Emotional responses of parents to children's death in early modern Europe were studied in thirty-three portraits of dead children and their families, commissioned by parents from aristocracy and bourgeoisie. They show the embodiment of emotions varying from sadness to resignation, and from hope to joy in various Christian denominations and concern deceased young girls and boys alike. As visual pendant of deathbed narratives, these portraits bring the viewer face to face with mourning parents and their dead children. Our conclusions go beyond the selected portraits because they represent only a fraction of the large number of such paintings then made.

Drawing on extensive archival sources, egodocuments – letters written by women during the Soviet era – and papers from governmental institutions within the medical system, this article explores the correlation of domestic violence and decisions around pregnancy termination in Soviet Lithuania. The author argues that social, economic, and emotional dependence on male partners, as well as physical and emotional violence women experienced, determined their reproductive choices, and were major factors in abortion decisions. Furthermore, this research reveals a problematic representation of domestic violence and abortion motives in the strategy of the Soviet public discourse, and explores the limitations of local government-sanctioned experts in addressing relevant concerns.

In this study, we develop a graph-theoretic network model for genealogical data. It is based on the naming system used by the Galo tribe in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. P-graphs are used to visually represent the genealogy. According to the analysis of the network on social network metrics, the genealogical network is a sparsely connected, scale-free network with an average path length of 11.615 and a graph density of 0.002. Only a small portion of its nodes have high centrality values. The network has three communities, twenty authority nodes, two hub nodes, and observed no relinking marriages.

The father–son relationship between Charles the Bald and his eldest son Louis the Stammerer is generally understood as one of hostility and distrust. This article takes several episodes from the final decades of Charles the Bald's reign to question this, re-examining how royal Carolingian fathers and royal Carolingian sons could take steps to overcome previous conflicts and arguing that political ties within the royal family were more robust, and consequently of different significance for our understanding of Carolingian politics, than is usually understood.

The study focuses on the conflictual, abusive relationships between spouses in the second half of the long nineteenth century in Bohemia. We will trace the ways in which constructions of masculinity and femininity in the past have influenced the possibilities for perpetrating violence and how offenders have defended their behaviour. The children were also part of the conflicts and sometimes displayed problematic behaviour. In addition to the judicial apparatus, marital disputes also involved town parish priests, and families, possible witnesses in cases of marital divorce. We will also focus on using gender-related swear words during the conflicts.