Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major global health concern, particularly for healthcare workers (HCWs) who are at increased risk due to occupational exposure. This study evaluates nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in implementing TB infection control measures in hospital settings across Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, India, Gabon, and Malaysia. Despite the availability of preventive measures, their inconsistent application due to inadequate training, resource shortages, and systemic challenges continues to hinder effective TB control. Identifying these gaps is crucial for improving infection prevention strategies. Purpose: This study aims to assess nurses' KAP regarding TB infection control, identify critical gaps in their understanding and practices, and highlight the need for targeted interventions such as in-service training, resource allocation, and stigma-reduction efforts. Methods: A literature review was conducted on studies published between 2020 and 2024 using the PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria focused on studies involving nurses in hospital settings that discussed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TB prevention. The 340 articles identified, 29 articles met the eligibility criteria after applying strict exclusion criteria for duplicate and non-empirical publications and studies that did not specifically focus on nurses in hospitals. To ensure accuracy and credibility, the included studies were assessed using the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) to minimize the risk of bias. Results: Findings revealed substantial gaps in nurses' knowledge and infection control practices, despite generally positive attitudes. For instance, many incorrectly relied on surgical masks instead of N95 respirators. Inconsistencies in infection control were linked to inadequate training, resource limitations, and high workloads. Conclusion: Addressing these deficiencies through structured training, improved resource distribution, and stigma-reduction strategies is essential to enhance TB prevention efforts in hospital settings.

Background: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a serious threat in tropical regions, including Indonesia, with a significant increase in cases. Purpose: The spread of this disease is influenced by community cultural factors and behaviours related to environmental sanitation. Cultural differences between rural and urban communities affect dengue prevention efforts. Through the measurement of the House Index (HI) and Container Index (CI), the relationship between community behaviour and mosquito density can be determined. Methods: This study analysed the influence of community cultural factors on the movement and breeding behaviour of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Malang Regency. Using a quantitative analytical observational design (cross-sectional), the research was conducted in three subdistricts with the highest DHF cases: Dau, Kepanjen, and Singosari. Results: The results showed that family support for DHF prevention was generally positive but not significantly related to mosquito density (p = 0.796). Conversely, community leader support showed a significant effect (p = 0.044), as residents were more obedient to local leaders’ guidance. Community leaders play a crucial role in dengue control, while family involvement needs to be strengthened through education and active participation. Conclusion: Nurses are advised to empower families and collaborate with community leaders in implementing the 3M Plus movement and culturally based education to reduce mosquito density and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever cases.

Background: Adolescents often experience low reproductive literacy and poor mental health, which can lead to risky behaviors, early sexual debut, unintended pregnancy, and psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Innovative approaches are needed to provide engaging and effective health education. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of two educational games, SafeSteps (mobile) and LifeCycle (board game), on adolescents’ reproductive health literacy and mental health. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied with 266 participants divided into the two intervention groups (n=133 per group). Data on reproductive literacy and mental health (SDQ) were collected using validated questionnaires before and after the intervention. Paired t-tests and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to measure within- and between-group differences. Results: Both SafeSteps and LifeCycle significantly improved adolescents’ reproductive literacy, attitudes toward sexual violence, and mental health (p < .001). The SafeSteps group showed a significantly greater increase in reproductive literacy (mean D=17.3) compared to the LifeCycle group (mean D=13.4; F=13.84, p < .001). SafeSteps also yielded stronger gains in attitudes toward sexual violence (p < .001). Crucially, improvements in mental health were comparable between the two groups (F=1.46, p=0.228). Conclusion: SafeSteps (mobile) yielded stronger gains in cognitive and attitudinal outcomes, while both game modalities equally improved mental health. These findings recommend that policymakers and educators should integrate a hybrid approach combining scalable digital games with collaborative board-based sessions into school-based programs to ensure comprehensive and effective adolescent health promotion.

