Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have garnered significant attention for their applications in flexible electronics, sensors, and transparent conductive films. Traditional synthesis methods are often energy-intensive and involve hazardous chemicals. However, this study investigated a green synthesis approach using tannic acid as reducing and stabilizing agents, focusing on the effect of light intensity on nanoparticle formation. AgNWs were successfully synthesized at room temperature via a light-assisted reduction method using tannic acid. Various intensities of blue light with a wavelength of 456-467 nm were applied to determine their influence on the morphology AgNWs. Light intensity was found to play a crucial role in controlling the nucleation and growth rate of AgNWs. Higher intensities accelerated the reduction of Ag⁺ (silver ion) to Ag⁰ (silver atom), promoting the formation of longer nanowires with increased diameters. Furthermore, these AgNWs demonstrated good stability after one month of storage, with zeta potential values of-20.0 ± 1.01 mV. This study demonstrated that blue light intensity significantly affected the morphology of AgNWs synthesized using tannic acid, providing a sustainable and tunable method for fabricating high-aspect-ratio nanowires under mild conditions.

Journal of Nano Research (JNanoR) is a multidisciplinary journal, which publishes high quality scientific and engineering papers on all aspects of research in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnologies and wide practical application of achieved results. "Journal of Nano Research" is one of the largest periodicals in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnologies. All papers are peer-reviewed and edited. Authors retain the right to publish an extended and significantly updated version in another periodical. All published materials are archived with PORTICO and CLOCKSS. Note from Nobel Laureate Professor Sir H. W. Kroto who will be in our hearts and memories. As Chemistry and Physics at one borderline and Chemistry and Biology at the other become indistinguishable so crossdisciplinary research is leading to the fascinating “new” overarching field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (N&N). Ingenious strategies for the creation of molecules and extended atomic structures with complex exactly-specified infrastructures and function are being developed – basically nanoscale devices that “do things” are now being created. New experimental approaches which focus on how atoms assemble are leading to the production of novel nanostructures and research is focusing on the control of self-assembly processes ie the bottom-up approach to the production of materials with advanced function. This new approach is leading to novel advanced materials with exciting new applications. Fascinating fundamental insights into formation mechanisms are being revealed and nanoscale devices, which parallel devices in standard engineering are now being created. This new journal, Journal of Nano Research, has been born at the ideal moment and is set to become a leading source of N&N research, essentially the “Frontier Chemistry of the 21st Century”. Breakthroughs are presently being realised which are generating a paradigm shift in synthetic chemical assembly techniques. On the horizon are applications ranging from civil engineering to advanced molecular electronics so promising to transform our everyday technology as well as basic economics. Note from the editors: Nanoscience and nanotechnology brought up an unprecedented excitement in the scientific and engineering communities, especially the last decade. The recent revolutionary advances in nanoscale phenomena open exciting, new avenues for research and discovery. The Journal of Nano Research (JNanoR) is a new venue for publishing original work in this ever evolving field. The journal is published by Trans Tech Publishers (Switzerland) and sponsored by the newly founded Society of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (SNN), an organization that serves the “nano” community worldwide. Nobel Laureate Professor Sir Harold W. Kroto serves as Honorary President of SNN and Honorary Editor-in-Chief for the Journal. The potential contributions of advances in nanoscale phenomena to improving human health created even more excitement by envisioning new biomaterials, devices and techniques for biological detection and remediation. Thus, issues such as synthesis, fabrication and characterization of functional nanomaterials and nanostructures for biomedical applications (molecular recognition, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, self-assembly, polymer-based nanomaterials, thin films, medical imaging, diagnosis and therapy, etc.) become very important. In recognition of this potential, we dedicated the inaugural issue of the journal to “Nanomaterials for Biological and Biomedical Applications”. All papers in this inaugural issue are invited research papers. The contributions range from synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles and nanostructures to computer science issues in bio nanotechnology being a clear testament of the breadth and interdisciplinary nature of the journal. We would like to encourage you to submit some of your high quality work to this journal in the near future.

An axial-flux motor using sintered iron (Fe) nano-polycrystalline body has been developed at the first time. In this study, its mechanical properties such as rotational speed, torque, and output power properties were compared with those of axial-flux motors using soft iron cores. Experimental results showed that the maximum rotational speed of the axial-flux motor using sintered Fe nano-polycrystalline was 8000 rpm with load, double that of the axial-flux motors using a soft iron core. The torques of both types of motors were around 0.01Nm with a little difference, and the axial-flux motor using sintered Fe nano-polycrystalline had double the output power while keeping torque the same. Sintered Fe nano-polycrystalline has significantly higher magnetic permeability than common iron materials. The material has lower magnetic saturation flux density. Fe nanoparticles were produced from iron oxide particles by using high-repetition laser pulse in liquid. Core inductors with this material were fabricated. Measurements of the core inductor magnetization clarified that the specific permeability of the sintered Fe nano-polycrystalline was 1 million, much higher than the 1000-2000 of soft iron.

Pure and silver-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized via phyto-mediation using Stachytarpheta jamaicensis leaf extract to develop an eco-friendly method for synthesizing nanoparticles with enhanced properties. Zinc nitrate and silver nitrate were employed as precursors for ZnO and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to investigate their optical and morphological properties. Results revealed that the absorption peaks of the synthesized nanoparticles confirmed the formation of nanoparticles, with Ag doping causing a red shift in the absorption spectrum. SEM images indicated a spherical morphology, with slight agglomeration in the doped samples. Doping with silver enhanced the optical properties, which could have potential applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical fields. Furthermore, the nanoparticle extracts were subjected to antimicrobial test against two bacterial strains ( Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ) using a modified disk diffusion method and compared with the antibacterial effect with the standard antibacterial drug, Ampicillin. Ampicillin only showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and had no antibacterial effect on E. Coli. Result of this study showed that the 5% and 10% Ag-doped ZnO NPs showed strong antibacterial activity against both gram-positive ( S. aureus ) and gram-negative ( E. coli ) bacterial strains.

