Abstract The rise of Islamic civilization marked a significant transformation in global history, replacing the dominance of the Persian and Roman Empires with an extensive rule spanning half of Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe in a remarkably short period. This study employs historical research methods structured through four critical steps: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. It aims to explore the interconnected processes of conquest, cultural assimilation, and the flourishing of knowledge by analysing the key mechanisms and sociopolitical factors that facilitated these developments. Unlike previous studies, this research highlights the direct impact of cultural assimilation on scientific, technological, and economic advancements in Islamic civilization. Specifically, it investigates how the integration of local traditions with Islamic principles contributed to the development of algebra, medicine, optics, engineering, and economic models, many of which laid the foundation for modern disciplines. Additionally, this study highlights the pivotal role of Islamic history as a catalyst for innovation, demonstrating how early Islamic societies developed sophisticated trade networks, advanced industrial production methods, and innovative financial institutions that significantly influenced global economic structures. By providing new insights into the mechanisms through which Islamic civilization absorbed and enhanced existing knowledge systems, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of its enduring legacy in shaping modern scientific and economic thought.

Abstract This research investigates the issue of financial waste and its social effects during the reign of Caliph Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz (99-101 AH), a pivotal period in the history of the Umayyad state. Within just thirty months, Caliph Umar successfully implemented reforms to eliminate financial waste, resulting in significant positive changes in the social and economic fabric of the state. Despite thorough searches in historical, cultural studies, and modern databases, no prior research has specifically addressed the topic of financial waste and its social impacts during Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz’s rule, highlighting the unique contribution of this study to the Arab and Islamic scholarly literature. The study explores how Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz effectively reduced financial mismanagement, focusing on the extent of waste before his reforms and the improvements that followed. The research further examines the methods used by Umar to eliminate waste, the challenges he faced, and the long-term benefits of his actions for the subjects of the Umayyad state. Employing a descriptive, analytical, and critical methodology, this research synthesizes classic and contemporary historical sources, offering a comprehensive analysis that enriches existing knowledge on the financial practices and social reforms during the Umayyad period.

Abstract The Rambang manuscript, a mid-nineteenth-century Javanese text written in Javanese and Arabic Pegon script, represents a significant work of Kejawen (Javanism) Islamic literature. This study investigates the manuscript's articulation of Sunni Sufi thought, influenced by al-Ghazālī, through discussions of divinity, cosmos, and humanity. This study employs textual analysis to examine the Rambang manuscript, focusing on its intellectual content, cultural context, and historical significance. Identifying these values was possible because the Rambang Manuscript has been translated from Javanese and Arabic Pegon into Latin script and simultaneously into Indonesian. Results show that the Rambang Manuscript demonstrates intellectual negotiation between orthodox and heterodox Sufi traditions in Indonesia, particularly Java. It attempts to address sectarian conflicts during the Islamization of Java in the 15th and 16th centuries. The text showcases the adaptation of universal Sufi doctrines to local cultural idioms, reflecting indigenous intellectual sophistication. The Rambang Manuscript provides significant contribution to the making of tolerant Islam in Java, offering an intellectual foundation for moderation, reconciliation, and social harmony. These findings contribute to the broader debates on Southeast Asian Islam, highlighting the historical roots of moderation and tolerance in contemporary Javanese Muslim life.

Abstract This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the historical trajectory of Islamization in the Nusantara, with a focus on tracing key scholarly contributions and academic trends over time. By applying advanced bibliometric methods, this research systematically examines a broad array of academic literature, identifying seminal works, prominent authors, and influential periods that have shaped the discourse surrounding Islamic propagation and its integration into the cultural fabric of the region. The findings highlight significant trends in the evolution of da’wah strategies, the roles of diverse actors in the dissemination of Islam, and the socio-political dynamics that have influenced these processes. Furthermore, the study offers a critical assessment of the implications of these academic patterns for contemporary da’wah efforts, suggesting that an understanding of historical scholarly contributions can enhance the relevance and effectiveness of modern da’wah initiatives. This bibliometric approach not only enriches the academic landscape of da’wah and Islamization studies but also provides a nuanced framework for future research, contributing to a more profound understanding of the Islamic historical and intellectual legacy in the Nusantara.

Abstract This research aimed to investigate the dynamics of the development of Islamic civilization in Iran by exploring the complex relationship between Islam, history of Persian civilization, and impact of the Western embargo. Iran is the successor of the rich Persian civilization and has experienced significant social, political, and economic transformations since the Islamic revolution in 1979. Historical methods and contextual analysis are used to detail the development of Islam in Iran, especially in the context of Persian history. This covers the glorious period of Persian literature, art, and policy. Iran possesses an extraordinary influence in shaping world history and civilization. In addition, this research discusses the impact of the embargo imposed by Western countries in changing the economic and political dynamics of Iran. The results show that the integration of Islamic economic principles, such as social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and sustainability, has been important in the response of the country to the embargo. The interplay of Persian cultural heritage and Islamic values is reported in shaping national identity and strategic methods. A multidisciplinary theoretical framework is used to combine historical analysis, cultural analysis, and political economy theories. The method allows a comprehensive examination of religion, history, and geopolitics intersection in shaping the unique trajectory of Iran as a great Islamic civilization. By combining historical, cultural, and political analysis, this research is expected to provide a better understanding of Islam in the development of civilization, as well as the impact of Western embargo on internal and external dynamics. The results contribute to academic thinking about the interaction between religion, history, and geopolitics in the context of Iran.

