Various studies have shown that testosterone levels heavily impact many areas of a man’s health. Low serum testosterone (and, by analogy, late onset hypogonadism) may be responsible for such conditions as type 2 diabetes, obesity in abdominal area, and most of all, heightened cardiovascular risk (CV). Among other outcomes researchers have pointed out metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, as well as increased risk of anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder. There have also been reports of testosterone’s influence on fertility, bone mineral density and the development of polycythemia. All of these effects can be linked to the increased levels of inflammatory markers caused by low testosterone and lead to higher risk of premature death. Overly high testosterone, however, has been proven to have a notable influence on men’s personality, as well as other psychological and social traits, both in endogenously elevated testosterone level, and in patients with history of anabolic- androgenic steroid use. The last decade’s research of testosterone’s impact on the organism has brought contradictory results. Therefore, examination and understanding of the influence of its abnormal levels proves important to not only guarantee the best quality of hypogonadism treatment, but also to efficiently prevent any side effects or complications associated with testosterone use.

Mirror therapy aims to restore the function of a disabled body part by using the function of mirror neurons in the brain and mimicking the physiological activity of a healthy body part. The existence of mirror neurons was first discovered in the monkey brain, then they were proven to occur in the human brain. The working pattern is always the same. If one limb moves, the correct part of the brain is activated and the mirror neurons responsible for stimulating the other limbs are activated. This is how the "mirror" in the brain works. The therapy uses a box with a mirror on one side and hides the impaired limb in it.. When a healthy limb moves, it is reflected in the mirror. The brain receives it as a movement of an inefficient limb, even though it is only an illusion. It drives the recruitment of neural joints and provides the reconstruction of neural pathways. The activity of mirror neurons is used in rehabilitation, in mirror therapy (MT), observational action therapy (AOT) and their variants, such as therapies based on Virtual Reality (VR). A significant effect of this treatment was observed in phantom limb pain (PLP) and post-stroke syndromes, such as motor aphasia, hemiparesis of the lower or upper limb. There are reports on the use of MT in some mental diseases or in autistic people in learning emotions. This review outlines the current possibilities and hopes for therapies based on mirror neuron functions based on selected cases.

Data sharing in medical research entails making research data available to other researchers for review, re-use, and collaboration purposes. This paper seeks to describe the HYPOL (Healthy Young POLes) database, which has been prepared for sharing. This database houses the clinical characteristics and beat-to-beat cardiovascular time series of 278 individuals of Polish descent, all aged between 19 and 30 years. The data were collected from healthy volunteers who participated in multiple projects carried out at the Department of Cardiology-Intensive Therapy research laboratory, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. The cardiovascular time series data was obtained from non-invasive continuous finger blood pressure and ECG recordings, with sessions lasting up to 45 minutes. The HYPOL database includes an xls file detailing the main clinical characteristics and text files that capture ECG-derived RR intervals, finger systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values, as well as the duration of interbeat intervals. There are data from 149 women (53.6% of the total) and 129 men. The median age of all participants studied is 24 years, their BMI was <24 kg/m2, pulse rate and blood pressure were normal. The median duration of the recordings was almost 30 minutes. In addition, we summarise selected parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate asymmetry (HRA). The HYPOL database is available at hypol.ump.edu.pl. The download of data is free of charge after simple registration. Researchers and engineers can use the database for their purposes, except for selling it. The data can be used for testing various mathematical algorithms for HRV, HRA, blood pressure variability and asymmetry, and baroflex function.

Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018, prevalensi penyakit jantung koroner sebagai etiologi utama sindrom koroner akut (SKA) di Indonesia sebesar 1,5%. Sekitar 5,4% pasien dengan penyakit arteri koroner (PAD) dan 0,9% pasien dengan SKA didiagnosis dengan trombositopenia. Menurut American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) dan European Society of Cardiology (ESC), pemberian dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) yang terdiri dari aspirin dan antagonis reseptor P2Y12 adalah komponen mendasar dari manajemen SKA. Selain itu, terapi definitif berupa intervensi koroner perkutan (IKP), harus disertai dengan kombinasi obat antiplatelet dan antikoagulan untuk mencegah pembentukan trombus di lokasi intervensi koroner. Studi melaporkan bahwa trombositopenia yang diinduksi agen antiplatelet berkorelasi dengan mortalitas dan komorbiditas jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang lebih tinggi pada pasien dengan SKA. Pada pasien dengan SKA dan trombositopenia, manajemen terapi pemberian antiplatelet masih sulit untuk dipertimbangkan dan saat ini tidak ada pedoman rekomendasi atau laporan konsensus untuk memandu dokter tentang manajemen pada kelompok ini. Oleh karena itu, kami berusaha untuk menjelaskan dari berbagai macam studi literatur tentang penggunaan DAPT pada pasien SKA dengan trombositopenia.

