Although numerous research has been conducted on the versatility of the strategies for teaching the English language, studies on the indispensability of scaffolding strategies to enhance the teaching of English syntactical structures are limited. The present study analysed the indispensability of these strategies for improving the synthesis of English syntactical structures at a South African secondary school. A qualitative research approach was adopted to obtain an in-depth understanding of the indispensability of using scaffolding strategies in teaching synthesis of syntactical structures to Grade 10 English First Additional Language (EFAL) learners. The population of this study comprised seven teachers who had more than five years of teaching experience at the secondary school level. Five purposively sampled teachers participated in this study because the researchers did not want to have abnormal findings and discussions. The sample was a true representative of the entire population because learners taught were from the same rural communities and share similar characteristics such as limited exposure to the appropriate use of the English. language. Data were collected using classroom observations and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Using thematic analysis, a preliminary investigation was conducted on three schoolteachers who were not part of the target respondents and were reluctant to use scaffolding strategies in the classroom. Nonetheless, after applying scaffolding strategies, the respondents performed profoundly. The implication of the present study necessitates the indispensability of scaffolding strategies. This study argues for the constant use of scaffolding strategies in synthesising English syntactical structures.

This study intends to develop Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) Module for English for Academic Purposes Subject at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. The MOOC aims to equip learners, regardless of department, faculty, or participating campus, with the necessary English language skills to succeed in an academic environment. In order to improve the effectiveness of online learning from these courses, an elearning platform, such as MOOC, that can accommodate a large number of students from departments and faculties, as well as from other campuses that are members of the Study Program Implementing Collaborative Free Learning Curriculum -Independent Campus". The MOOC is developed through Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) model that is organized systematically to address issues with learning that relate to instructional media that meet students' requirements and personality traits. A questionnaire was used for evaluation, and the elements were taken directly from the Computer System Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ). The ADDIE (Analysis, Design, construction, Implementation, and Evaluation) approach was used to guide the construction of the MOOC in this study, and the results of the usability evaluation add to the body of knowledge already available on MOOCs. The MOOC achieved a very good rating with an average score of 82.66%, indicating it effectively meets these quality standards. The average score of 78.50% translates to a good rating, indicating a positive user experience with the MOOC. When respondents were asked to comment on the MOOC's strengths the capacity to make students' learning easier emerged as the most prevalent.

This study investigated the effectiveness of using the Grammarly application in teaching English language writing skills. A mixed-methods approach was utilised to collect data from 100 English language learners with diverse backgrounds and levels of proficiency. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that used Grammarly or a control group that received traditional writing instruction. The study collected quantitative and qualitative data, including pre-and post-test assessments of writing skills and surveys and interviews exploring participants' perceptions of Grammarly. Quantitative data analysis showed a significant improvement in the experimental group's writing skills regarding grammatical accuracy, vocabulary use, and overall writing quality. The effect size was also calculated to determine the magnitude of the difference between the two groups. Qualitative data analysis revealed that participants positively perceived Grammarly, including its user-friendliness and ability to provide personalized feedback. The findings suggest that Grammarly effectively teaches English language writing skills and can supplement traditional writing instruction. The study provides insights into the benefits and limitations of Grammarly and its potential impact on English language learners' writing skills. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion on integrating technology in language learning and provides implications for language instructors and developers of writing applications.

Mobile devices are widely utilized today in language classrooms across the globe, and experts have studied this phenomenon. This study examines the use of mobile devices and the 4 Pics 1 Word application (app) to support English language learning. This study seeks to investigate students’ perceptions of 4 Pics 1 Word app utilized in vocabulary class, specifically in terms of its benefits. Using a qualitative case study design, 40 EFL students attending a junior high school in Medan participated in this study. The data were collected through questionnaires containing ten statements in which the answer options are strongly agreed, agreed, neutral, disagreed, and strongly disagree; and semi-structured interview, which was done with five students who voluntarily participated. The findings indicate that students viewed the use of 4 Pics 1 Word in vocabulary class positively. It is believed that the application is efficient and well-designed, with an exciting and enjoyable learning environment. Enhanced learning motivation and interest, increased vocabulary mastery, and a more active and enjoyable learning process are among the benefits mentioned by the students.

