Abstract Green roofs provide significant environmental, social, and aesthetic benefits. In high-rise residential buildings, green roofs offer communal spaces for recreation. However, despite their growing adoption as a sustainable development strategy, accessibility is often overlooked, limiting their potential to support social sustainability. Hence, access for the disabled community remains a critical concern. Residential green roofs have been largely overlooked in Malaysia, as previous access audits have primarily concentrated on public and commercial buildings. The study evaluates the accessibility of green roofs in three high-rise residential buildings in Shah Alam, Malaysia, in order to resolve this gap. The Universal Design Assistant (UD-AI) tool was utilized to support a qualitative approach with an access audit that was in accordance with the Malaysian Standard MS 1184:2014. The audit identified numerous obstacles, such as inadequate signage, steep incline gradients, and restricted access to communal amenities. Fostering inclusive and resilient urban environments necessitates overcoming these obstacles. The findings provide practical guidance for policymakers, designers, and facility managers to enhance the accessibility of green roofs and promote social sustainability in high-rise residential developments.

Abstract The theme park industry in Malaysia has experienced substantial growth since the 1970s, yet several parks have faced closure due to increasing competition and changing visitor expectations. While previous studies have examined factors influencing tourism destinations, limited research has explored how specific theme park criteria (core, tangible, and augmented) contribute to long-term success. This study aims to identify and validate the key criteria for theme parks in Malaysia. A two-phase approach was employed: the Content Validity was used to evaluate the relevance and clarity of proposed criteria through expert assessment (n=7) and measured using Content Validity Ratio (CVR), followed by Construct Validity using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of survey responses from 202 visitors. The findings refined and consolidated the key criteria into ten constructs for theme park attractions. The findings will provide valuable insights about identifying the criteria that determine the success of theme parks in Malaysia and thereby making substantial contributions to both academic knowledge and industry practices.

Abstract Historical buildings play a pivotal role in enhancing architectural identity through their stylistic characteristics. They offer a unique set of architectural elements that enhance the value of the city and give it a distinctive character. With technological developments, artificial intelligence has emerged as an effective tool for dealing with historical buildings in general. However, the influence of AI tools on the Integrity of architectural model levels at which stylistic characteristics are manifested has not yet been proven. Hence the research problem appeared as (lack of clarity regarding the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on architectural model levels reflecting stylistic characteristics and ensuring the integrity of historical buildings). From here, the research goal took shape as (determining the impact of artificial intelligence technologies and tools on the Integrity of levels reflecting the stylistic characteristics of historical buildings). The importance of this research lies in providing a framework for the capabilities that artificial intelligence provides in historical buildings, at the level of documentation and development. It has been found that artificial intelligence tools such as ideogram are most effective in ensuring the integrity of The Associated stylistic characteristics (color/proportions/decorative features/material). They enhance the integrity of stylistic characteristics at their formal levels by being able to accurately monitor and diagnose structural problems of the building, which allows taking the necessary preventive measures. AI tools at the formal level have proven to be more effective than at the functional and aesthetic levels. The study recommends careful selection of AI tools to ensure their Integrity at the level of documentation and development.

The Malays in Sarawak have lived in riverine settlements since pre-colonial times, with the Sarawak River in Kuching housing the largest Malay population. Kampung Seberang, on the river’s north bank opposite Kuching Waterfront, holds the highest Malay concentration and historical significance, yet the architectural development of Malay houses in this area remains understudied. This paper investigates the most common house form and spatial layout of houses in Kampung Seberang, tracing its spatial form development. Using archival research, fieldwork observations and interviews, 47 samples were selected based on predetermined criteria. Samples were categorized into architectural types and mapped to uncover settlement patterns. The findings reveal four architectural styles: (1) bumbung panjang, (2) potong Limas, (3) limas Serani, and (4) hybrid limas Serani. Type 2 houses are most common near the Astana, while Type 3 houses are found further away- indicating newer settlements with differing lifestyles. The study concludes that Kampung Seberang’s architectural development is closely linked to socio-economic changes in the 1940s and infrastructure development in the 2000s, significantly altering spatial uses and house forms. As Sarawak's riverbank settlements face redevelopment, these findings can guide conservation efforts, inform preservation policies, and standardize the evaluation of architectural significance, to safeguard Sarawak’s rich architectural legacy for future generations.