Background. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or its prodrug tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) are currently being recommended in treatment of HIV infection. Distinct pharmacological properties of these two forms of a this drug make TAF treatment less nephrotoxic and lead to better impact on bone density. Nevertheless, there is a rising concern about possible metabolic adverse effects of TAF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on the lipid profile among ART (antiretroviral therapy)-experienced patients switching from TDF‑containing to TAF‑containing regimen in the first year after the switch. Methods. Demographic and clinical data of HIV‑positive ART‑experienced patients treated in infectious diseases department was retrospectively collected. Changes of lipid profile with regards to baseline BMI, age and time of ART duration were analyzed. Results. In the group of 36 patients there was a significant increase in total cholesterol levels (+18.43 mg/dl, SD = 23.86 mg/dl, p < 0.0001) and LDL levels (+13.75 mg/dl SD = 23.05 mg/dl, p = 0.001) in first 12 months after switching from TDF‑containing to TAF‑containing regimen. There were no statistically significant changes in both HDL and TG levels observed. Analysis of total cholesterol and LDL levels in certain subpopulations revealed a significant increase within first year after the switch in patients younger than 40 years old and in those whose BMI was within normal range. Conclusions. Presented data suggests that switching from TDF to TAF in ART‑experienced patients may be associated with worsening lipid parameters. Early detection and management of dyslipidemias among HIV‑positive patients are needed.

Kulit adalah organ terbesar dalam tubuh manusia dan bertindak sebagai pertahanan tubuh terhadap agen eksternal seperti mikroorganisme, radiasi UV, dan rangsangan fisik dan kimia. Salah satu parameter yang paling sering digunakan dalam menilai fungsi sawar kulit, baik pada kulit sehat maupun pada penyakit tertentu, adalah dengan melakukan penilaian kelembapan ataupun hidrasi kulit dengan menggunakan trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) dan skin capacitance (Scap). Terdapat berbagai penyakit yang disertai gangguan kelembapan kulit seperti dermatitis atopik, psoriasis, penyakit metabolik lainnya seperti ginjal, diabetes melitus hingga penyakit jantung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelembapan kulit pada pasien anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) di RSUDZA Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 37 pasien anak dengan PJB yang berobat pada poliklinik jantung anak RSUDZA Banda Aceh serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dengan metode total sampling dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan. Status kelembapan kulit di area dahi, pipi, leher, ekstremitas atas dan bawah dinilai dengan menggunakan alat Tewameter dan Corneometer yang dianalisis menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 37 sampel, 72.9% merupakan PJB tipe non-sianotik, dimana jenis kelamin terbanyak pada kelompok PJB sianotik adalah laki-laki (70%) sedangkan kelompok non-sianotik yang terbanyak adalah perempuan (51.9%). Kedua kelompok didominasi oleh anak usia 1 sampai 5 tahun (PJB sianotik, 70%; PJB non-sianotik 70.4%) dengan berat badan lahir ≥ 2500 gr (PJB sianotik, 60%; PJB non-sianotik 74.1%). Nilai TEWL kelompok PJB sianotik lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-sianotik dan nilai Scap kelompok PJB sianotik lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok non-sianotik sehingga dapat disimpulkan pasien anak dengan PJB sianotik memiliki kelembapan kulit yang lebih buruk dibandingkan anak dengan PJB non sianotik (p<0.05).

