareness has strong influence on attitudes and behaviour. School plays an important role in imparting knowledge about child rights to students, but studies have shown that despite the presence of legal provisions, there is limited understating among children about their rights. In support of this concern, Bhattacharya (2018) pointed out that although India has strong child protection laws, many children are not fully aware of their rights and often realises them only after experiencing violations. In this context, the present study analyses the extent of awareness about child rights among secondary school students in Mangalore city. The study employed a Descriptive Research design and utilised a semi structured questionnaire to collect data from100 students, who were selected from both government and private schools. The result indicates that most students were aware of child rights, but there was difference in the depth of understanding among them. This finding is also similar to Chowdhary (2019) who observed that awareness exists at a basic level, but deeper knowledge regarding legal provisions and structured guidance remains limited. Well-established awareness about child rights was observed in female students and students in higher classes. On the other hand, some misunderstandings were found, particularly regarding the legal definition of a child. The result indicates the requirement to strengthen child rights education through a regular classroom where there will be active teacher guidance which helps students to develop a more accurate understanding.

Guppies are considered as a good model for studying pesticide toxicity because of their sensitivity to various pollutants. Pesticides can affect the behavior of guppies, including their locomotor activity and avoidance responses. Guppy studies can help assess the impact of pesticide contamination on aquatic ecosystems. Since urea (carbonyl diamide) is a widely used in agriculture industry, rain fall leads loss of urea content into river or stream which causes production of ammonia in water. The high concentration of urea may cause physiological disruptions, behavioral change and even death in fishes. Pesticide contamination in aquatic environments can also pose risks to human health through the consumption of contaminated fish. The objective of this study is assessment of toxicity of urea on guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Different concentration of urea solution was added to the four experimental sets. One control set is maintained to analyse the effect of urea. It is clearly seen that at higher concentrations, the number of fish died is more. Observation of behavioral response of Guppy were conducted in control set and experimental sets throughout the experimental period. Numbers of fish died in the time period prescribed by the test were used to determine the mortality percent and lethal concentration. The acute toxicity of urea at relatively low concentrations highlights the need for careful management of fertilizer near aquaculture sites.

The increasing trend of e-commerce has resulted in a radical shift in the shopping habits of consumers, and online flash sales have emerged as a popular marketing tool to attract consumers with exclusive deals and discounts. Online flash sales generate buzz and have a significant influence on the shopping habits of consumers by utilizing online platforms and the psychology of consumers. The research paper, “A Study on the Impact of Online Flash Sales on Consumer Buying Behaviour in Coimbatore City,” intends to examine the effects of flash sales on the attitudes, preferences, and decision-making patterns of consumers. It intends to concentrate on comprehending the relevance of demographic factors, consumer awareness, and participation behavior of consumers in Coimbatore. The research paper intends to highlight the increasing relevance of flash sales in the contemporary retail environment by evaluating marketing strategies, preferred platforms, and product types.

Raibania Fort represents one of the most extensive yet understudied medieval fort complexes in eastern India. Situated near the Subarnarekha River along the Odisha–Bengal frontier, the fort is traditionally attributed to the Eastern Ganga dynasty, particularly to Langula Narasingha Deva I (r. 1238–1264 CE). This article reconceptualizes Raibania not merely as a military installation but as a fortified frontier landscape integrating hydraulic engineering, administrative infrastructure, sacred space, and ecological adaptation. Drawing upon Persian chronicles such as the Ain-i-Akbari, regional historiography, archaeological survey data, GIS-based spatial modelling, and environmental analysis, the study situates Raibania within the longue durée of eastern Indian frontier politics. The article argues that Raibania embodied a militarized political ecology, where architecture, water management, ritual sovereignty, and border defense converged. The paper concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for interdisciplinary archaeological excavation and digital documentation to reposition Raibania within broader debates on medieval state formation and fortified landscapes in South Asia.

This study examines consumer behaviour towards online shopping in Coimbatore city, focusing on factors such as convenience, price comparison, product variety, payment security, delivery efficiency, and customer service. A survey of online shoppers reveals a high level of satisfaction with the ease of access, time savings, and availability of multiple brands and offers. However, the study also identifies areas for improvement, including product quality assurance, return and refund policies, delivery reliability, and data security concerns. Trust, affordability, user-friendly platforms, and effective customer support are found to be key factors influencing consumers’ online purchasing decisions. The study provides valuable insights for e-commerce companies to enhance service quality, improve customer satisfaction, and strengthen consumer loyalty in the Coimbatore market.

This paper examines the emergence and development of Romanticism in Santali poetry, moving beyond the framework of Western Romanticism to explore its indigenous aesthetic and cultural roots. In Santali literary discourse, Romanticism is understood as Ramajan, a concept that emphasizes emotional intimacy, imagination, and a deep relational bond between human beings and the universe. The study traces the origins of Romanticism in Santali poetry from the publication of Baha Dalwag (1936) by Paul Jujhar Soren, the first Santali poetry collection, to its expansion in the post-independence period through poets such as Sarada Prasad Kisku, Gorachand Tudu, Panchanan Marandi, and Dr. Krishna Chandra Tudu. By analyzing selected poetic texts, the paper highlights how imagination, dreams, nature, nostalgia, and emotional longing shape Santali Romantic expression. The study argues that Santali Romanticism developed organically from folk traditions and indigenous worldview rather than merely imitating Western literary movements.

Yoga mudras and bandhas are essential for harmonizing the body, mind, and spirit, making them profoundly important in our lives. Bandhas, which are internal muscular locks, help regulate and enhance energy, fortifying the body, stimulating internal organs, and preparing individuals for deeper meditation whereas, mudras, are subtle hand gestures that assist in redirecting and balancing the flow of prana (life energy), calming the mind, enhancing focus, and promoting physical healing. When used together, mudras and bandhas create a powerful synergy that not only boosts emotional stability and physical well-being but also opens pathways for spiritual growth and self-awareness, offering a comprehensive approach to living with inner peace, vitality, and harmony. Physical fitness is a crucial component of health, enhancing physical strength, endurance, and cardiovascular wellness. This, in turn, reduces the risk of various diseases, elevates mood, and improves daily functioning. The present qualitative review study aims to established the role of traditional Indian Bandhas and Mudras on optimising physical Fitness and overall health of an individual. The findings of the study revealed that bandhas and mudras act as supplement to improve health, physical fitness and overall quality of life along with other physical activities.