This study investigated the impact of nano pesticide formulations based on profenofos/polylactic acid nanofibre scaffolds.Using the coaxial electrospinning approach, nanofibers were obtained with an average diameter of 495.74 86.46 nm.The release profile analysis revealed that approximately 32.6% of the active ingredient was released within the initial two weeks, increasing to around 82.15% after 15 weeks.The release pattern followed a non-Fickian behaviour, likely governed by both diffusion and swelling of the polylactic acid matrix.In field applications on maize, two scaffold-based formulations demonstrated prolonged protective effects, maintaining efficacy levels of 89.24-93.35%,compared with only 11.9% for the commercial pesticide Selecron 500EC after two weeks.These results demonstrate improved pest control performance of profenofos/polylactic acid nanofibre scaffolds.However, the experiment was based on an unreplicated field trial and did not include residue analysis, which limits the strength of the environmental interpretation.Therefore, the findings should be viewed as preliminary, and further studies are needed before drawing definitive conclusions about environmental benefits.

The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the development of separate municipal waste collection and the financing of waste management in five selected villages (Bnov, Komjatice, Svodn, Svt Peter, and Trnovec nad Vhom) within the Nitra Self-Governing Region during the period 2018-2023.The results indicate that, on average, the villages incurred annual waste management costs of 98,660, corresponding to 31 per inhabitant.Despite generating annual revenues averaging 66,734 (21.40 per inhabitant), the economic balance remained negative, with an average deficit of 31,926 (9.60 per inhabitant).These findings suggest that although progress has been achieved in waste sorting and cost recovery, further improvements are necessary -particularly in reducing financial deficits and enhancing sorting efficiency -to meet and exceed European waste management targets.The trends observed in the Slovak Republic are consistent with findings from international studies, which confirm that the volume of municipal waste tends to increase alongside rising living standards.At the same time, waste separation rates have also improved, largely as a result of supportive legislative frameworks in the Slovak Republic.

The Ferronikeli smelter, as one of the most well-known industrial areas in Kosovo, poses a very serious concern for the living world.The objective of the research study in this area was the evaluation of environmental pollution through the quantifying of the concentration of heavy metals (Ni, Pb, Zn) in the soil as well as in the vegetative parts (root, stem and leaves) of the Achillea millefolium plant, which the population uses for therapeutic purposes.Also, the assessment of the environmental condition was made through the parameters of oxidative stress (sulfhydryl groups and protein carbonylation) in the leaves of the same plant.The concentration of heavy metals was determined with ICPE9800 -plasma emission spectrometer, from which it was observed that Ni, and Zn revealed high values compared to Pb both in the soil as well as in the roots and leaves of the Achillea millefolium plant.Also, the values of biochemical parameters exhibited high values in this area, precisely due to mining activity.Therefore, it was recommended that this area and this plant species be systematically monitored, as it is a good indicator of the environmental condition.

Reducing the use of petrochemical-based polyurethane foams in thermal insulation applications is necessary to reduce environmental impacts.Natural fibers as fillers have emerged as promising ecological alternatives, promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable material practices.This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of eco-friendly polyurethane foam composites containing bagasse fiber (BF) and rice husk (RH) waste.Rigid polyurethane foam (PUR) composites with BF and RH waste particles were prepared at different filler loading levels (20%, 30%, and 40%).Density, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and morphology of the composites were evaluated.The results showed that the density of the PUR composites with the BF and RH particles increased along with filler addition.Higher composite density led to increased thermal conductivity.The mechanical properties, bending strength, and bending modulus of the PUR composites with BF and RH were lower than those of pure PUR and decreased further with filler content.However, combining both fillers increased the mechanical properties by up to 172%.Thermal conductivity analysis indicated that thermal resistance decreases as filler content increases.However, the thermal conductivity values (0.0275-0.0393W/mK) demonstrate competitive performance, comparable to conventional insulation materials, while supporting sustainability through waste utilization and reduced PUR consumption.This material shows strong potential as a thermal insulation solution for buildings and sustainable construction, particularly in the regions with abundant agricultural waste.

The continuous release of various chemicals into the environment is a major concern worldwide, as some persist in the ecosystem, leading to severe health issues.This study assessed the accumulation levels of selected trace metals (TMs), namely lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) in the edible tissues of the terrestrial snail Cornu aspersum (Mller, 1774) using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES).Sampling was carried out at three stations: S1T, S2P, and S3A, located in the Mechra Bel Ksiri area, the province of Sidi Kacem.The obtained results revealed that station S3A (characterized by the highest snail density and a more intensive use of chemical products to protect artichoke crops) is more TMs-polluted than the other stations S1T and S2P.High average concentrations of the most toxic TMs examined in this study were recorded in the flesh of the snails from S3A: Pb (2.31 mg kg -1 dry weight) and Cd (2.03 mg kg -1 dry weight) exceeded the maximum admissible level recommended by the European Union (2023) for Pb (1.5 mg kg -1 ) and Cd (1 mg kg -1 ).The assessment of risks to human health in combination with dietary exposure was carried out, the calculated hazard index (HI) remained below the safety threshold of 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic effects linked to snail consumption.In contrast, the total cancer risk (TCR) reached a peak value of 1.02 10 at station S3A, slightly exceeding the recommended limit (1 10), suggesting a potential carcinogenic concern associated with the chronic exposure to TMs through dietary intake of contaminated snails.Therefore, regular monitoring of toxic metal levels in snails is needed to protect consumers against potential carcinogenic risks.

