This study investigates the implementation of (dd) low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) under the influence of an undamped weak thermal (temperature) wave on a remote TiD target. These waves are generated in the air during the cavitation of a water jet in a closed chamber. The research reveals that the rate of tritium fusion is approximately 108 times greater than the rate of helium fusion in these (dd) reactions.

MIT researchers used two slightly different frequency lasers to manipulate nuclear spin. We somewhat copied that with CF/LANR anti-Stokes emission. With additional coherent reflection, these two close-in-frequency photons dramatically impacted the photon polarization of downstream optics. There was significant coherence, with a coherence time of up to an hour. With Qubit encoding, this enables quantum computing. A NAND gate was made.

model. It is able to explain both the p3 A–law (the atomic-mass-number (A)-dependence of transmutation rate) and the Arrhenius plot (the temperature dependence of excess power) in the metal-hydrides experiments. The pull-in effect of the resonance may pull two charged nuclei together even if the kinetic energy is much lower than the height of Coulomb barrier. The K-electron capture in lattice is more favorable than the positron emission, there by suppresses the Gamma radiation in metal-hydride experiments. The Oppenheimer stripping reaction is more favorable to the proton emission, there by suppresses the neutron radiation as well. 2 steps are necessary to develop first a perfect elastic scattering without any damping, then the second inelastic process is greatly enhanced by this resonance. The pull-in effect makes the resonance height even higher at even lower energy. Hence, the resonance integration does not vanish when the width of the resonance is very narrow at low energy because the energy dependence of the phase-shift at low energy keeps the resonance integration finite. This important energy dependence of the phase-shift is extracted from the experimental data in Appendix. This model is further applied to the case of electron screening experiments and explains the 5-peak pattern in the electron screening potentials using p3 A–law again. If the proposed electron screening experiment using enriched isotope as the screening material shows that there is an isotope effect: i.e. same atomic number (Z) with different atomic mass number (A) would have different electron screening potential, then the nuclear nature involved in the electron screening potential would be revealed. As a result, the lattice is not a house to burn H(D), but a burning house in H(D) with resonance.

Among the nuclear fusion reactions of new elements, the simplest reaction refers to the capture of a proton p by the nucleus of the original element ZXA with the formation of the Z + 1YA+1 nucleus (Z and A are the charge and mass number of the element X). In the case of cold fusion, the occurrence of such a reaction is associated with the existence of quasi-neutron (p + e) states in which the proton is “escorted” by the electron e: ZXA + (p + e) ! Z + 1YA+1 + e. For example the synthesis of zinc from copper was established. It is important to note that the ratios of the proportions of synthesized isotopes in most cases should differ significantly from natural ratios, which would certainly confirm their artificial origin. The data of preliminary mass spectrometric measurements for the synthesis of zinc from copper, gallium from zinc, and rhenium from tungsten are consistent with this conclusion. However, for relatively heavy elements, the masses of daughter atoms with Z + 1YA+1 nuclei are difficult to distinguish from the masses of hydride complexes of parent atoms with ZXA nuclei and hydrogen atoms H formed in the course of mass spectrometric measurements. In this regard, the problem of estimating the contributions of daughter atoms and hydride complexes is topical. The solution of this problem was carried out for the case of silicon synthesis from aluminum. In an air environment with water vapor, an electric arc was ignited between an aluminum anode and a tungsten cathode. Aluminum has one stable isotope 13Al27; therefore, the synthesis of only one of the three stable silicon isotopes 14Si28 was expected, which was observed in the mass spectrum of the powder formed on the anode surface (peak at ⇡ 27.977 a.m.u.). The AlH complex corresponds to a peak at ⇡ 27.989 a.m.u. This peak has a height approximately 2.5 times less than the height of the peak for the mass distribution of silicon atoms. Thus, the relatively low intensity for the mass distribution of the AlH complex suggests that it is the isotope ratios of the synthesized daughter nuclei that make the main contributions to the observed isotope mass ratios in the cases of parent atoms having several stable isotopes.

This theory discusses the role of the electromagnetic force inside the atomic nucleus. Previous nuclear theories have relegated the electromagnetic force as being a relatively minor component, considering only the Coulomb force of the protons. These previous models usually make the incorrect and outdated assumptions of a homogeneously-charged proton and a homogeneously-neutral neutron. With the understanding that quarks are the centers for both the electric charge and magnetic dipole moments within a nucleon, such outdated assumptions are no longer valid. Because of the strong electromagnetic interaction between the internucleon quarks, electromagnetism can, indeed, be the force that holds the nucleons together in an atomic nucleus. Thus, these changes in the understanding of the electromagnetic forces within the atomic nucleus require a more significant role of electromagnetism with regards to the understanding of nuclear behavior. Part III of this series of papers describes how the electromagnetic forces and energies affect the nuclear behavior. New insights and understandings are gained by applying the laws of electromagnetics to the nuclear structure inside an atomic nucleus. In this paper, explanations of bond formation and bond breakage are given in detail, as well as how these processes relate to nuclear fission and nuclear particle decay.

