Objective: We aimed to find out frequency of self medication among university students of Chittagong, Bangladesh by using a cross sectional questionnaire based survey study.Method: For this study, 439 students selected from nine universities of Chittagong through non-probability convenience sampling.Results: Among the total respondents, 278(63.32%) respondents were males and 161(36.67%) respondents were females. The most important reasons for self medication were no need to visit doctor for minor illness 227(51.70%) and quick relief 161(36.67%). Among the total respondents, 229(52.16%) used same direction of self medication of him/her for their family. The highest proportion of respondents 229(52.16%) did not check expiry date of medicine when they buy medicine from retail pharmacy. There were several conditions they had used self medications and the greatest number of students used to treat headache 273(62.18%) and fever 199(45.33%). The data reveals that the highest proportion, 243(55.35%) students learned medications from doctor prescription provided to cure their previous illness. The greatest number of students 398(90.66%) chooses allopathic medicine among four different system of medicine. The respondents used different allopathic drugs used in self medications where greatest number 296(67.42%) used analgesics.Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence and practices of self-medication among the university student and the greater part of students had a poor knowledge about proper self-medication whereas the knowledge of the benefits and risks were not adequate.J MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 15-20

We described a case of psoriasis possibly resulting from isotretinoin therapy in acne. A 17-year-old patient started treatment with oral isotretinoin (30mg of drug) due to acne vulgaris. After 4 weeks, of treatment, the patient complains for the presence of scattered erythematous plaques and papules. The clinical picture suggested psoriasis (this is also confirmed by histopathological study). The history revealed that the patient’s mother suffered from psoriasis for 30 years.J MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 37-38

Five cases of breast carcinoma metastasizing to the choroid were investigated and compared with the current literature. Choroidal metastases were found to bear an unfavorable prognostic factor (median survival of 11 months), and are related to heavy metastatic involvement even when the latter is not evident. Two patients responded to treatment, one to irradiation and one to systemic chemotherapy. The peak incidence is in perimenopasual women (mean age 48.2) which suggests that in this group of patients ocular examination may be advised for the routine followup.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest cause of blindness in the working age group of both developed and developing countries. It is the indicator of all micro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was aimed to find out the frequency and pattern of diabetic retinopathy among hospitalized adult type 2 diabetic patients.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine and Endocrinology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka over a period of six months. Retinopathy was determined by fundoscopic examination in dilated pupil. Data were collected in preformed questionnaire including demographic characteristics, fundoscopic findings, and laboratory investigation reports with prior informed consent of the patients.Results: Total patients were 94, male were 52 and female were 42. Mean age of the patients was 52.2 ± 11.12 years. Hypertension was the most common (42.8%) co-morbid condition followed by dyslipidemia (33%), nephropathy (34%), neuropathy (21.3%), ischemic heart disease (9.6%) and stroke (5.3%). Study showed 37.23% Patient had good glycemic control (HbA1C <7%) and 62.77% had poor glycemic control. The frequency of retinopathy of any form was present in 36.2% patients. Among them, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 78.79%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 6.06%, maculopathy 6.06%, both maculopathy and PDR in 9.09% diabetic patients. Among NPDR, 46.15 % was mild, 26.92% was moderate and 26.92% was severe NPDR. This study also revealed retinopathy was more with increase in duration of diabetes (66.6% vs. 17.3% p=0.01), in poorly controlled diabetic than good control (52.54% vs. 8.5%, p=0.01), those with hypertension (55% vs. 22%, p=0.02), and those having diabetic nephropathy (78.12% vs. 14.51%, p=0.01).Conclusion: This study showed frequency of diabetic retinopathy was 36.2% and among retinopathy NPDR was predominate. Poor glycemic control, increase duration of diabetes, presence of other microvascular complication i.e. nephropathy found to be significant risk factors for developing retinopathy.J MEDICINE January 2016; 17 (1) : 17-20

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous syndrome manifested by involvement of multiple system including CNS, kidney, skin, heart, lungs & eye. It is usually characterized by triad of skin lesions (96%), seizures (90%) & mental retardation (70%). Most common lesions associated with TSC are angiofibroma of face, ashleaf macules, shagreen patches, subependymal nodules, cortical tubers, mental retardation &angiomyolipoma of kidney. Here we report a case of a 14 years old girl who presented with recurrent episodes of convulsion, mental retardation & progressive weakness of right side of body. We investigated the patient to find out the etiology of her illness. After cranial imaging & other necessary investigations several major & minor criteria were established, which helped us to reach the final diagnosisJ MEDICINE July 2016; 17 (2) : 125-129

