Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cancer in the world and the most common cancer in the urinary tract. If you smoke, are exposed to toxins at work, or live in an area with pollution, your risk may go up. Hematological measurements and immune response markers might be used to predict the future. Objective: This study evaluated demographic risk factors, hematological changes (Hb%, RBC, WBC, platelets), and immune markers IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in BC patients compared to healthy controls. Methods: The study looked at 65 patients with cancer and 25 people without cancer. Hematological and immunological values in the blood were studied using conventional laboratory techniques. We used SPSS, MedCalc, and Excel for statistical analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed in smoking status (53.85% patients vs. 32% controls, p=0.04), occupation (p=0.017), and BMI (p<0.001). BC patients had lower Hb% (8.57±1.64 vs. 13.40±1.68, p<0.001), RBC (3.97±0.71 vs. 4.35±0.64, p=0.023), and WBC (6.20±2.58 vs. 7.54±1.39, p=0.016) but higher platelets (303.31±77.05 vs. 245.12±68.41, p=0.001). Immune markers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were significantly elevated in patients (all p<0.05). Conclusion: Hematological and immunological alterations are strongly associated with BC, highlighting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools.

Objectives Coronary Heart diseases (CHD) are the diseases with high mortality rate all over the world with atherosclerosis being a major risk factor for CHD. Because of the low cost & easy accessibility,complete blood count (CBC) is used as one of the baseline investigation for CHD. There is need for extended study on all the parameters which can help in predicting the outcome of the patient with CHD. Materials and methods Patient visiting Cardiac OPD/ Emergency department with acute cardiac symptoms and susequently getting admitted to CCU are examined. Their first drawn EDTA blood sample was analyzed through Sysmex XN550 hematology analyzer and histogram is compared with that of healthy individuals. Statistical analyses Hematological parameters NLR ratio, PDW, MPV & total WBC count was found to be statistical significant with P value of <0.001. Whereas RDW, hemoglobin & platelet count did not show statistical significant values. Result Out of 395 individuals, 285 patients with CVD and 110 individuals as controls/healthy volunteers were assessed. Total WBC count, NL ratio, PDW & MPV parameters showed significant variation in patients with CVD. Conclusion A study on CBC parameters in CVD patients can be used as a new diagnostic tool because of its good diagnostic as well as prognostic value. Using CBC test as a simple and rapid method to assess CVD patients helps in initiating an early treatment. With our study, we conclude that parameters like WBC count, NLR, MPV & PDW has a diagnostic value in early detection of CHD.

The purpose of the current study was to use brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as a biomarker to find a novel approach for identifying and forecasting atrial and ventricular pre-systole (PVS), a significant illness. Following a monthly check-up for patients with type 2 diabetes, the study was carried out at Al-Sadr Hospital clinics and private laboratories in the Najaf Governorate, Iraq, from September 1, 2024, to February 1, 2025. There were 90 patients in all, 60 of whom had PVS and 30 healthy controls. Age, type of PVS (atrial and ventricular), diagnosis (treated or newly diagnosed), length of disease, hypertension (hypertension or normotension), and body mass index (BMI) group were used to categorize the patients into subgroups. In comparison to the control group, the current results demonstrated a substantial rise (P<0.05) in BNP. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the male and female patient groups. The current findings also showed that the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia was substantially (P<0.05) greater in older individuals (60–69 years) than in those who already had ventricular arrhythmia. The current findings showed a significant (P<0.05) difference in patients with newly identified ventricles. Additionally, the current study showed that the biomarker increased in the hypertension group in a very significant (P<0.05) way. The patient groups' sickness durations (from 1 week to 1 month) were substantially (P<0.05) longer than those of those aged 1–5 and >5 years. The prevalence of obesity was substantially greater (P<0.05) in the obese patient group compared to the overweight and normal weight groups based on BMI.

