Chatbot has become an innovation for business to connect with customers. People can communicate with technology devices in the same way they would with real people through Chatbots. Traditional Chatbots typically depend on already programmed principles and replies, while AI (artificial intelligence) Chatbots comprehend and dynamically respond to user inquiries utilizing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML). Chatbots powered by AI have an increased requirement to communicate with customers in a fast and effective way. People can communicate with technology devices like they were speaking to a real person, which are software programs that simulate human conversation which can be texts or speeches. Many criteria quantitative criteria, including frequently asked questions (FAQs), security, brands, improving efficiency, and enhancing engagement, etc., and quantitative criteria, including cost, bot analytics built-in templates and customer relationship management (CRM), etc., need to be considered when evaluating AI Chatbots for companies to enhance customer service. Moreover, criteria may have different importance. Therefore, evaluating AI Chatbots is a MCDM (multiple criteria decision making) problem. Many companies do not know how to select the most suitable one to serve their customers. To address this issue, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), one of MCDM approaches, is used to evaluate AI Chatbots; and criteria weights will be produced by applying BWM (Best Worse Method). A numerical example will be used to present feasibility of the used method, and a comparison will be conducted to display its effectiveness.

Understanding how individuals respond to infectious exposure and how symptom patterns evolve over time is critical for developing effective long-term management strategies. This study examines data from northern China to analyze symptom variation and the risk of chronic progression associated with delayed response. We apply data-driven models to explore how individual characteristics—such as occupation, age, and gender—are associated with different symptom profiles and long-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that individuals engaged in agriculture, animal handling, and related sectors are significantly less likely to experience high-fever symptoms. Additionally, younger individuals and females tend to exhibit higher peak body temperatures during acute phases. Importantly, delays in response management correlate strongly with an increased likelihood of long-term complications, while general supportive actions—even without specific identification of the underlying cause—can help mitigate chronic progression. These insights contribute to more effective planning, resource prioritization, and decision-making for better strategic management of complex symptom-based conditions.

Companies rely on their knowledge of how their clients and customers will react in response to actions taken to run their businesses. What drives consumers to make their choices is a question that revolves around knowing the behavior of consumers and how their behaviors can be utilized to work best with the goals of the company. Price is one of the many factors that play a key role in the purchase decision. This study is designed to determine price sensitivity regarding luxury vs non-luxury products. For this study, shoes and water were used as product lines and subtle vs obvious price increases as the variable. Fielding two questionnaires to obtain both non-comparative and relative data, the objective was to perform research to see what causes consumers to buy the more expensive brand for identical or similar versions of the same product. This study provides insights into consumer behavior and price sensitivity in the presence and absence of a luxury/non-luxury competitor and across high and low involvement categories. It demonstrated that luxury brands can retain consumer willingness to buy with price increases. Price sensitivity and the threshold at which consumers will switch from a non-luxury product to a luxury product could be affected by the price point of the product category. This study strives to understand the effects of price variation in luxury versus non-luxury products on consumer decision making. It is important to know the threshold of price that drives consumers to make the purchase decisions that they do.

The online MBA enrollment trend has been on the rise even before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. The pandemic further accelerated this shift, with more prospective students considering remote study options. This poses a challenge for universities in preparing faculty for online instruction, given that instructors often lack prior exposure to online learning. The emergence of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, introduces a new technological dimension, prompting concerns about academic integrity. The paper provides strategic and practical approaches and resources for teaching an asynchronous online MBA marketing strategy course, addressing common challenges faced by instructors. It offers valuable insights into course content, assignments, time management, and integrating generative AI in the course. It aims to help marketing and management educators proficiently develop and implement comparable courses, especially those transitioning from traditional to online instruction.

This study’s objective was to determine factors that that sustain a quality dyad. Leaders are known to consciously and sub consciously form two groups; in-group and outgroup members. Studies have revealed that in-group members work overtime and perform extra duties and in turn, get favours from the leaders including career mobility and access to information, among other favours. Literature is unclear on how these groups are formed and this paper embarked on finding out the recipe of the formation and sustainability of a quality dyad. It was hypothesised that being a male member, trust and competence are not recipes of a high-quality relationship. Descriptive survey was employed; a population of 19 leaders were responding to questions about their 169 employees who report to them directly. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires.122 pairs of leaders and their direct reports was the response rate (72.2%). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The hypothesis was tested using logistical regression technique. The results showed that competence and trust are the recipe for an inclusion into the in-group of a leader. Gender, on the other hand, was not a recipe for a sustainable quality dyadic relationship. It is recommended that employees should ensure high level trustworthiness and competence for them to be kept close by the leader. The paper suggests that more variables can be considered as recipes for the quality dyadic relationship. These findings add significant value on both theory, policy and practice.

