Background and aims: Due to the adverse consequences of depression and anxiety during pregnancy for both mothers and fetuses, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: International databases, including Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in addition to Google Scholar, were searched up to November 11, 2022. All studies that investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Studies that used non-random sampling methods, case reports, studies that did not provide sufficient data for analysis, low-quality studies, and those that had estimated depression and anxiety after childbirth were eliminated. The Cochrane Q Test and the I2 index were utilized to determine the heterogeneity of the studies. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14, with statistical significance set at P<0.05. Results: A total of 27 studies conducted on 44573 participants were investigated. The results showed that the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic was 27% and 25%, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of mild, moderate, and major depression was 23%, 11%, and 3%, respectively. Finally, the prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe anxiety was 20%, 14%, and 5%, respectively. Conclusion: Approximately one out of every three pregnant women suffered from depression, and one out of every four suffered from some degree of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background and aims: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer among women, with an increasing incidence. Given the importance of early diagnosis in the control and treatment of BC, as well as the simplicity and low cost of breast self-examination (BSE) as a screening method, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female students at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz regarding BSE. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 400 female students aged>20 years selected through cluster random sampling from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic information and scales assessing knowledge, practices, and attitudes. Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.75 (±3.029) years. The majority of participants had low knowledge, poor practice, and negative attitudes toward BSE. Only 10% of participants had received formal training in BSE. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between practice and knowledge among individuals with a history of breast disease in first-degree relatives (r=-0.586, P=0.001). Conclusion: Our findings revealed low levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding BSE. Therefore, planning and implementing educational programs about BC and its screening methods are necessary.

Background and aims: Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) continue to pose a significant challenge for healthcare organizations globally. Missed nursing care (MNC) has been associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired infections and is recognized as a potential threat to patient safety. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the relationship between MNC and infection prevention and control (IPC), as well as the factors that contribute to its occurrence in Iranian hospitals. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the relationship between MNC-IPC and its contributing factors among nurses employed in Iranian hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 nurses from various departments in three teaching hospitals located in central Iran. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included sections on demographic information (age, gender, education, years of experience, marital status) and occupational details (unit, job title, role in infection control, training courses attended, overtime hours, and years of employment). The questionnaire also incorporated measures related to MNC-IPC. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Stata 14, which included t-tests, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Pearson correlation analyses, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: Significant correlations were identified between MNC-IPC and several variables, including gender (P=0.019), unit (P=0.048), role in infection control (P=0.006), and participation in training courses (P=0.028). Furthermore, MNC-IPC demonstrated positive correlations with environmental factors (r=0.262, P<0.001) and individual factors (r=0.223, P<0.001). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between MNC-IPC and systemic factors (r=0.102, P=0.075). Conclusion: The findings indicate that MNC-IPC is significantly associated with nurses’ gender, work unit, involvement in infection control, and prior training. Additionally, both individual and environmental factors were positively correlated with MNC-IPC, whereas systemic factors did not show a significant relationship. These results highlight the necessity for targeted strategies, including staff education and the establishment of supportive work environments, to mitigate MNC and improve infection control outcomes.

Background and aims: Studies have shown that traditional measures are not enough in the care and treatment of children with coronavirus. Although the model has been used in adults, it has been used less in children. While children need a comprehensive care approach due to their special sensitivity, so the purpose of this study was to apply Roy’s adaptation model in children with COVID-19. Methods: we used Roy’s adaptation model in a child with COVID-19. Roy’s nursing model considers the goal of nursing actions to promote adaptive responses in each of the four dimensions of Physiological Mode, Self-Concept Mode, Independence and Interdependence Mode, and Role Function Model. Case Presentation: A 2-year-old girl develops febrile seizures following COVID-19. He weighed 10 kg. He had a history of complete vaccination and a history of close contact with a patient with respiratory signs and symptoms. The patient had a febrile seizure and the fever had started the day before. The patient recently had chills for several minutes, cyanosis, and tachycardia. The patient was admitted for further evaluation. Due to seizure, EEG was done, which showed normal signs. Laboratory findings showed an inflammatory condition. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest showed peripheral involvement, but a chest X-ray was normal. In addition, based on paraclinical findings, we further evaluated the patient for SARS-Cov-2 infection. After thorough evaluation, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and chest HRCT, the patient was diagnosed as a positive case of COVID-19. In this way, the patient was treated and cared for and discharged after five days of hospitalization with normal vital signs. The data were collected using observation, interview and patient documentation and were analyzed in four dimensions, based on the steps of the nursing process in Roy’s adaptation model. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the use of Roy’s adaptation model with emphasis on physical and mental dimensions in children improved nursing care. Although this is a case study and the number of samples was small, it is recommended that researchers can use this model in children’s nursing care in future experimental studies.