This study was conducted to provide an approach for the diagnosis and prognosis of atrial and ventricular presystole, with a particular focus on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGF-1). The research was conducted in Najaf Governorate, Iraq, from July 1, 2024, to December 1, 2025, with monthly patient follow-ups. A total of 90 participants were enrolled, including 60 patients diagnosed with PVS and 30 healthy individuals as controls. The results were stratified into subgroups according to age, PVS type (atrial or ventricular), diagnosis status (newly diagnosed or under treatment), disease duration, blood pressure status, and body mass index (BMI) category. The results revealed a significant increase in IGF-1 levels among patients compared to the control group. Male patients showed significantly higher levels than female patients. Elderly patients (60-69 years old) showed a significantly higher incidence of ventricular fibrillation compared to other age groups. Additionally, newly diagnosed patients had a significantly higher incidence of ventricular fibrillation compared to treated patients. Hypertensive patients showed a significantly higher incidence of ventricular fibrillation compared to normotensive individuals. Regarding disease duration, those aged 1 week to 1 month showed significantly higher values compared to patients aged 1-5 years and older than 5 years. Patients with obesity had a significantly higher incidence rate compared to the control groups. In conclusion, the study suggests that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) binding protein is a novel biomarker for atrial and ventricular fibrillation. It may serve as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool, potentially helping to reduce future complications associated with this condition.

The etiology of RA, a chronic inflammatory joint disease, is complex and involves the immune system. One of the main components of neutrophils and polymorphonuclear granulocytes, which have been linked to the pathophysiology of autoimmune inflammatory illnesses like RA, is calprotectin. Comparing the human calprotectin biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis patients to that of the healthy group was the goal of the study. Female patients in this study were collected from rheumatoid arthritis clinics in Karbala city. Blood samples were taken from about 50 healthy women in the control group and 80 patients who had RF disease. The information regarding patients and samples was collected, and statistical analyses were carried out between the control samples and human calprotectin levels in Rheumatoid arthritis patients, showing a highly substantial rise in CLP levels (P < 0.001). When comparing women with rheumatoid arthritis to those in the control group, there was also a significant rise (p < 0.001) in the CLP level by age and before or after menopause. According to statistical analysis, the new diagnostic group's serum human CLP level (102.76 ±0.72 ng/ml) was substantially greater (p < 0.001) than the treated group's. Furthermore, compared to the overweight and normal weight groups, the obese group's blood level of human CLP was considerably (p<0.001) greater. Furthermore. According to our findings, serum human CLP in women having RA had a negative correlation with estradiol-17b and a positive correlation with RF and ACPAs.

Background; The illness known as chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by malfunctioning kidneys that are unable to cleanse blood as effectively as they must. Methods; The conducted investigation was processed within Diyala province during time from 1/8 to 30/9 months within 2023 year. Sixty blood samples had from chronic kidney patients that sleep in Ibn Sina Centre for dialysis that lie within Baquba learning Hospital after selected them by specialist doctor. Additionally, fourteen samples of blood were had from healthy peoples and expressed them as control group. Urea and Creatinine levels were assessed by Biorex Machine (UK company). Serum concentrations of Cystatin C and GST parameters were quantified by Siemens ADVIA 1800 Biochemistry Analyzer, Assays: Clinical Chemistry (USA company). SPSS v. 23.0 and Graph pad prism v. 6 statistical programs were utilized in analysis our data. Results; Outcomes of our investigation appeared the age groups (41-60 and 61-80 years) and diseases causes (hypertension and diabetes) expressed highest percentages (38% and 23%) and (32% and 27%) among chronic kidney patients with important variation (p<0.05). The current research no showed significantly variation (p>0.05) among percentages of gender and BMI of chronic kidney patients. The concentrations of GST, Cystatin C, urea and creatinine parameters were highest in chronic kidney patients than healthy group with importantly differences (p<0.05). Based on ROC curve findings, the Cystatin C has highest sensitivity and specificity (100% and 91%) at cut-off >1.07 in selecting chronic kidney diseases compared to urea, creatinine and GST with highly variation (p<0.05).

