Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common fungal infections encountered during pregnancy. Hormonal alterations, immunological modulation, and changes in vaginal microenvironment predispose pregnant women to Candida colonization and symptomatic infection. The increasing emergence of non-albicans Candida species and antifungal resistance has posed diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in pregnancy where treatment options are limited. Aim and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women, identify the species distribution of Candida isolates, evaluate associated risk factors and virulence determinants, and assess antifungal susceptibility patterns. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 pregnant women presenting with symptoms suggestive of VVC at a tertiary care center. High vaginal swabs were collected and processed using standard mycological techniques. Candida isolates were identified to species level. Virulence factors such as biofilm formation and phospholipase activity were assessed. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 50 pregnant women, 28 (56%) were culture positive for Candida species. Non-albicans Candida (57.1%) predominated over Candida albicans (42.9%). The highest culture positivity was observed in the third trimester. Biofilm production was detected in 71.4% of isolates, while phospholipase activity was observed in 21.4%. Amphotericin-B (96.4%) and voriconazole (85.7%) showed the highest antifungal sensitivity, whereas fluconazole and nystatin demonstrated moderate resistance. Conclusion: Vulvovaginal candidiasis remains highly prevalent among pregnant women, with an emerging dominance of non-albicans Candida species exhibiting significant virulence traits. Routine species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing are essential for optimal management and prevention of recurrent infections during pregnancy.

Background: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with hamstring tendon (HT) autografts is very popular, and could result in knee flexion weakness and harvest-related morbidity. An alternative of constant diameter, with arguably reduced donor-site morbidity, has developed in the form of the peroneus longus tendon (PLT) at the expense of ankle function. Methods: It was a prospective randomized self-controlled study that was undertaken in a tertiary orthopaedic unit (2023-2025). The participants were randomly divided into 30 individuals with isolated unilateral ACL rupture who received ACLR with either PLT autograft (n=15) or quadrupled HT autograft (n=15). The measurement of functional outcomes was preoperative, 1.5, 3, 6 months using Modified Cincinnati Score (MCS), Lysholm score, and Subjective IKDC 2000. Donor-site complications were measured using AOFAS (PLT group), thigh circumference deficit, sensory symptoms, pain, ankle range of motion, and handheld dynamometry-based strength. Knee stability was evaluated using Anterior Drawer, Lachman, Pivot Shift and KT-1000 arthrometer at the follow-up. Independent t-tests/Mann-Whitney U tests and chi-square tests were conducted in groups (due to the independent test, 1=0.05). Results: PLT had more mean graft diameter than HT (8.68±0.23 mm; and 7.65±0.59 mm, respectively, p<0.001). Both groups had also improved but at 12 months, PLT had better MCS (90.1±2.9 vs 86.8±2.7), Lysholm (89.9±3.8 vs 86.3±2.1) and IKDC (92.4±4.3 vs 89.1±5.2) (all p<0.05). With enduring effects, recovering the stance favoring PLT actions and dynamics with time of 3 months and above, there was less KT-1000 side-to-side difference in final follow-up (1.2±0.5 vs 1.8±0.6 mm, p<0.01). PLT had a reduced donor-site morbidity (thigh deficit 0.520.2 cm vs 1.22.04 cm, p=0.001), and comparable outcomes of the ankle near outcome normalcy at 12 months (AOFAS 97.62.4). Conclusion: Even though PLT autograft ACLR yielded thicker grafts, faster mobilization, better 12-month stability and less donor-site morbidity and ankle functionality, it helps to support the idea that PLT is a strong alternative to HT in primary ACLR.

Face recognition in biometrics is a difficult process because of factors including individual differences in facial emotions, illumination, resolution, facial rotation, and facial structure similarities. "A Combination of Cross Domain Features for Face Recognition" is what we suggest here. The benchmarked face images are considered, downsized to consistent 128x128 dimensions, and converted to grayscale. Face photos are compressed, and their quality is improved by using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Initial characteristics that are unaffected by changes in an image's lighting are extracted using the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) on a compressed LL band of DWT. By connecting the LL band's output to the HOG's input, the DWT and HOG's LL bands are connected in a cascade. HOG's input and output are combined to create new, strong final features. The system's results when comparing test and database features are calculated using the Euclidean Distance (ED). It has been noted that the suggested system outperforms the current ones in terms of results.

