One of the primary design tools Ottoman architects employed in the creation of their buildings and planning architectural spaces was geometric proportions. The Sultan Bayezid II Mosque in Istanbul, which was designed in a very distinctive geometric way but hasn't been thoroughly studied and discussed by researchers before, is a perfect example of how to apply geometric proportions. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the optimal geometric proportions that guided the construction of the mosque's plans and interior spaces. The architectural significance of the mosque in the history of Ottoman architecture is highlighted in this study, which employs a historical and analytical research method. After that, the architectural drawings were examined geometrically to demonstrate the proportions on which the mosque was constructed. The proportional shapes explored in the mosque's drawings confirmed that ideal geometric proportions were of great value in the minds of the engineers and architects who designed the mosque. The study's findings further support the mosque's architectural significance and geometric richness.

Astana Sunan Gunung Jati is a royal burial complex and religious leadership site located in Cirebon, West Java-Indonesia, representing a unique model of acculturation and adaptation from diverse cultures and traditions. This research aims to examine a masterpiece of 14th-century architecture to understand the adaptation processes involved in its construction and uncover the aesthetic contributions from various sources to the design of Astana Sunan Gunung Jati. The primary challenge lies in harmoniously integrating diverse cultural elements and the influences of various religions that shape its design and aesthetics. This study focuses on the representation of different cultural elements interacting and contributing to the Islamic cultural richness in Cirebon, particularly in the visualization of the nine symbolic gates of Astana Sunan Gunung Jati. Employing a qualitative approach, the research delves into cultural adaptation into visual forms, utilizing historical data, literature, and in-depth interviews with relevant parties knowledgeable about Astana Sunan Gunung Jati. The findings reveal that the design of Astana Sunan Gunung Jati adopts a pluralistic and multicultural approach, blending models of 'native cultural preservation' and 'cultural contact synergy'. This reflects the cultural convergence from sources including Sundanese, Javanese, Islamic, Buddhist, and Hindu traditions, contributing to the visual richness of the structure. Moreover, this research significantly shapes the cultural identity of Cirebon. The cultural adaptation process in the design of Astana Sunan Gunung Jati, which has endured for approximately 700 years, holds profound insights into the aspects of maintenance, preservation, and conservation, serving as a role model for cultural heritage. It offers valuable insights into how cultural identity forms and is preserved in complex and diverse environments, particularly concerning design and aesthetics.

This research examines the construction techniques and principles of sustainability in the architecture of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, one of the most prominent examples of Islamic architecture. The main goal is to identify the sustainability elements of this mosque, emphasizing the use of local materials and traditional methods so that it can be presented as a model for contemporary architecture. The research deals with environmental challenges and the need to design sustainable buildings in today's world, which is faced with a decrease in natural resources and an increase in demand. In this regard, the research questions are: 1- What construction and architectural techniques have been used in the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque that have contributed to its stability and durability over time? 2- How can the sustainability techniques in the architecture of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque be used as a model for the design of contemporary buildings? The method of this research is considered interpretative-historical. Its content has been prepared and adjusted using descriptive-analytical and library-documentary studies as well as field studies. The findings show that the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque has achieved stability and durability by using architectural techniques in accordance with climatic conditions. The conclusion emphasizes that the principles of Islamic architecture, especially the use of local materials and environmentally friendly methods, can inspire contemporary architecture. The implications of this research include providing practical models for today's architects who seek to design sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings. The key contribution of this research is in reviving traditional techniques and matching them with new technologies. The novelty and originality of this research is that, for the first time, it has carefully examined Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque from the perspective of sustainability and links these concepts to contemporary architecture, which can be influential in the design of future buildings.

Education, a pivotal mechanism for fostering sustainable development, is crucial in shaping sustainable behavior. This article delves into the Islamic conception of sustainability, an increasingly relevant perspective in today's global context. Establishing a sustainable educational framework within higher education institutions is crucial for achieving sustainability objectives. The selection of Islamic values was based on the understanding that they have the potential to shape human behavior. The data gathered through archival methodologies and the selected textual materials were deemed appropriate for the study's specific context. Expertise was also a key factor in the analytical process. The data underwent examination utilizing both network and content analysis methodologies. The findings reveal that the sustainability principles outlined in the Quran and Hadith provide a comprehensive framework addressing diverse environmental, social, and economic issues. The Quran emphasizes the importance of utilizing and preserving land and water resources to prevent global ecological collapse. Simultaneously, the Hadith advocates for implementing and understanding the principle of sharing among sentient beings to foster social and economic sustainability. This emphasis on education's role in shaping sustainable behavior is inspiring and motivating.

ABSTRACT; this study aims to explore the history and evolution of geometric models in Islamic architecture up to the Ottoman era. It seeks to understand the emergence of these models and their uses in the Islamic era, analyzing the cultural, religious, and social factors that influenced their appearance and design. The study reveals the ingenuity of early Muslims in architectural engineering, as they not only depicted their architectural works in two-dimensional drawings but also created three-dimensional geometric models using precise engineering methods. This trend extended beyond Muslim architects to include foreign architects who admired and documented Islamic architecture with geometric models. The study investigates the significance, purposes, diverse forms, and materials used in the production of these models, emphasizing the cultural, artistic, and engineering dimensions of this heritage. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of preserving this heritage and deepening the understanding of its impact on the present. The researcher employs several research methods, including the historical-inductive approach by tracing references in historical sources, and the descriptive-analytical method for selected models remaining from these geometric models. Additionally, the study examines the technological development and innovation in the production of these models and their advanced uses in modern times through modern engineering software, known as three-dimensional modeling.