Cold fusion can eliminate the threat of global warming two ways: 1. Cold fusion does not produce carbon dioxide so if it replaces other sources of energy carbon emissions would stop. 2. Cold fusion can enhance the removal of carbon from the atmosphere by reforestation. Large scale reforestation projects have been proposed to remove carbon from the atmosphere and sequester it in trees. Cold fusion technology would greatly enhance such projects, increasing the amount of carbon by a factor of ten and reducing the cost of the project by a large factor. Cold fusion can be used to stop the natural boom and bust cycle of forest carbon, by burying charcoal made from deadwood underground. In effect this would speed up the formation of coal by a factor of a million. Conventional energy sources cannot do this.

The Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) is a relatively simple gas-metal device that is able to directly generate an electric voltage and current by an unexplained mechanism, possibly related to LENR. Due to its simplicity and high reproducibility, the LEC is a very interesting experiment that may provide insights into LENR phenomena, as well as potentially being a practical new solid-state energy source. This paper describes a successful replication of a Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) and a number of experiments and observations made to investigate the nature of the effect and its electrical characteristics, and to exclude the presence of artefacts and conventional explanations. Compared to a control device, the active LEC was able to generate a stable voltage in excess of 300 mV and a current up to a few microamperes. These results are consistent with previous data published by the inventors and other replicators, so the good reproducibility of the device is confirmed. The primary and most interesting effect happening inside the device is the apparent ionization of the gas between the electrodes, allowing a significant current to flow through an otherwise insulating gap. The spontaneous voltage is instead a secondary effect, due to the presence of a bimetallic pair in contact with an ionized conductive medium, forming a kind of gas-phase battery.

Multiple Lattice Energy Conversion (LEC) devices and configurations have experimentally demonstrated the ability to self- initiate and self-sustain the production of a voltage and current through an external load impedance without the use of naturally radioactive materials. These results have been reported by the authors [1], [2], [3], [4] and replicated by independent researchers [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. A video, [10] shows that a voltmeter and a resistance substitution box are all that is required to observe and measure LEC output which for this test produced several hundred nanowatts of power per square centimeter of working electrode surface area. Given the extraordinary nature of the LEC results, the importance of independent replications by multiple credible and respected scientists cannot be overstated. While the ability to self-initiate and self-sustain the production of a voltage and current through a load is a significant innovation, present experimental power densities are typically in the range of a few microwatts per square centimeter, output must be scaled up by 6 orders of magnitude to produce a few watts, and by 9 orders of magnitude to produce a few kilowatts. Based on a review of the literature and an analysis of experimental results, five focus areas have been identified to scale up the LEC. This paper examines each focus area and identifies possible actions to increase LEC power output.

Unlike hot fusion, LANR is relational and productive rather than confrontational and destructive. Rather than one D hitting the other as a target, there is no conventional “coulomb barrier”, but instead synchronous interaction(s) follow application of an electric field intensity. Analysis of the pulsing coupled atomic deuteron oscillators is difficult, and here we have used equivariant bifurcation theory. A mathematical solution of this, such as a toroidal breather mode, reveals much. Most importantly, such synchronization of deuterons may obviate, i.e. circumvent, the function of the ‘coulomb barrier’. We have observed that successfully driven LANR components emit unique RF emissions, with sidebands and pulsations which may herald energy-mass interactions. The final product of these processes is fusion of two deuterons with production of de novo helium-4, and generation of the observed “excess heat”.

Motivated by the recent proposal of Vysotstkii and Vysotskyy of the possibility of correlated coherent state evolution of an ion wave function in a low density magnetized plasma leading to low energy nuclear reactions, we have considered the construction of a dynamical squeezed state wave packet solution for a particle with a dynamic charge in a constant magnetic field. For a z- directed magnetic field, the dynamics simplify if the wave packet is constructed to have the same dynamics in x and y. From the solution developed, evolution equations are obtained for the first and second moments. In the case of the first moments, the dynamics that result are Newton’s laws for a particle in a magnetic field. The second moments evolve according to what would be expected for a squeezed state solution, except that the breathing frequency is reduced by a factor of two. The uncertainty product for the squeezed state is a Schrodinger-Robertson relation. The amount of squeezing required for the fluctuation energy to be sufficient to result in nuclear reactions is extremely large, and such a wave packet would be quite fragile in the sense that collisions with other particles would prevent organized “breathing” mode evolution except at very low plasma density. Following the proposal of Vysotskii and Vysotskyy, we constructed generalization of the squeezed state wave packet in which an excited state SHO eigenfunction is squeezed, and find that the evolution of the squeezing parameters is similar as for a squeezed state solution. The uncertainty principle is of the form of the Schrodinger-Robertson relation, but with a prefactor that substantially increases the uncertainty. An issue that was identified in the proposed scheme is localization associated with electron ionization and recombination that has the potential to spoil the delocalization and phase of the wave packet. It is noted that in a minor modification of the scheme non-classical energy exchange may be possible for charged particles traveling through a dynamic and spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field, as long as the changes in the field as seen by the particle are non-adiabatic relative to the squeezing dynamics.