Industrial sectors such as steel manufacturing and thermal power generation are major sources of heavy metals, fly ash, sulphur and nitrogen oxides, and other persistent pollutants. Traditional physical–chemical treatment methods often carry high cost and may produce secondary waste. Microbial bioremediation offers a promising alternative: microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae) can immobilise, transform or remove pollutants via biosorption, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, biomineralisation and bioleaching. Recent findings have also linked exposure to industrial pollutants with increased cancer incidence, highlighting an urgent need for biological mitigation. This review provides a succinct overview of microbial mechanisms relevant to steel‐industry and thermal‐power‐plant effluents, explores their potential in reducing cancer-related health risks, and highlights advances in metagenomics and engineered microbial consortia. With proper design and policy integration, microbial strategies can contribute significantly to sustainable waste-management and public-health protection in these high-impact industries.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC), originating from the uterine lining, is the most common gynecologic malignancy globally. While India reports lower incidence (4.3 / 100,000), tertiary-care centres in South India have observed rising case loads.

Background: Mental health challenges among university students have reached concerning levels globally, with studies indicating that 30-60% of students experience clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, depression, or other mental health conditions. Digital health interventions represent a promising approach to address this crisis, offering scalable, accessible, and cost-effective solutions for mental health promotion and early intervention. Objective: This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions for mental health promotion among university students, examining intervention types, theoretical frameworks, implementation strategies, and outcomes. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and IEEE Xplore databases from January 2018 to December 2024. Studies were included if they evaluated digital health interventions targeting mental health promotion, prevention, or early intervention in university student populations. We extracted data on study characteristics, intervention features, theoretical foundations, and mental health outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools for different study designs. Results: Forty-seven studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 23,847 participants across 15 countries. Interventions included mobile applications (n=18), web-based platforms (n=15), virtual reality applications (n=6), artificial intelligence chatbots (n=5), and wearable device integrations (n=3). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions, and peer support models were the most common theoretical approaches. Significant improvements were observed in anxiety reduction (Cohen's d = 0.42-0.78), depression symptoms (d = 0.35-0.65), stress management (d = 0.38-0.72), and overall psychological wellbeing (d = 0.28-0.58). Implementation challenges included low engagement rates, technological barriers, and sustainability concerns. Conclusions: Digital health interventions demonstrate moderate to strong effectiveness for mental health promotion in university students. However, significant heterogeneity in intervention design, implementation strategies, and outcome measures limits definitive conclusions. Future research should focus on standardized outcome measures, long-term follow-up, and implementation science approaches to enhance real-world impact.

Introduction: Morphology alone can be insufficient to distinguish classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) from non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that share overlapping features (e.g., primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma [PMBL], T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma [THRLBCL], ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma [ALCL]). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides decisive lineage and checkpoint markers (CD30, CD15, PAX5, CD20, CD45, ALK, OCT2/BOB1, SOX11, cyclin D1, BCL6, MUM1/IRF4, PD-L1) and EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) that help resolve diagnostic uncertainty. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on consecutive lymph node biopsies over 24 months at a tertiary center. A tiered IHC panel was applied to all cases with equivocal morphology. Primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy for HL vs NHL; secondary outcomes included incremental yield over morphology, misclassification reduction, and effect on turnaround time (TAT) and costs. Results: Among 180 evaluable cases, final diagnoses were cHL 52 (28.9%), NLPHL 12 (6.7%), DLBCL 60 (33.3%), FL 28 (15.6%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) 10 (5.6%), PTCL 10 (5.6%), and ALCL 8 (4.4%). A minimal panel (CD30, CD15, PAX5, CD20, CD45, EBER-ISH) achieved 96.2% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity for HL vs NHL. Adding OCT2/BOB1 and PD-L1 improved accuracy for cHL vs mimics (PMBL/THRLBCL) and identified PD-L1-high cHL. SOX11/cyclin D1 resolved MCL vs cHL look-alikes. Optimizing reflex panels reduced median TAT by 1.5 days and per-case IHC costs by 18%. Conclusion: A tiered IHC algorithm centered on CD30/CD15/PAX5 with EBER-ISH, and reflex markers tailored to the differential (OCT2/BOB1, PD-L1, ALK, SOX11/cyclin D1), provides high accuracy and operational efficiency in separating HL from NHL.