Stereotactic Radiosurgery is nowadays the main radiotherapy treatment used for small-sized diseases located within the brain.Given the highest complexity related to this technique, periodic tests are mandatory to ensure an efficient workflow is correctly implemented.Our study aims to perform an endto-end quality assurance test for brain stereotactic radiosurgery using the Lucy 3D QA phantom.CTimages of Lucy phantom were acquired following the same H&N CT-protocol simulating real realworld scenario, with a plugged Pinpoint 3D ionization chamber.A dose distribution was calculated on DICOM images and taken as the gold standard for subsequent comparison with the measured dose under the VersaHD LINAC. 10 patients, noted P1 to P10, were selected and classified as two cohorts based on the prescribed dose (i.e., 5 patients with 20 Gy, and 5 patients with 27 Gy prescribed dose) and one lesion with a maximum diameter less than 5cm.Errors ranged from -5.49% for the P10 to 3.55% for P8, which were both with 27Gy as prescribed dose.Maximum and minimum doses within the ionization chamber's active volume range from 15.249 Gy for P4 and 21.171 Gy for P6 to 23.418 Gy for P3 and 32.282 Gy for P8, for patients with 20 Gy and 27 Gy prescribed dose, respectively.The difference Max-min ranges from 4.3 Gy for P10 to 12.052 Gy for P4.Our findings show that all of the selected plans respect the adopted tolerance, with small errors that could be caused by the user or material performance, which add additional errors to the final analyzed result.

The compounds of 8-hydroxyquinoline, azo dyes, and their complexes constitute a significant family of chemicals with exceptional medicinal uses. The aim of the current research was to synthesise and examine an azo dye ligand, specifically (E)-5-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)diazenyl)quinolin-8-ol (DPDQ). This ligand was synthesised through a coupling reaction between the diazonium salt of 4-N,N-dimethylaniline and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Additionally, its palladium complex was formed by reacting PdCl2 with the synthesised DPDQ ligand. The synthesised compounds were characterised using several techniques, including Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The IR data indicate bidentate azo ligand functions through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the azo group. The palladium compound is square-planar based on characterisation data. XRD measurements confirmed the nanoscale and crystalline characteristics of the synthesised substances. The DPDQ synthetic ligand and the palladium complex exhibited considerable efficacy as fingerprint detectors. Latent fingerprints can be accurately identified via the approved method. The powder technique demonstrated selectivity and excellent precision. The detection method for latent fingerprints is essential in criminal investigations, especially for suspect identification.

Herbal medications are usually regarded as an alternative treatment option for cancer. Many novel cytotoxic chemicals have been identified from the plants that are used to fight cancer. The current research determined the cytotoxicity of Annona squamosa extract (ASE). Different cancer cell line (MCF-7 and SKOV-3) and normal cell line with different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.25) as fallow G1 (n-Hexane Annona Squamosa extract, HAS), G2 (doxorubicin, DOX), G3 (Tamoxifen, TAM), G4 (HAS+DOX, HDA), (HAS + TAM, HTA). Each inhibitory agent group was used to treat the cancer cell lines MCF-7, SKOV-3, and NHF to obtain IC50% by MTT assay. In 1000 µg/ml from HAS showed significantly increased all three cell lines compared with other inhibitory concentrations. The recorded data demonstrated that the inhibitory ability of each of HTA and HDA towards the MCF-7 significantly increased compared with the SKOV-3 cell line. The interaction between different concentrations of DOX and TAM showed a high inhibitory effect on MCF-7 compared with SKOV-3 cancerous cell lines. The HAS and TAS showed a significant effect on MCF-7 compared with SKOV-3. Both HAD and HTA showed antagonistic activity on normal cell lines, while HAD and HTA showed synergistic activity towards MCF-7 and SKOV-3.