Coal-ash slurry transportation via pipelines has been accepted as a potential, economical, and dependable mode of two-phase flow of solid-liquid transportation. It is solid-liquid transportation where the ash slurry generally flows through mild steel, and a good amount of pump energy and pressure is required to convey the slurry with a density above 1220 kg/m3. The study is basically on the water hammer analysis of ash slurry conveying pipes. Nevertheless, since the hammer analysis is typically carried out in normal water, the study of ash slurry is compared to the know criteria of potable water. The study aims to understand the flow characteristics of such pipelines. Investigators worldwide have been analyzing the flow experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. HAMMER and WaterGEMS software was used to carry out the hydraulic analysis of such pipelines and to monitor the maximum transient pressure head being developed. The above software was further used to monitor the maximum transient pressure head being developed due to a sudden power failure which caused the stoppage of the regular pump operation. A transient stress analysis was performed on the pipelines where the maximum transient pressure head was detected. For necessary safety measurements of the pipelines, the ultimate transient stresses were computed from the parameters observed in the software results to find whether such pipes are safe. In the same system, the transient head observed due to the slurry hammer was approximately two times the transient head observed in the water flow. The operational pressure incorporates the slurry pipeline pressure at a steady state to surmount friction and static heads. The code requires that the pressure level increase due to surges not exceeding at any time the internal design and implemented pressure of more than 10%.

Plastic has been an essential part of our daily life. However, the increasing plastic consumption has led to an increasing land and water contamination by said plastics. The Indonesian government has set five actions on managing marine plastic debris, one of them is by improving the plastic recycling system. Multilayer plastic was identified as a challenge to the plastic waste recycling. This is because there are differences in properties, such as melting point, which will cause difficulty in mechanical recycling. This study aims to create a mapping of available options to solve problems of low value plastic (LVP) waste in Indonesia and to assess the readiness level of key aspects in implementing the available options. Interviews was done with twelve experts on the field of material or energy recovery from plastic waste, especially LVP, to find the available technology options which include but not limited to their primary features, readiness status and feasibility, and potential market size. The evaluation was based on a set of criteria in technology, environment, social, and economy viewpoints. Three top low hanging options are conversion to plastic lumber, refuse derived fuel (RDF) production, and conversion to plastic products. All the three processes have mature technology and local availability. The challenges include a good branding and marketing strategy to expand market, endorsement, and recognition from government, including recycle content standard and more cost-effective collection. Further investigation has to be done for RDF utilization in industrial boilers. More promotion and introduction of recycled products have to be performed in order to create market to allow a sustainable recycling industry.

Community participation is required for managing solid waste. In Indonesia, community acceptance and participation in solid waste management are assessed by the presence of a waste bank at the village or neighborhood level. This study aimed to find out the source, economic potency, and handling system of solid waste in a village setting. This study took place at Ketapang Village, Mauk Sub District, Tangerang Regency, Indonesia. This study evaluated the community participation in the waste bank in Ketapang Village, which is called, Sakumis Bersalaman Waste Bank, and its potential to manage solid waste and generate some profits for the community. Some steps were performed to obtain the answer to the research question. A desk review was conducted to analyze the current waste management practice. Solid waste generation data was taken from an 8-days survey of the collected waste managed by the waste bank. In-depth interviews with 96 households were conducted to find out the potential of future waste bank development. It was found that from 1,988 households in Ketapang Village only 448 households participated in Sakumis Bersalaman Waste Bank. Based on the results of the analysis on the questionnaire which was distributed randomly to 182 households which are communities around the waste bank, it was found that 51.4% of respondents were not yet members of the waste bank. From this percentage, 94.4% of them declared that they want to be waste bank members. It is suggested to Shakumis Bersalaman Waste Bank to add members so that more waste will be recycled. In this way, the community will receive more benefits. From the results, we concluded that community participation through a waste bank, especially a better waste management system, is the potential way to increase the economic level of the village. Moreover, a waste bank could facilitate better solid waste management and produce a sustainable circular economy at the village level.