The present study explores the ethnohistoric and historiographic information available on various aspects of the culture and society of the tribes of the Rampachodavaram Agency Division. A total of seven tribal communities inhabit this division: Konda Kammara, Konda Dora, Konda Kapu, Konda Reddi, Koya, Valmiki, and Parange Porja. The study focuses on the ethnohistory and socio-cultural mobility of these tribes in the Rampachodavaram Agency Division. The fragmented accounts of tribal ethnohistory provided by anthropologists and historians over the past century do not adequately address several issues, particularly the historical affinities of the tribes and the multiplicity of designations for a single tribe across different regions. The contributions of both tribal and non-tribal groups to the cultural dynamics of the division highlight a long process of socio-cultural homogenization in the Rampachodavaram Agency Division, Andhra Pradesh, India

Regulatory agencies, including the FDA, have identified that commonly used amine-based Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) synthesis processes may lead to the unintentional formation of nitrosamine impurities, which are classified as potentially genotoxic. Although N-nitrosamines are not deliberately introduced during drug manufacturing, they can form as impurities or degradation products under certain processing or storage conditions. The challenge in nitrosamine determination arises from their extremely low acceptable daily intake (ADI) limits, lack of strong chromophores, and the continuously expanding list of controlled nitrosamines, necessitating highly sensitive and selective analytical methods. This study describes the development and validation of a highly sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the trace-level quantification of N-nitroso-ticagrelor in ticagrelor API. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Supelco Ascentis Express C18 column (10 cm × 4.6 mm × 2.7 μm) using a gradient elution with 0.1% v/v formic acid in water and methanol at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, with a total run time of 30 minutes. Detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The calibration curve demonstrated excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9922. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), determined using the signal-to-noise approach, were 0.0031 ppm and 0.0093 ppm, respectively. Method recoveries & accuracy were within 70–130%, and all validation parameters met the predefined acceptance criteria. This validated method enables sensitive, accurate, and regulatory-compliant quantification of N-nitroso-ticagrelor, supporting risk assessment and quality control of ticagrelor API.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the commonest gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Early-stage EC often has a favorable prognosis, with surgery being the primary treatment. Aim: This study aimed to assess the outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) vs. total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in managing early-stage EC in a low resource country. Patients and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 83 females with FIGO stage I–II EC, allocated into two groups: 46 females underwent total abdominal hysterectomy ± lymphadenectomy (Group A) and 37 females had total laparoscopic hysterectomy ± lymphadenectomy (Group B). Results: TLH was associated with significantly shorter hospital stays (median 5 days), shorter operative time (median 105 minutes), less blood loss (median 275ml), and fewer blood transfusions (3 cases only received one unit of packed RBCs). There were no reported cases of wound infection or seroma in the laparoscopic group. Bladder and ureteric injuries were reported in 5.4% and 2.7% respectively in the laparoscopic group. Post operative hemoglobin and hematocrit vales were statistically significant lower in the abdominal group than in the laparoscopic group (9.8±0.6, 11.2±1.0 & 39.4±2.4, 41.7±2.9 p value ≤0.001 & ≤0.001 respectively). Notably, four deaths occurred in the abdominal group (8.7%). Pulmonary embolism, sepsis, intestinal obstruction and hepatic encephalopathy were the main causes of mortality in the abdominal group. Conclusion: Laparoscopic hysterectomy offers superior perioperative outcomes and fewer complications compared to the abdominal approach, supporting its use as a safe and effective treatment for early-stage EC management.