FDI and human capital flow, as an important path of international technology diffusion, is an important driving force for technological progress in a region. Using panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China, this paper examines the relationship between FDI, human capital flow and technological progress in different regions of China. The empirical results show that the two approaches play an important role in technological progress in different regions of China, but the contribution degree is different. Various regions should implement appropriate policies to make full use of the technology spillover effect of export and human capital flow to accelerate technological progress, and form a smooth domestic technology diffusion mechanism to accelerate the transmission of foreign RESEARCH and development, and finally promote the coordinated development of regional economy.

Purpose –Covid-19 pandemic has created a negative impact on China's national economy and social development, and the tourism industry has been hit particularly hard. This paper analyzes the current situation of tourism development in China during the pandemic, as well as the strategies and approaches adopted for tourism recovery.Design/methodology/approach – Secondary data and in-depth interview were adopted to identify the characteristics of tourism industry and challenges posed by the pandemic on China’s tourism.Findings – This paper focuses on the diversified and personalized modern tourism and leisure needs of tourists to establish an effective tourism supply system.Originality/value – Bassd on the practical challenges and feasible opportunities, we then discuss- relevant strategies and put forward suggestions for future tourism research and practice.

Prediction means predicting future scientifically which has a great relationship with human beings. Based on the development history of prediction system, this paper discusses establishment of modern prediction system and its importance in leadership structure, especially when national prediction system has become a major factor of national security among modern prediction systems. It’s just because each country has built a gradually improved prediction system that international political relation could form and stay stabilized. Modern prediction system is now steering to the tendency of controlling the whole social system. In modern society, all the decisions made by institutions depend more and more on prediction and the reform of social system is the soul of predicting the new paradigm of institutional behaviors.

Human resource management and continuing training are prerequisites for business innovation, especially when the fourth industrial revolution causes the rapid emergence of knowledge-intensive professions and the constraint of older ones. This article examines how human resources, in-business training, and educational needs are significant parts of entrepreneurial innovation and business development. We present field research that we conducted in the business ecosystem of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, which is a less competitive region of Greece and Europe. After examining the region’s economic profile, we continue with field research results in its retail sector. Our findings suggest that these businesses desire and search for more systematic actions towards training enhancement and human resource management upgrading. Thus, we propose a policy mechanism that could function as a “business clinic” for the region, including the diagnosis of needs and “therapeutic” intervention in terms of education and knowledge. This local development policy could create a growth spiral for the entire socio-economic spatialized system.

Previous studies have affirmed the importance of entrepreneurship education in developing, motivating, and empowering entrepreneurs especially ex-students cannot be over emphasized, because it has led to the positive increase in the existence of entrepreneurs, which, to a great extent, is responsible for the creation of more job opportunities and the reduction of unemployment. Looking at the increasing rate of unemployment, entrepreneurship education has helped in developing entrepreneurs after the classroom, which greatly culminates into curbing the problem of unemployment in in various economies. This study investigated the extent to which entrepreneurship education and its impact in the reduction of unemployment using ex-students four Universities (two private and two public) as a case for the study. With the aid of questionnaire as a data collection instrument, 150 ex-Students currently running their businesses were randomly selected. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze their responses. Findings revealed that the catastrophic problem of unemployment can to a great extent be reduced through educating, motivating, developing, and empowerment of students as entrepreneurs. It also shows that there is a strong relationship between entrepreneurship education and unemployment reduction as most intentions were translated into actions. The results of this study further revealed that practical entrepreneurship classes have helped in motivating students to become entrepreneurs after graduation. Considering these findings, it is recommended that entrepreneurship education, motivation, development and empowerment should be taken serious by the educational institutions in developing economies. And students at all levels should be encouraged to engage in entrepreneurial activities in order to further reduce the rate of unemployment in developing economies. This will enable them to be employers instead of jobseekers.