Background and Objective: Oral health literacy (OHL) is a type of health literacy that specifically focuses on people`s literacy and knowledge about oral health. It has been shown that oral health literacy can be a powerful predictor of people's health, health-related behaviors, and medical outcomes. As parents play a crucial role in their child`s health, in this study we aimed to assess the oral health literacy of the adults and its relation with their children`s dental status.Materials and Methods: Four hundred parents with their children participated in this cross-sectional study. Two hundred OHL questionnaires were distributed to parents of 3–6-year-old patients referred to pediatric hospitals for any reason. The OHL was assessed in three domains: reading comprehension, numeracy and appropriate decision-making. The score were categorized as inadequate, 0-7; marginal, 8-9, and adequate, 10-15. Then a dentist did the dental examination of their children, and the DMFT (decay-missing-filled teeth) index was calculated. Chi-square, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparative analysis.Results: 69.2%, 21.2% and 9.6% of the parents had inadequate, marginal and adequate OHL, respectively. The mean DMFT was 4.5±4.47 (median:3) with minimum of 0 and maximum of 17. The mean age of parents and children did not differ between 3 groups of OHL, but DMFT was significantly higher in participant with inadequate OHL (p=0.03). The mean DMFT was also higher in families with greater than four family members(p=0.002). It is shown that the frequency of inadequate OHL was higher among parents with lower education(p=0.002), while the DMFT did not differ in 3 groups of education(p=0.84).Conclusion: Parents with inadequate OHL was associated with high children’s dental caries. So, conducting oral health education for parents is essential. Holding training classes in health centers can improve the parent’s oral health literacy, and hopefully motivate them to look after their child’s dental health.

The Covid-19 infectious disease is caused by a new coronavirus. Its outbreak was first discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and it quickly became a pandemic of this century [1]. The rapid spread of the virus has caused countries to face a large number of infected people, so that as of August 8, 2020, globally, 19,187,943 people have been infected by the virus, and 716,075 people have died.. It is estimated that the mortality rate of this disease is between 1 to 5%, but it varies with age and other health conditions such as a history of underlying diseases . A significant proportion of deaths from Covid-19 infectious occur in the elderly and those with underlying diseases .Preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing the morbidity and mortality of this disease . Measures such as training, awareness promoting, attitude, and adopting preventative and protective actions are an important strategy to prevent Covid-19.

Background and objective: Pregnancy is one of the most critical stages in women's lives which is associated with physical, psychological, and often reduced the quality of life. Health literacy is an important element in the ability of a woman to engage in health promotion and prevention activities for herself and her children. This study aimed to determine the relationship of health literacy to the quality of life and some of the demographic factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pregnant women who were referred to health centers of Gonabad city in 2016 who were selected by census method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, health literacy and quality of life, and analyzed by ANOVA, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 27.21±5.4. Total score of health literacy and their quality of life were 103.522±14.507 and 72.611±11.474 respectively. There was a positive and significant relationship between health literacy and quality of life. Health literacy as a predictor of the two dimensions of physical and mental health was the quality of life. Health literacy was significantly correlated with education but did not correlate with other demographic variables. Also, quality of life had a significant relationship with education level and the number of pregnancies. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the level of health literacy and its dimensions is essential to have a better quality so staff and health authorities should have paid attention to the relationship between these two components. Paper Type: Research Article.

Background and objective: The relation of low health literacy with negative health consequences such as less adopting of preventive behaviors, premature death and weaker state of health has been proven. Due to the increase of using smoking among students, this study was performed with the purpose of determining and comparing health literacy among smoker and non-smoker students. Methods: This research is the cross-sectional study among dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran was performed. The sample size of 360 people has been included by single-stage random cluster sampling. The data collection tools were demographic information and health literacy questionnaire (HELIA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test in SPSS (ver.16). Results: 59.1% (n=201) were studied non-smoker students, 17.1% (n=58) had experienced smoking and 23.8% (n=81) were current smokers. The mean and standard deviation of health literacy score were 70.52±14.12 from 100. The dimensions of understanding and access to the highest mean score, and then the decision making and application of health information had the lowest mean score. There was a significant difference between the mean of health literacy in two groups of smoker and non-smoker students. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the dimensions of understanding, decision making and application of health information and access in two groups of smoker and non-smoker students (P<0.05). Conclusion: In order to design smoking prevention interventions in students, special attention should be paid to health literacy and its dimensions in this field. Paper Type: Research Article.

Background and objective: Health literacy represents the whole range of skills and resources that is related to individuals' ability to process information around health and wellness. The present study aimed to determine the effects of educational intervention on health literacy among female students in the second year of study at high school in the academic year of 95-96 at Siahkal city. Methods:It is a randomized, controlled trial. The population consists of 132 students (71 students in the intervention group, 61 students in the control group) who were selected between girl students in the second year of study at high school in Siahkal city via convenience sampling method and were divided randomly into one intervention group and one control group. To collect data, health literacy of student’s questionnaire (HELMA) was used in two stages (pre-test and post-test). The intervention group was received four health literacy training sessions. Paired t-test, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data using spss21 software. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the mean of domains of the two groups including reading skills, evaluating and computing domains. However, there is no significant difference between two groups in comparison of some skills such as accessing, understanding, communicating, self-efficacy, use and also the general domain study. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of educational intervention is effective on empowerment and improving the health literacy of girl students. It is evident in the area of understanding, calculating and evaluating the effects of intervention. Paper Type:Research Article.

Background and objective: cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a critical process to save the lives of patients which can be more successful by training people. With regard to the role of teachers in education, this study aimed to compare the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation introductory lectures on knowledge of multimedia and primary school teachers was conducted in Bushehr in 2015. Methods:In this Randomized educational trial training, schools with the method of available and randomly were divided in two groups of multimedia and lectures. The sample consisted of 100 teachers of elementary schools in Bushehr. The pretest in two groups was conducted and after one month of intervention, the post-test (immediately and a month later) was conducted. Data were analyzed with using independent t test , t test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA. Results: The results showed that average score of knowledge in each group from before up to after training increased (p=0.111). The results showed, significant differences before of intervention, in knowledge score in two groups were not observed (p = 0.134). Comparing of the change in the mean knowledge score between the two groups on post-test scores, showed no significant difference (p = 0.212). Conclusion: Although the results showed the effectiveness of teaching and similar efficacy in two groups of multimedia and lectures but in situations where there is no possibility of lectures can be used multimedia techniques. Paper Type:Research Article.

Background and objective: Health literacy includes the capacity to understand and act on messages which is the center of critical judgments and decisions not only within the health care environments but also about health issues. The relationship between health literacy of adolescents and body mass index has been less studied. Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between health literacy and BMI among adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study conducted on 400 male and female students studying in the second period of high schools, who were selected by multistage random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, health literacy (questionnaire of HELMA) and BMI-related questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and appropriate tests. Results: 37.5% (n=150) had inadequate health literacy, 37% (n = 148) not so adequate health literacy, 22.5% (n = 90) adequate health literacy and 3% (n = 12) had excellent health literacy. The mean and standard deviation of mean body mass index of subjects was calculated as 23.63 4.89, respectively. There was no significant and Strong correlation between health literacy level and body mass index. Conclusion: Due to lack of relationship between health literacy and BMI it seems that various other variables besides health literacy influence body mass index. Paper Type:Research Article.