Background: Certain training programs, like Basic Life Support training, must change to comply with the new social and physical distancing policies. Health care workers, including nursing students, may benefit from Virtual Simulation, instruction, in order to help them meet the Basic Life Suppport competencies. Therefore, innovation in learning methods through virtual simulation is needed to provide interactive and realistic learning experiences, as well as to enhance students’ knowledge, clinical skills, critical thinking, and self-confidence before entering clinical practice." Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of virtual simulation as a learning approach for Basic Life Support among nursing students. Methods: The literature search was conducted across several databases, including Google Scholar, databases including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed, covering studies published between 2019 and 2023. A total of 4,725 articles were initially identified. After title screening (N = 2,310) and abstract evaluation (n = 703), 75 full-text articles were reviewed. Finally, 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Both English and Indonesian language publications were considered, following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Demonstrates the emergence of a new virtual simulation learning model that is combined with video-based instruction. During the course of the eight-hour intervention up to two weeks, several indicators of improvement were noted, including resiliency, self-efficacy, understanding, attitudes, skills, and ability to perform resuscitation. In addition, three articles with statistically significant results indicate that the mixed model is more effective when combined with e-learning websites and computer-based simulations. Three articles discuss that, out of the four blended learning models, the most effective parameter is the understanding capacity. Conclusion: This indicates that BLS training should utilise a virtual simulation learning model that takes infrastructure, facilities and training modules into consideration.

Background: The 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SGI) found that the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia was 24.4%, exceeding the global prevalence of 22.2%. The prevalence of stunting in Central Java Province in 2022 was 20.9%. The percentage of stunted toddlers in Surakarta City in 2022 was 1.87%, an increase compared to 1.39% in 2021. Based on 2018 data from the Surakarta Health Office, the highest incidence of stunting was found at the Sangkrah Community Health Center (Puskesmas), at 3.35%. Stunting in children is often caused by inadequate nutritional intake for preconception adolescents during the first 8,000 days of life. One sign of inadequate nutrition is anemia in adolescents. Anemia can be prevented by regularly taking iron supplements (TTD) from adolescence. Purpose: To evaluate iron supplement administration among adolescent girls in Surakarta City. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods design. The study population was junior high and high school students in the Sangkrah Community Health Center (Puskesmas) area. Participants were 150 female students selected using cluster sampling. The first stage involved hemoglobin (Hb) testing and measuring the girls' knowledge and adherence to iron supplement administration using a questionnaire. The second stage involved focus group discussions (FGDs) with health workers from the Surakarta City Health Office, teachers, and junior high and high school students. Quantitative data were analyzed using product-moment correlation, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The human resources involved in the iron supplement administration program at this school complied with the Anemia Prevention and Control Guidelines. The iron supplement distribution program has been implemented by the Surakarta City Health Office since 2022. Iron supplement distribution is carried out by 2-4 individuals. Most respondents in this study were compliant with iron supplement administration (73.3%). There was a significant relationship between iron supplement adherence and hemoglobin levels, with a p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: The iron supplement program for adolescent girls has been running well. Monitoring is conducted by the Sangkrah Community Health Center every three months, and the majority of girls are compliant with iron supplement consumption.

Background: Posyandu is a form of Community-Resourced health effort that is managed, by and for the community to empower it and make it easier for the community to obtain health services, especially in the reporting system carried out by village midwives and cadres. Purpose: Analyzing the satisfaction of officers and cadres with the Family Posyandu Reporting System using (Si Lina Gesit) Google Spreadsheet online information system at the Klampis Community Health Center. Methods: Type of experimental research: pre-post test One Group Design, sampling technique with purposive sampling, sample size of 44 officers and cadres analyzed statistically using the Wilcoxon test. Results: There are differences in the Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy indicators between before and after the intervention was given, apart from that, based on the Wilcoxon Test analysis on satisfaction, the P value was (0.000) < α (0.05). Conclusion: There is a difference in satisfaction between before and after the intervention was given to cadres at the Klampis Community Health Center.