Willingness to Communicate (WTC) has been extensively scrutinized over the last few decades. However, although there has been much research focusing on WTC, a few studies explored the students' unwillingness to communicate (UWTC) and its influential factors, notably in Indonesian higher education. Hence, the present study aims to delineate the students' UWTC and its influential factors while learning English speaking in the Survival English Course. Six English Education Department students of a state university in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia took part as investigative participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that students tended to indicate UTC while learning English speaking in the Survival English Course. In addition, the factors influencing their WTC encompassed students' less self-confidence, students' learning anxiety, demotivated to speak English, classroom atmosphere, unintelligible pronunciation, and uninteresting topics. Given these facts, understanding the students' UWTC and its influential factors enables the teacher to apply appropriate teaching methods, instructional media, and teaching materials coherently. By doing so, the students' UWTC can be mitigated and transformed to be WTC.

This study aims to investigate whether students with introverted and extroverted personalities have significantly different levels of anxiety or not. This study involved 59 students of the English Education Study Program at one of the state universities in North Sumatra. Samples were taken randomly from five classes of sixth semester students who took the Public Speaking course. Semi-structured technique was used in data collection. The data was processed by using two methods; statistical calculations for quantitative data related to the results of filling out questionnaires regarding their level of anxiety when doing public speaking which consists of 17 questions, as well as substantive analysis for qualitative data related to the results of comparison of responses from respondents. The results shows that that 31.03% of introvert students having high anxiety, followed by 68.97% students possessing moderate level of public speaking anxiety. In contrary, 13.33% of extrovert students having high anxiety, followed by 86.67% of them having moderate level of anxiety. The biggest anxiety of respondents is in context “my heart pounds when I give a speech”, where introvert students averagely in 4.03 and extrovert students in 3.03. There are numerous suggestion that students and educators can use to overcome the issues.

This research was to determine the impact of using the "peer-assessment" technique through "google classroom" on student’s writing skills. The sample of this research is the students of class X SMP Indonesian Language. Students of grade ten C for control and grade ten D for the treatment class. The sample were all the students in that class. As the representative of the population, convenience sampling is part of the non-probability sampling used by researchers. Written test was chosen as the research instrument. For the calibration of the items, the researcher used indicators as an assessment rubric by using pre-test and post-test to determine the results of learners' writing skills. The results of this study are the average score (x) of the pre-test learners from treatment was 44 and the average score of the post-test learners as a variable (x) is 71.25. However, the mean score (x) pre-achievement of the learners from the control class was 49.25 and the average score was 79.75. Fulfillment of raters for Google Classroom was insignificant for the learners' composing skills, experimental learners' scores are not better than the control class. Another hypothesis was rejected. The results of the statistical analysis the items showed for the value of sig (2tailed) post-test score was greater than the value (0.92 > 0.05). Therefore, we can conclude that H0 (zero hypothesis) of this study is acceptable.

WhatsApp and Quizizz were used for English online learning during Covid-19 pandemic in three English classes of Islamic education department at IAIN Palangka Raya in Academic Year 2019/2020. The use of WhatsApp and Quizizz as the learning media for English online learning was important to be evaluated in order to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of those media by allowing the students to give their perspectives on the use of those media since they have concrete experience of using those media. Moreover, there were still no research reports that had been published regarding the perspectives of the EFL students in higher education on the use of WhatsApp and Quizizz as the learning media for English online learning during Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the perspectives of the EFL students in higher education on the use of WhatsApp and Quizizz as the learning media for English online learning during Covid-19 pandemic. This research was designed as a qualitative survey research. The participants of this research were 102 second semester students from three English classes of Islamic education department at IAIN Palangka Raya in Academic Year 2019/2020. The result of this research showed that the students gave positive response on the use of WhatsApp and Quizizz as the learning media for English online learning during Covid-19 pandemic. It could be inferred that WhatsApp and Quizizz were the appropriate learning media to support English online learning process in higher education during Covid-19 pandemic