Chloride-induced corrosion poses a significant threat to the durability and service life of reinforced concrete structures, necessitating effective rehabilitation strategies. This research provides a comprehensive review of electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) for reinforced concrete structures. It explores the mechanisms behind ECE and highlights the factors that influence the treatment's efficiency. Key elements discussed include ECE setup parameters (current density, treatment duration, anode/electrolyte type, temperature) and concrete mix properties (binder type, water-to-binder ratio, cover thickness, reinforcement details). The review also explores ECE's effects on concrete microstructure, including hydration products, porosity, alkali-aggregate reaction, and potential for hydrogen embrittlement, as well as its impact on steel-concrete bond and compressive strength. Understanding these interdependencies is crucial for optimizing ECE applications. Our analysis concludes that current density is paramount for ECE efficiency, with higher densities generally increasing removal. However, careful selection is crucial to prevent adverse effects like hydrogen embrittlement and bond loss between steel and concrete. Furthermore, the Well-considered choice of anode and electrolyte is critical for project-specific success and maximizing ECE effectiveness.

Urban heritage reflects the cultural and historical significance inherent in cities. Heritage environments are pivotal attractions, distinguished by their landscapes, buildings, meanings, and patterns that illustrate the historical and cultural context. The conservation and development of cultural heritage constitutes a primary focus of urban renewal policies, with protecting both their buildings and heritage spaces being a critical trend in urban settings. This represents considerable challenge for planners and designers, as it is essential to ensure that renewal and development activities do not detract from the visual identity of the locality and its heritage district. Unplanned renewal operations may expose these areas to various pressures that may affect their value. Heritage urban spaces, such as plazas and streets, are a destination for residents and visitors to the heritage area. Thus, efforts must be made to make these spaces better quality, vibrant, integrated, and sustainable. By making the historic buildings in heritage urban spaces sufficiently visible, it is possible to recognize their historical significance and value and preserve the city's cultural heritage. This paper evaluates the effect of renewal projects in heritage urban spaces on the visibility of historic buildings and how these projects affect their spaces’ use and the movement in it. The approach involves on-site observation and movement mapping, in conjunction with space syntax to facilitate an understanding and prediction of user behavior and movement. Additionally, the isovist model is employed to better comprehend how visual stimuli influence perception and movement within the urban environment. The renewal project of the surroundings of Al-Sayed Al-Badawy Mosque in Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, was selected as a case study because of its significance as a religious tourism area in the middle of the Delta. The study showed the impact of renovation works on the urban space on the visual identity of the heritage area. This emphasized the need to integrate the space syntax structure as a tool in the design decision-making process when renovating and developing heritage urban spaces alongside traditional methods to enhance successful open spaces. In addition, it is necessary to study the existing uses in the heritage urban space and its impact on movement and density in the proposed design.