Apart from encompassing building techniques, functionality, and aesthetics, architecture encompasses power relations and knowledge within a building design. The knowledge embraced by architects manifests itself within the building as a textual message that users can understand. This study explores the interaction between power relations and knowledge that give rise to discourse in the design of the Tuatunu Grand Mosque in Pangkalpinang, Bangka. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with random probability sampling, this research examines the influence of architects' power relations and knowledge on the architecture of the Tuatunu Grand Mosque. It sheds light on the discourse among its users. The findings of this study reveal that the architect employed two types of knowledge, namely Malay culture and Islamic values. These two types of knowledge are reflected in four concepts encompassing ten architectural elements. The analysis results demonstrate a readability rate of 75% for the discourse among the informants. This figure indicates that the users have a sufficient understanding of the messages conveyed through each architectural element. Malay culture emerges as the dominant and most prominent discourse in the mosque's design compared to Islamic values. Malay culture is applied in seven architectural elements, while Islamic values are only present in three.

The uniqueness of each place needs to be preserved; therefore, this research will explore determining the relationship between the physical and social aspects that create the sense of place. The focus was on two corridors functioning as the primary access to the Grand Mosque of Kampong Ampel and the nodes of the religious and commercial area of Surabaya City, Indonesia. One hundred visitors in each corridor, 200 respondents in total, were surveyed, and data were collected using questionnaires, documentation processes, and interviews with local visitors and pilgrims and analyzed with the multiple linear regression method. The independent variables used were physical and social aspects, while the dependent variable was the sense of place. The results showed that, on average, both physical and social aspects contributed almost the same values to the sense of place in the researched areas. The aspects of the first corridor at the Grand Mosque were found to provide a medium relationship estimated to be 55.0%. In contrast, the second corridor at the Ampel Suci had a higher result, approximately 58.6%, with the social aspect discovered to be higher than the physical aspects of the sense of place. The summary shows that the two corridors have an averagely influence the concept of a sense of place. Based on the finding in this study, it is recommended that both corridors preserve the physical and social aspects of the sense of place, while others should be improved.

This paper addresses the challenge of defining and evaluating good design, considering the different ways of thinking about what constitutes good Islamic Design in different populations and market segments. The lack of a standard definition raises important issues, such as limiting evaluation tools without a shared understanding. To address this issue, this paper examines the characteristics of good design and the evaluation criteria used by design competition platforms worldwide. The research is based on a qualitative methodology; keyword coding and linking analysis the evaluation criteria of seven prominent design competition platforms. By creating a common understanding of these attributes inspired by the divine attributes of Asma-ul-Husna, this paper will improve communication between designers and critics, allowing them to explore innovative design ideas more freely and confidently. It is intended for perceptions of good design to evolve and be influenced by changing aesthetics, as well as user needs brought about by technological advances. This study reveals a cyclical pattern in which design preferences emerge periodically, as seen in movements such as postmodernism. Therefore, the attributes of good design must be timeless and universal to ensure lasting relevance. This paper proposes an evaluation criterion that considers existing global standards and identifies seven timeless themes universally applicable to evaluating good design. This result highlights the need for further research, including expert opinion, to refine the proposed criteria. Creating a common basis for interpreting the hallmarks of good design from the perspective of the divine attributes of The Creator benefits designers and critics. It contributes to the enduring importance of good design in an evolving design environment.

16th-century Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan's mosques are one of the most efficient, refined, and elegant examples of mosque architecture. Sinan's mosques, replicated until today, have also been built widely with modern technology and materials. However, the incompatibility of the structural system and materials are seen in many new mosques is identified as a problem in this study. The study aims to develop a novel design with a contemporary structural system and material based on the principles and schemes of Sinan's highly praised and adopted mosques. First, an ideal form was derived by detecting a harmony between Sinan's mosques and the chain model; then, it was transformed and optimized according to the requirements of the timber (CLT) folded plate envisaged to be applied on a small scale. Proportions of the Sinan's mosques, parametric design and Turkish triangle were benefited to define the size and form of the emerging model. Afterward, they were discussed and evaluated in terms of plan, section, and facade. The discussion is focused on structural form yet also mentions design flexibility according to local touch and sites. Finally, a novel, contemporary, and adaptable design model that evokes the image of Sinan's mosques has been proposed.

This research investigates the influence of extrinsic motivation on intrinsic motivation during worship at home and its implications for designing worship spaces within residential settings. The study explores the interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations by employing a mixed-method approach, including qualitative and quantitative methods such as sequential mixed methods and factor analysis. The findings reveal that extrinsic motivation significantly shapes intrinsic motivation during worship at home. The research highlights the significance of privacy in fostering intrinsic motivation during home worship, where private spaces create a conducive environment for individuals to attain solemnity in their worship. In contrast to public spaces like mosques, designing dedicated worship spaces at home becomes essential to ensure a disturbance-free and enhanced worship experience. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivations during worship at home. The identified tranquillity, spatial comfort, privacy, and spatial dimension can serve as essential considerations in designing worship spaces to enrich the worshippers' solemn experience within residential settings by architects or designers.