Collective living is specifically built to house multiple families or individuals in the same complex or building, where they can share common facilities. This concept aims to use land efficiently, reduce construction and maintenance costs, and improve social interaction and community cohesion. This study explores the idea of collective housing in the Batang Arau riverbank area with a case study in Koto Baru Nan XX Sub-district, Lubuk Begalung District, Padang, Indonesia. The biggest problems in this area are vulnerability to flooding and lack of basic infrastructure. This research aims to find a settlement concept that can increase community resilience to disasters and improve a better quality of life. This study employs a qualitative methodology and uses many data-collection techniques, including literature review, field surveys, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Thematic analysis approaches were employed to analyze the data obtained from interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to uncover prominent patterns and themes. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the observation data and field surveys, providing a comprehensive overview of the current conditions. This research is expected to make a real contribution by mapping the problems and needs of riverside settlements in Koto Baru Nan XX Sub-district, Lubuk Begalung District, Padang, Indonesia.

Nature experiences, both direct and indirect, significantly impact children’s psychological well-being. However, restrictions on children’s ability to spontaneously explore nearby nature at home have been reduced. Hence, it is vital to reconnect children with nature through biophilic design at school to improve their psychological well-being since they spend most of their time there. This study aims to investigate children’s preferences towards biophilic elements and the impact of the elements on their well-being. This study involved twelve children aged 10 to 11 from two primary schools (sustainable schools) in the Northern Region of Malaysia, particularly in Kedah and Perlis. A qualitative approach, specifically phenomenology, using observation, focus groups, and projection methods, was used for data collection. The findings indicate that children preferred the implementation of biophilic elements in both indoor and outdoor learning spaces. All biophilic design elements have contributed to children’s positive emotions. However, few children exhibited negative affiliations towards water elements and plants. Overall, this study highlights the importance of embracing and implementing biophilic elements through direct and indirect experiences in indoor and outdoor learning spaces at school to improve children’s psychological well-being, subsequently contributing to their attention to learning.

Designing pediatric healthcare facilities requires a thorough understanding of the unique needs of children, which differ from those of adults in terms of physical, emotional, and developmental requirements. Addressing these needs ensures that pediatric patients receive specialised care for their well-being and recovery. Little evidence is available regarding the design variables of pediatric healthcare facilities. Evidence-based design (EBD) has emerged as a sustainable approach that integrates research, empirical evidence, and best practices into the healthcare design process. This paper identifies the design variables of pediatric healthcare facilities impacting the outcomes of patients, families, and staff and develops a conceptual framework for the pediatric healthcare-built environment. A literature review were conducted to identify the design variables of pediatric healthcare environments and the opinion of experts was gathered to finalise the design variables. A conceptual framework for pediatric healthcare environments was developed consisting of 96 design variables under eight therapeutic goals namely: child-friendly environment; nature and outdoors; privacy; positive distraction; therapeutic play; peer and family support; safety and security; and comfort that have the potential to impact the outcomes of patient, families, and staff. Incorporating these variables into the design would contribute to improved patient outcomes.

Under the impact of urbanization as well as the influence of cultural exchanges between ethnic groups and the need to develop housing in the modernity direction of the northern mountainous people, the construction of buildings with traditional housing architecture characteristics is gradually decreased. It is highly possible that the traditional heritage of ethnic communities will gradually be forgotten if the mutual influence relationship between traditional culture and architectural housing is not being paid sufficient attention. In order to provide insight into traditional housing architecture and guide the preservation and development of residential architecture, the research aims to identify the influences of traditional culture on residential architectural space. The article employs a variety of techniques, including field surveys, analysis and evaluation of real-world scenarios, overviews of related studies, and the inheritance of secondary data from earlier research endeavors to accomplish the suggested research goals. The study focuses on analysing the following five categories of traditional housing architecture, which are: 1) The influence of living culture; 2) The influence of costume culture; 3) The influence of labor and production culture; 4) The influence of culture, lifestyle, local customs and practices; and 5) The influence of religious culture.

The link between Fear of Crime (FC) and physical environment and crime levels is referred to as Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). However, FC, irrespective of the level of crime through physical environmental features, can hinder people's access to urban parks. This study is a novel attempt to evaluate the Perceived Security (PS) related to fear of (theft, robbery) crime under the CPTED classification by assessing actual users' perceptions of multiple physical environmental variables within and around fifteen Tiruchirappalli urban parks. The objectively measured CPTED variables were documented through observations and measurements by the authors, whereas subjectively measured ones were assessed using actual users’ (n=524) perceptions. The results majorly highlight the significance of park design and landscape-based surveillance and park facilities and landscape-based maintenance variables towards predicting PS. The findings from this study can aid policymakers, park designers, and managers in adopting strategies that can enhance the PS of users, prioritise interventions, and engage residents in addressing specific design considerations.