An agroforestry system that integrates eucalyptus trees with agricultural crops is a promising approach to sustainable land management, combining timber production with food security objectives.The study was conducted on dry land between eucalyptus stands to increase food crop productivity.The experiment using rice husk biochar, urea fertilizer and manure aimed to maintain water and nutrient availability.This study used a three-factor complete randomized block design.The first factor was without biochar and rice husk biochar, the second factor was the ratio of urea and manure fertilizer doses (150:0, 75:10, 0:20 kg ha -1 :ton ha -1 ), and the third factor was the corn monoculture planting pattern, corn + mung bean intercropping, and mung bean monoculture.The analysis was carried out using ANOVA, DMRT, and T test.This study showed that the combination of rice husk biochar, as well as the ratio of urea and manure fertilizer doses (75 kg ha -1 :10 ton ha -1 ) in the monoculture planting pattern can increase chlorophyll A content and the number of corn stomata, and the monoculture planting system can increase the width of corn stomatal aperture.The combination of the ratio of urea and manure fertilizer doses (75 kg ha -1 :10 ton ha -1 ) and the monoculture planting system can increase the total chlorophyll content in mung beans.

In this paper, the influence of a perpendicular structure in front of parallel buildings on the stabilization of pollutants is investigated, taking into account the porous medium.And to test the model, numerical simulation was carried out formulated using the Navier-Stokes governing equations.It is worth noting that attention is paid to configurations with a perpendicularly located box, in the middle of which there is a porous barrier simulating trees.Thus, this allows more realistically reproducing the conditions of the urban environment.The study is based on a test problem reproducing experimental conditions and the use of the RNG k- turbulent model.Simulation showed that the presence of perpendicular structures significantly affects the movement of air flows and the distribution of pollutant concentrations.Model adjustments for turbulent viscosity in critical areas were changed with the aim of improving forecast precision of impurity transport.Analysis of the vertical profile of concentrations revealed critical zones where harmful substances accumulate, especially at the level of y/H = 1.26.The results were evaluated with experimental data and confirm the reliability of the numerical approach.Also, the distribution of concentration by height changes sharply and at the base of the wall (y/H = 0) it decreases to 0.4, and at y/H = 1.26 it reaches a maximum showing a high level of pollution.The obtained results are relevant for the environmental analysis of the urban environment and can be used in planning measures to improve air quality.In the future, it is planned to expand the modeling to more complex urban areas taking into account the relief, multiple sources of pollution and weather conditions, which will improve the accuracy of forecasts and the effectiveness of environmental regulation.

Biogas production from cattle manure offers a promising and sustainable solution for managing livestock waste in the rural areas of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), where smallholder cattle farming is common.The study aims to evaluate the impact of organic loading rates (OLR) of cattle manure (CM) on biogas production through anaerobic digestion under the tropical conditions typical of smallholder farming.Additionally, the research seeks to assess the stability, suitability, and continuous operational performance of biogas digesters in relation to the size of the cattle herd in each household.Nine biogas digesters achieved steady-state operation, with various numbers of cattle in households being monitored continuously over 13 weeks to assess daily biogas production.The results of the study can be categorized into three groups based on cattle herd size: Group 1 (two cattle), Group 2 (three cattle), and Group 3 (four cattle).The volume of the biogas digester is approximately 6.3 m, which is typically suitable for households with three cattle, operating at an OLR of 5.78-6.00kg-VS day -1 .Under these conditions, the digesters demonstrated stable performance and achieved high biogas yields of 270-310 L kg-VS added -1. In contrast, households with four cattle experienced a higher OLR of 7.52-8.67kg-VS added day -1 , which resulted in lower biogas yields of 156-219 L kg-VS added -1. These findings suggest that the digester volume used in this study is not appropriate for households raising more than three cattle, as overloading can impair performance and reduce methane productivity.The study established the optimal digester volume corresponding to herd size to maximize biogas production efficiency.For future strategies, it is recommended to use post-digestion effluent (biogas effluent -BE) for cultivating Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum).This approach is a crucial step towards creating a closed-loop circular economy in cattle farming systems.