Housing conditions in the coral barracks become interesting as research subjects to find out that the housing condition covers all-encompassing in both the dwelling’s physical attributes and housing satisfaction. Generally, having satisfactory housing accommodation is among the most prized aspects of human begins’ lives and a key component of people’s material living standards. The aim of this study was to assess the attributes and level of housing conditions in Coral Barracks, Nigeria to explore housing conditions and their attributes and cover only the non-commissioned officers’ quarters. A quantitative method using a questionnaire survey was used and the population size was 774 apartments with a sample size of 260, while the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as parametric measurements. A total number of 194 questionnaires retrieved from the respondents were used in the analyses. The findings from the physical condition attributes showed that the number of bedrooms, walls, and floors were in fair condition, while the roof, kitchen, and toilet/bath were in poor condition. Neighborhood attributes of hospitals, worship centers, sports facilities, and schools were in fair condition, building services attributes of security, water supply, fire protection, sewage & solid waste disposal and road networks were in fair condition, while laundry, internet, and drainage are in poor condition. The study recommends that a standard strategic plan for efficient barrack housing construction, management, and maintenance be designed. Dealing with the study, it can be concluded that housing conditions in coral barracks, Nigeria, are in the condition that requires rehabilitation to revitalize the standard of the housing condition implied that the management of Coral Barracks through the Logistics Department and Engineering Maintenance Group (EMG) is requested to expeditiously carry out general renovation of the soldiers’ accommodation as well as improve on the provision of auxiliary building services and neighbourhoods amenities in the study area with this it may still be part of the conclusion that the housing condition in the study is not fair.

Plastic products have been an integral part of human lives. However, concerns over plastic pollution have been growing. Thus, alternative practices that allow more sustainable production and consumption pattern are urgently needed. Improving plastic recycling management is one of the solutions to prevent an increase in plastic pollution. This paper aims to uncover the potential of plastic recycling, to define factors that can leverage the expansion of the recycling process, and to evaluate possible measures that can realize such expansion, especially given the limited literature on these topics. Therefore, a four-month study, which involved two months of rigorous primary survey and interview and secondary data collection process to obtain valuable and accountable raw data, was conducted between October 2019–January 2020. The conducted study showed that the urban population in Java Island generated around 189,349 t of plastic waste per month, but only 11.83% of it was collected. The remaining 88.17% was either directly transported to landfills or littered in the environment. Five major plastic types were collected in the recycling stream, namely, rigid PP (25%), film HDPE (20%), rigid PET (20%), rigid HDPE (14%), and film PP (9%) with more than 80% of collected plastic waste originating from waste pickers. The paper highlights the major challenges in improving post-consumer recycling: (i) failure of post-consumer plastic recyclable to meet the quality industrial standard; (ii) limited recycling processes and infrastructure; (iii) low market demand for recycled products.

Conserving land capability is a pillar of sustainable development strategy. Land units comprising unique combinations of native vegetation, soils, geology, and landforms are used to interpret local environmental processes and land capabilities. An emerging practice is extrapolation modeling of edaphic parameter surfaces in Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) using statistical correlation. Commercial studies of land capability for sustainable development, including a mine closure in a national park, another closure for grazing land restoral, urban stormwater flood mitigation, and wind farm development in plantation forestry, are presented to illustrate applications and review the utility of DSM data. The first case, a mine closure plan in Kakadu National Park in the Arnhem Land region of Australia’s Northern Territory, involved the application of ecological methods to identify land unit patterns and design soil covers to support land capability for biodiversity. Species distribution models with good predictive performance (Receiver Operating Characteristic, ROC > 0.8) were used to assess biodiversity outcomes in the conceptual mine landform design. The second case, a coal project near Rockhampton in Central Queensland, assessed land capability from routine soil surveys and land unit mapping to plan mine rehabilitation for grazing land use. The third case, an end-of-pipe stormwater detention basin in Darwin, discussed the justification for capital works and low impact urban development practices. The fourth case involved the decommissioning of a wind farm project on a forestry plantation near Maryborough, Central Queensland. The study used surveyed soil and landscape properties and modeled DSM data with plant-available soil water capacity to three meters depth to evaluate the forest site quality and quantify the potential production loss. Applications of land capability for sustainability planning are demonstrated, and the utility of edaphic modeling is discussed. Uncertainty in DSM data and the implications for interpreting land capability need to be more clearly communicated.