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases that can affect people of all ages, races, social classes, and geographic locations. Epilepsy is caused by abnormal release of neurons in the brain characterized by seizures. Data from the World Health Organization shows that epilepsy accounts for a significant proportion of the world's disease burden, affecting nearly 50 million people worldwide. The goal of management of epilepsy patients is to control seizures and improve quality of life. However, the side effects of antiepileptic drugs can significantly impair quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between duration of treatment and types of antiepileptic drugs with side effects of drugs in epilepsy patients at RSUDZA Neurology outpatient clinic. This is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The sample of this study was epileptic patients at RSUDZA Neurology Outpatient Clinic based on inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total of 42 samples. Sampling was carried out from May−September 2022 using a consecutive sampling technique and filling out the Liverpool Adverse Effect Profile (LAEP) questionnaire. Existing research sample data were tabulated and analyzed by univariate analysis to present the frequency and percentage. Spearman's correlation statistical test was used to test the relationship between variables. The patients consisting of 17 men (40.5%) and 25 women (59.5%). The average length of treatment that respondents had undergone was 52 months, all of whom experienced side effects of antiepileptic drugs. The results of the Spearman's correlation statistical test showed that there was no relationship between the length of treatment and the type of antiepileptic drug with drug side effects in patients diagnosed with epilepsy at RSUDZA Neurology Outpatient Clinic.

Introduction. Birth weight is one of the most important factors determining neonatal well-being. From an epidemiological viewpoint, a neonatal reference chart provides a picture of the health status of a population. Global customized growth charts seem to be the most practical in multicultural settings, allowing adjustment for ethnicity. However, regional charts might be a valuable contribution to reliable growth assessment. Our study aims to establish a reference tool for growth assessment and visualize the local potential, by creating standard charts based on the data from the tertiary center with the highest number of deliveries per year in Poland.
 Material and Methods. We retrospectively analysed 31,353 records from the electronic database of singleton births from a five-year period from a tertiary hospital in Poznań, Poland. We excluded pre-term deliveries and high-risk pregnancies basing on well-known factors influencing fetal growth, bringing the number of records to 21,379. The data were processed separately by gender (females n=10,312, 48.2% and males n=11,067, 51.8%). Percentiles were calculated for each week of gestational age. Means and standard deviations were determined.
 Results. Standard growth charts (including 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentiles) are presented. Descriptive data of population distribution are shown.
 Conclusions. In conclusion, obtaining standard growth charts for mature newborns has created the opportunity for a more actual and adequate assessment of the Polish neonatal population. It should allow for the implementation of new standards in future research on perinatal care.

A lie is not the truth, a common definition found in each dictionary or encyclopaedia. Humans use it in different situations and for various reasons, but in the case of forensics, recruitment, and trust in the company or family, it can be curtailed in order to avoid it or to detect it. One of the possible detection tools is the polygraph, whereby lies may be registered and interpreted by means of physiological activities controlled by the autonomic nervous system, such as sweating, trembling, or changes in breathing or in the heart rate. The analyses of the aforementioned parameters are monitored in response to questions, thus, providing information about a possible lie. Questions should be asked according to one of the approved protocols and given procedures and algorithms, which are constantly developed and revised to provide the best possible results.

Hypoalbuminemia is a condition where blood albumin levels are less than 3.5 g/dL. In this condition, there will be disruption to the physiological processes in the body. There is a relationship between low albumin levels with an increased risk of infectious complications, a high mortality rate in hospitalized patients, both non-surgical and surgical patients. To restore the important function of albumin, intervention is needed to increase albumin levels in the blood. Human albumin infusion is the most common. However, because of the high price, many other alternatives have been investigated to increase plasma albumin levels. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of snakehead fish extract therapy, compared with egg white and 20% human albumin in increasing albumin levels in hypoalbuminemic patients so that it can save costs and can improve the quality of life of hypoalbuminemia. This research is a quantitative research with Randomized Control Trial design. Samples were collected from August to October 2021 in the surgical inpatient ward of RSUD dr Zainoel Abidin. Data were collected from 36 samples, then divided into 3 treatment groups, namely the egg white group, the snakehead fish extract group and the Human Albumin group. The study used a randomized, blinded clinical trial. The data taken is albumin levels. The data were tested for normality with the Kolmogrov-Sminrnov test, then continued with the ANOVA test. The results obtained 36 samples that meet the inclusion criteria. The average level of increase in the egg white group was -0.0792 (Sig. 0.51), the snakehead fish extract group was 0.1625 (sig. 0.429) and the Human Albumin group was 0.237 (sig. 0.431). From the results of these studies giving snakehead fish extract can be an alternative therapy to treat hypoalbuminemia conditions.Keywords: Hypoalbuminemia, Albumin, Egg white, Snakehead Fish Extract, Human Albumin