Background: Families who care for patients with schizophrenia are still considered negative experiences. Families are less able to find new, positive meaning when caring for patients with schizophrenia. This condition increases the family's and patient's burden as well as the inability of families to care for patients with schizophrenia. Purpose: This research aims to identify relationships between exploring the new meaning of caregiving with the family's ability to take care of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 135 families who were caregivers of patients with schizophrenia was selected using purposive sampling techniques. The questionnaire exploring the new meaning of caregiving was developed from the concept of integrative empowerment and the family's ability to care for schizophrenia from the Barthel Index questionnaire and the Caregiving Tasks in Caring for an Adult with Mental Illness Scale (CTiCAMIS). Data analysis used Spearman rank correlation with alpha 5%. Results: This study's result is that the family's ability to explore new meanings of care is still in the sufficient category, both in the family aspect of having responsibility, the ability to assess positive aspects, acceptance of caring situations, and the family being part of the healer. Meanwhile, families' ability to care for patients with schizophrenia is still lacking to help with social interaction and productive skills. Conclusion: There is a relatively strong and unidirectional relationship between exploring new meanings of caregiving and the family's ability to care for schizophrenia (p-value=0.000; rho=0.311). Nurses must train family skills to explore new meanings through family empowerment programs.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a condition in which the mother has a hemoglobin level below 11 gr% in the first and third trimesters, and a level below 10.5 gr% in the second trimester. Most anemia in pregnancy is caused by iron deficiency and acute bleeding. Purpose: The effectiveness of giving ambon banana, avocado and honey juice to increase hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Methods: True experiment with pretest and posttest control group design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling obtained a sample of 34 respondents, namely 17 control and intervention groups. Analysis using the Independent t-test. Results: The Independent t-test statistical test resulted in p=0.001<0.05, meaning there was an influence of Ambon Banana, Avocado and Honey juice on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Conclusion: Giving ambon banana, avocado and honey juice is effective in increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Bananas contain iron which will stimulate the production of hemoglobin in the blood. Avocados have important nutrients, namely vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, iron, folic acid, potassium and quite high levels of calories and fat which are useful as a source of energy. Honey contains important minerals which help form hemoglobin.

Background: A person's anxiety due to an illness is one of the causes of hypertension or an increase in blood pressure above the normal limit in all age groups. Hypertension that is not recognized and is not treated immediately can cause various kinds of comorbidities. Therefore, apart from pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological therapy is also needed to reduce anxiety and blood pressure and improve the quality of sleep for hypertension sufferers. Purpose: The aim of this research is Explain the influence of Combination Of Spiritual Benson Relaxation and Lavender Aromatherapy (SBR-LA) on anxiety, sleep quality and blood pressure in hypertension patients. Methods: This research is quantitative research that uses a quasi-experiment research design with a pretest - posttest control group design approach. The entire population of hypertension patients in TNI AL Dr.Oepomo Hospital many as 97 people. The sample size was 44 respondents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The research independent variables are: Combination Of Spiritual Benson Relaxation And Lavender Aromatherapy (SBR-LA) and the dependent variables are anxiety, sleep quality and blood pressure. Analysis used the paired t-test with a significant p value <0.05. Results: The results of research using the paired t-test show that there is an effect of giving The Effect of the Combination of Spiritual Benson Relaxation and Lavender Aromatherapy (SBR-LA)which is significant for anxiety with p value = 0.000, sleep quality with p value = 0.000 and systolic blood pressure p value = 0.000, diastolic blood pressure p value = 0.000. Conclusion: The Effect of the Combination of Spiritual Benson Relaxation and Lavender Aromatherapy (SBR-LA) Effectively reduces anxiety levels, improves sleep quality and lowers blood pressure in hypertension patients. This technique is very easy to do, so it can be applied as a nursing intervention in inpatient rooms to develop nursing knowledge in hospitals.