This review of the impact of large-scale pumping on arsenic distribution reveals that groundwater-fed irrigation and domestic withdrawal impart tremendous stress on the limited groundwater resource base and disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of the groundwater system of the Ganges–Meghna–Brahmaputra (GMB) delta in Southeast Asia. Excessive groundwater extraction through pumping affects the groundwater quality in three major ways. First, excessive pumping transports atmospheric oxygen and organic-rich surface water to the subsurface. Second, it promotes arsenic build up in surface soil irrigated with arsenic-laced groundwater. Finally, it shifts groundwater replenishment zones lying at various depths near extraction points, thus, carrying dissolved arsenic from shallow Holocene paleo-channel aquifers to deeper paleo-channel aquifers of the Pleistocene age. Optimal management for safe and sustainable groundwater exploitation operations in the area must aim to ameliorate the deleterious impacts of pumping on groundwater quality through either technological or policy intervention.

In the modern condition of economy transformation, in the result of reformation of social insurance system appeared different problems. In the result of previous research about the transformation of social insurance system we defined some disadvantages of this sphere expressed in candidate dissertation on theme “Features of development and modernisation of social security system in the national economy of Tajikistan”. The problems regarding to amount of social insurance influenced to the research in the aspect of auditing. So, just by controlling and revision procedures determines economic based decisions for decreasing problems. Methods. In the process of our research, we used several methods of research work, such as, observation, interviews, comparison analyses and accounting calculations by different important primary materials of SASIP (State Agency of Social Insurance and Pension) of Republic of Tajikistan. Results and discussion. In order to the offered theory, used author’s formula (AAR = Ri * Rci * Rnf) and conceptions of auditing influences to the quality of revision process and by solution defined the real condition of the main indicators of social insurance system. The result of this solution improves the process of audit procedures for correctly making decisions. Conclusion. In the modern of sustainable development of economy each sphere must follow to the time requirements. That is why auditors and accountants of any type of companies, just of social insurance system have to work by national confirmed regulations of the country and in the case of appearing any problem organize discussion clubs for solution them.

In developing countries, on average, one out of five children die from pneumonia. Death from pneumonia is most prevalent in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia. Many factors can cause pneumonia. In Jakarta, the prevalence period of pneumonia in toddlers reached 19.6‰, which is higher than the national prevalence period of only 18.5‰. This study used a cross-sectional research design to analyze the relationship between disease prevalence and risk factors simultaneously. Results showed that, out of 721 children under 5 years old investigated in this study, 31 toddlers suffered from pneumonia. Furthermore, bivariate analysis showed that two variables were related to the incidence of pneumonia, namely, low maternal education (odds ratio [OR] = 2.325, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.093–4.946) and living room ventilation10% of the total space because the lack of air circulation induces the transmission of pneumonia.

Educational games are essential in explaining theories to students as such activities create a fun learning environment. Most educational games in supply chain management (SCM) are focused on SCM or logistics theories. In the last decades, the research in environmentally conscious SCM has increased. However, the educational games related to such SCM are limited. This work is the first to use the detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) approach in teaching students SCM. The research output is a game called “Robo Factory,” which involves a simulation of a robot production supply chain. The research objective is to educate undergraduate students about the SCM structure, the duties and responsibilities of SCM actors, the LCA approach, and the cost types in SCM and LCA. The paper describes the game design process. The game design entails three steps: (1) game conceptualization and prototype design; (2) prototype trial, evaluation, and finalization of game rules; and (3) final games. Evaluation results indicate that the game successfully teaches undergraduate students about the theory of LCA in SCM in an enjoyable manner. The posttest shows an overall increase in students’ knowledge. The paper presents the future research directions and implications for scholars to enhance their contributions.