Background and aims: Therapeutic procedures, including the placement of intravenous catheters, are among the most common sources of pain for children. Various methods exist to reduce pain during venipuncture in children, including non-pharmacological methods, but there is no consensus on the most effective approach. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods on pain intensity during venipuncture in children. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on English and Persian articles published in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Irandoc, Iranmedex, SID, and Magiran between 1911 and 2023, using the keywords Venipuncture, Children, Pain, and their MeSH equivalents in all possible combinations. Data analysis was performed using STATA 11 software. Results: Out of 6963 studies obtained from the initial search, 17 eligible articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the random effects model showed that among non-pharmacological methods, the pain score of children in the distraction intervention group was 1.72 points lower than that of children in the comparison group, placing it in the strong effectiveness category. Furthermore, distraction interventions were found to be more effective in children under 8.5 years old, with bubble-blowing interventions proving to be the most effective among all. The findings in other groups also showed that acupressure and educational booklet reading interventions performed by the child on a teddy bear were more effective than distraction interventions. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological interventions seem to be an easy, accessible, and cost-effective method for nurses to manage pain associated with venipuncture according to children’s age.

<strong data-sider-select-id="85f48030-6711-4a7b-bce1-742bb0c4bf7f">Background and aims: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in late 2019 with increased infection and mortality rates. Even with observing safety measures, medical staff have to deal with a high level of mental and physical pressure during an epidemic, and they might demonstrate diverse behaviors rooted in their experiences and emotions toward the situation. The paper examines different experiences and emotions of medical staff dealing with COVID-19 in Ilam, Iran. <strong data-sider-select-id="b63119d1-3154-4835-9ebf-a8c04a721fba">Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 200 care providers in 2020. Data was gathered using two questionnaires: the scale of positive and negative emotions (SPANE) and the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS). Data analyses were done in STATA12 using linear regression models. <strong data-sider-select-id="3b87b38e-c1a7-45c1-8510-470481ef9fdd">Results: The mean score of positive emotion in ICU, general, maternity, and administrative wards in women were 32±6.23, 34.07±6.74, 35.35±9.24, and 35.61±6.91 respectively. The mean scores of Negative emotions in the Maternity ward and administrative departments were higher than in the ICU and CCU wards (<em data-sider-select-id="6a647d75-9eb5-4da1-8e2a-ead296d48fec">P=0.05). The midwives’ mean negative emotions score was lower than the physician’s (<em data-sider-select-id="adc4ef6f-71f6-45b4-a47c-a013467c70b3">P value<0.05). Average levels increased by about 4.41 scores in negative experiences for individuals with a work experience higher than 25 years compared to those with work experience less than ten years (<em data-sider-select-id="4e9de6f7-bee1-4475-8830-136657461b2e">P=0.03). <strong data-sider-select-id="17b39444-d2f8-49c4-80f0-7047fe67a384">Conclusion: Factors such as type of work, workplace, and work experience that affect care providers’ positive and negative experiences and emotions should be considered in staffing arrangements and their expectations.

Background and aims: This study investigates the effect of virtual training on the stress of mothers of children with febrile seizures. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 64 mothers of children with febrile seizures in Shahrekord in 2022. The samples were randomly distributed into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received WhatsApp training during three individual and 3 group sessions, and the control group received routine training. Mothers' stress was measured using the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) questionnaire, completed by two groups before, immediately, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 18 version, descriptive statistics, repeated measure analysis of variance, independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher tests. Results: Before the intervention, the average total score of stress in frequency level in intervention and control groups was 117.29±20/70 and 122.50±24.69 and in difficulty level in intervention and control groups were 122.21±25.32 and 129.83±3.24. There was no statistically significant difference on the two levels between the groups (P=0.363) and (P=0.285). Immediately after the intervention, the average total score on the two levels in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.001) and (P=0.003). Two months after the intervention, the average score on two levels in the intervention group was lower than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Using virtual training is suggested as an effective method to reduce the stress of mothers of children with febrile seizures.

Background and aims: Evidence shows that the intention to leave negatively impacts nurses, patients, and health care systems. This study investigated the relationship between intention to leave, job satisfaction, and nurses’ burnout in Basra, Iraq. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in three teaching hospitals in Basra from 2022-2023. The sample consisted of 238 nurses selected through convenience sampling. Data was collected using a demographic information form, intention to leave scale, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), Copenhagen Burnout Questionnaire (CBI), and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data was entered into SPSS 20 for analysis. Results: The mean scores for intention to leave, job satisfaction (MSQ), and burnout were 9.69±4.50, 70.93±13.74 and 64.14±19.06, respectively. Job satisfaction had a negative coefficient of 0.021 on "intention to leave" (P<0.001). Higher levels of burnout with a coefficient of -0.028 were associated with an increased intention to leave (P<0.001). Conclusion: The nurses in the study expressed an intention to leave, and this issue was related to job satisfaction and burnout. Hospitals can enhance the overall quality of care by prioritizing job satisfaction, preventing burnout, and implementing strategies to retain nurses. Health policymakers should consider these factors in decision-making processes and take necessary measures to improve and promote them.