Abstract This article seeks to elucidate the marginalization of uang panai within the Bugis-Makassar culture, as addressed in the islamic ruling (fatwa) issued by the MUI of South Sulawesi. Furthermore, it aims to provide a critical examination and potential solutions to enhance the significance of uang panai in contemporary Bugis-Makassar society. The central thesis posits that local culture functions as a socially constructed choice, with its continuity reflecting tangible benefits for its adherents. This study employs a literature review methodology, utilizing the MUI fatwa of South Sulawesi Province, Number: 02 of 2022, concerning Uang panai as the primary source for analysis. It is further explored through a sociocultural lens and informed by critical discourse analysis. The findings indicate that the MUI's fatwa has shifted the nature of uang panai from being obligatory (binding) within Bugis culture to merely permissible (non-binding). The status of uang panai, which is culturally akin to bride price, is positioned by the MUI as subordinate to bride price, reducing it to a mere complement. These varied perspectives held by the MUI exemplify the marginalization of uang panai, a cultural element that warrants preservation. Therefore, it is imperative to foster collaboration among diverse stakeholders to uphold the essence, value, and significance of uang panai. As a recognized authority in Islamic jurisprudence, the MUI must play a leading role in establishing partnerships with relevant parties, particularly traditional leaders and the Bugis-Makassar community, given that the issue of uang panai is fundamentally cultural rather than religious, having existed since the pre-Islamic era.

Abstract The quest for revival, civilizational renewal, and the establishment of a robust civilization has been a central theme for the nation over the past decades. Many scholars and intellectuals have enriched this dialogue, offering diverse perspectives. Among the most impactful contributors to revivalist thought are Sayyid Qutb and Malek Bennabi, each proposing unique approaches. This study explores Qutb’s and Bennabi’s respective visions for the concept and components of civilization. It further analyzes the intellectual, methodological, and practical similarities and distinctions between their approaches to theory-building. Using an analytical-deductive approach, the study examines each thinker’s perspective on civilization and employs a comparative framework to highlight areas of convergence and divergence. Findings show that both thinkers reject adopting ready-made models, advocating instead for an integration of moral and material dimensions as foundational to civilization. However, their intellectual emphases differ significantly: Qutb’s approach is doctrinally focused, while Bennabi’s is grounded in social structures. Methodologically, Qutb’s perspective has a literary style, whereas Bennabi’s is scientific. Practically, Qutb favors a revolutionary approach, while Bennabi advocates for a dynamic, interactive model that may be more feasible to implement.

Abstract This study was an investigation of the relationships between Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq, editor of the al-Jawaib (Circulating News), an Arabic newspaper published in İstanbul, his son Selim Faris, and the Ottoman authorities, utilising only Ottoman archival documents, in particular, the Presidential Ottoman Archives (BOA) between 1859 and 1887. Since this paper is the initial one of many, the complete biography of Ahmad Faris and the content analysis of al-Jawaib were not discussed, but only the relevant issues within the aforementioned period. And it also explored the partial life of Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq. Although the editor and his newspaper are well-known, certain aspects of the relationship between Ahmad Faris and the Ottoman authorities in the Ottoman archival document have yet to be elaborated on. This brief study examined the correspondences between Ahmad Faris and the Ottoman authorities descriptively without delving into details. Since these archival documents were generally intact, it seemed to be worth analysing in this article. Before studying the journalistic and intellectual contents and contexts of the al-Jawaib, it would be valuable to see the development of the relationship between Ahmad Faris and the Ottoman authorities. Several fundamental questions come to mind, and it is believed that the answers to these would be helpful in comprehending other aspects in the later stages of the al-Jawaib publication of almost 25 years. This research-based paper applied historical archival study with an interpretative approach.

Abstract This article sheds light on Angelika Neuwirth’s perspective on the Late Antiquity of Prophet Abraham in the Qur’an. Neuwirth examines the connections between the Qur’anic, Jewish, Christian, and pagan traditions, considering the development of religions and the collapse of the Roman civilisation in Europe during the Late Antiquity. She aims to foster dialogue between scriptures, highlighting the shared history of the Qur’an with other scriptures as part of the Abrahamic religion during that era. Using a critical study approach, this article analyses Neuwirth’s ideas and compares them with Islamic literature to critique her thoughts. The results indicate that Neuwirth employs literary and historical criticism through microstructure analysis and intertextual studies to interpret Quranic verses. She starts by distinguishing between the two manifestations of the Qur’an: oral transmission (Qur’ān) and written form (Kitāb). Neuwirth then deconstructs the revelation, treating the Qur’an as an invisible text to facilitate its literal and historical study. Her method resembles a hermeneutic development when studying Qur’anic verses and focuses on a diachronic reading between the Qur’an and the Bible.