Background: In perinatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic brain injury remains most serious condition causing significant mortality and long term morbidity. Early detection of intracranial changes and its consequences will enhance timely intervention and better out come. Cranial sonography can be done to assess the abnormalities of brain in perinatal asphyxia. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate usefulness of cranial sonography in perinatal asphyxia.Methods: This was an observational study conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 at department of radiology and imaging, Enam Medical College and Hospital. Total 100 neonates with perinatal asphyxia were included in this study. Cranial USG was done in all cases and sonographic abnormalities were evaluated.Result: 56 term (>37 weeks of gestation ) and 44preterm (<37 weeks of gestation ) newborn having birth asphyxia were taken as cases in this study. Common cranial sonographic findings of preterm babies were periventricular leukomalacia 29% (13), germinal matrix hemorrhage 14% (6), Intraventricular hemorrhage 11% (5) cerebral oedema 7% (3) and normal 39% (17). Common cranial USG findings in term babies were cerebral oedema 43% (24), intracerebral hemorrhage 5% (3), Focal cerebral infarct 4% (2), Intraventricular hemorrhage 2% (1) and normal 46% (26).Conclusion: This study found that transcranial sonography is useful to identify the abnormalities in brain of asphyxiated neonate and helps to predict the neurodevelopmental outcome. So proper management plan can be done.J MEDICINE January 2016; 17 (1) : 12-16

Neuromyelitis optica or Devic’s disease is a rare inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which affects the spinal cord and optic nerves and usually associated with increased disability and morbidity. The purpose of this case report is to present this rare disease and focus on diagnostic criteria. NMO is often misdiagnosed as Multiple Sclerosis. The discovery of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) immunoglobulin G (IgG), directed against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), has dramatically changed the clinical definition of NMO and is important in the diagnostic criteria of this disease. Also longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (3 or more spinal segments) are characteristic of NMO. Here we report a case of a 14 year old girl presented with weakness of all four limbs with left sided complete blindness. NMO was diagnosed because of characteristic MRI finding and positive Aquaporin 4 IgG positive.J MEDICINE July 2016; 17 (2) : 122-124

Objective: Aim of the study was to know the microorganisms profile and determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the LRT isolates from mechanically ventilated (MV) patients admitted to the ICU. This prospective observational study was done in Department of Critical Care Medicine (ICU) of BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka from July, 2011 to December, 2011.Methods: Blind Tracheal Aspirate or Broncho Alveolar Lavage or both from 110 consecutive patients (total 130 samples) admitted to the ICU requiring MV were cultured, identified, and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by standard methods.Results: A total of 130 samples were analyzed. Growth was obtained in 93.8% of the samples yielding 143 organisms. Many (21 samples) yielded more than one organism. The major organism isolated were Acinetobacter sp. (54.5%), Pseudomonas sp.(14.7%), Klebsiella sp. (7.7%).Candida sp. (7.0%), Staphylococcus aureus(7.0%), Escherichia coli (4.9%).Proteus and Flavobacterium accounted for 4.2% of the isolates. All the isolates were highly resistant (>90%) to cephalosporins and >70% to fluoroquinolones. The frequency of third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli, Klebsiellaand imipenem resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were>90%. Acinetobacter was remarkably resistant to most antibiotics including imipenem (>90% resistant) and Piperacillin+Tazobactum (>85% resistant), but most of the members of the Enterobacteriacae group and Acinetobacter showed maximum sensitivity to colistin (80%-100%).Conclusion: Nonfermenters Gram Negative Bacilli (GNB)-Acinetobacter sp. & Pseudomonas sp. are the most common etiological agents of LRT infections in ICU. There is an alarmingly high rate of resistance to cephalosporin and ²â-lactamase inhibitor group of drugs. Colistin was found to be the most sensitive drug against all GNB.J MEDICINE July 2016; 17 (2) : 91-94

The authors condensed their knowledge of physical injuries of skeletal muscle, particularly injuries caused by mechanical energy, atmospheric pressure, radiation, extremes of temperature and electricity. The possible perils, outcomes and consequences are discussed. Special attention is given to the military medical projections.

Summary: Thalassaemiais a congenital hemolytic disorder caused by partial or complete deficiency of ? or ? globin chain synthesis. The disease is treated by lifelong red cell transfusion. So they are at high risk of developing allo-antibodies, resulting difficult to obtain compatible blood, results in, haemolysis & occasionally life threatening events.Objectives: To find out the frequency of Rhesus alloantibodies among the thalassaemic patients.Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the department of transfusion medicine in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from 01-07-2010 to 03-07-2011. Sample size was 100 and the data was collected by face to face interview. Purposive sampling method was applied using inclusion & exclusion criteria. Statically analysis of the result was obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-15) (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Result: In the present study all respondent were Rh D-positive. Out of 100 respondents 2 (2.0%) had positive direct Coomb’sand 6 (6.0%) had positive indirect Coomd’s test. Out of 6 respondent with Rhesus all-antibody, 4 (66.7%) had anti E antibody, 1(16.7%) had anti c antibody and 1 (16.7%) had non specific antibody.Conclusion: In this study among the 100 respondents of thalassaemic patients who receive regular blood transfusion 6 (6.0%) had developed rhesus allo-antibody among with the most common was Anti E antibody 4 (66.7%). Such information may enable understanding and prevention of this serious and common complication.J MEDICINE July 2016; 17 (2) : 79-83