Through a simple electrodeposition technique, SnO 2 /MnO 2 nanocomposite films were directly deposited onto ultrathin stainless-steel (SS) foils for use in electrochemical supercapacitors. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical experiment revealed that the SnO 2 /MnO 2 electrodes exhibited a high gravimetric capacitance of 876 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using the SnO 2 /MnO 2 nanocomposite as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode. This asymmetric device demonstrated a capacitance of 72.2 F/g at 1 A/g and retained approximately 87.5% of its initial capacitance after 28,000 cycles, highlighting its excellent cycling stability and practical application potential. The combination of high capacitance and robust stability makes this SnO 2 /MnO 2 nanocomposite a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.

This study optimizes 28 nm planar MOSFET technology to reduce device leakage current and enhance switching speed. The specific aims are to decrease subthreshold swing (S.S.) and mitigate drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) effect. Silvaco TCAD software is used for process (Athena) and device (Atlas) simulations. For the further development of MOSFET technology, we implemented our device (planar 28 nm n-MOSFET) with high-k metal-gate (HK/MG), lightly doped drain (LDD), multi-spacers, and silicide. Simulation validation shows improvements over other 28 nm devices, with lower static power consumption and notable optimizations in both S.S. (69.8 mV/dec) and DIBL effect (30.5 mV/V).

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cu-ZnO NPs) were synthesized using a green method that employed Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract as a reducing agent. Copper was incorporated as a dopant at concentrations of 3% and 5%. Zinc acetate dihydrate and copper acetate served as the precursors and dopants, respectively. The synthesized samples were characterized utilizing a range of techniques, including XRD, SEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy. XRD and Raman spectroscopy analyses validated the effective incorporation of Cu²⁺ ions into the ZnO wurtzite structure. SEM analysis indicated that the nanoparticles displayed a spherical morphology, while EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and oxygen (O), thereby validating the sample's purity. UV-visible spectra revealed a reduction in the optical band gap with increasing Cu concentration. Photoluminescence peaks observed at 383 nm and 565 nm were ascribed to electron transitions from deep donor levels, particularly from Zn interstitials to Zn and oxygen vacancies. The 5% Cu-doped ZnO NPs demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving 90% degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV irradiation in 135 minutes. They also exhibited significant antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) compared to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).

A theoretical study of the effect of applying a lateral electric field on type I and type II GaAs/AlGaAs quantum ring with different Al concentration in the barrier is presented. The effect on the quantum states of the carriers was investigated using the approximation of the effective mass. It’s showed that the electric field has a great effect on the wavefunction and the energy of the carriers. The transition point of the quantum ring from type I to type II was found with increasing electric field strength. For electric fields less than 4.75 x 10-4 V/cm, the quantum ring is of type II: the symmetry of electron ground state is X. Above this threshold, it transitions to type I : the symmetry of electron ground state is Γ. Also, the effects of electric field on the linear and non-linear optical properties of the studied structure illuminated with different incident optical intensity were studied. There is an increase in the radiative lifetime with a notable decrease in the absorption coefficient and the refractive index with the increase in the intensity of the electric field. It’s noted that the increase in the type II quantum ring lifetime (20%) is greater than that of type I quantum ring (10 %) due to the confinement of the G-electron in the quantum ring which is not the case with the X-electron. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first theoretical study of the influence of lateral electric field on physical properties of type II GaAs/AlGaAs quantum ring structures.

Herein, we have synthesized polypyrrole grafted graphene oxide (GO-g-PPy) nanohybrids by a free radical emulsion graft polymerization method. GO was used as the substrate for pyrrole grafting. The parameters of the graft polymerization reaction were optimized. The optimum concentrations of surfactant, monomer and initiator were 0.25 wt. %, 3 vol.%, and 7 wt.%, respectively. The maximum grafting percentage was 989.6% at these optimal reaction parameters. The formation of the grafted nanohybrids was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal stability studies were carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). GO-g-PPy naohybrids can be used as functional additives or conductive materials for EMI shielding applications.

In this article, excitation independent and dependent fluorescence properties of surface functionalized carbon dots were studied. The samples were synthesized using a biomass derived Indian gooseberry as carbon precursor via microwave irradiation technique. Concentrated phosphonic acid is utilized as a surface passivator for carbon dots. The formation of spherical carbon dots in the size range of 6 to 12 nm was shown by transmission electron microscopy images. Raman and Fourier transform IR spectroscopies suggest the creation of highly disordered sp3carbon atoms including presence of surface functional groups and interaction of phosphorus with surface of carbon core. From the UV-visible absorption study, absorbance bands at 231 nm and 283 nm attributed to π-π* molecular transitions from carbon core are found. From the photoluminescence measurements, both excitation independent and excitation dependent tunable fluorescence is obtained from ultraviolet to visible (yellow) region of light respectively. The involvement of carbon core electronic states and surface modifier states are responsible for the origin of luminescence and their distinguished nature. The mechanism is discussed and emitted colour are confirmed by CIE plot. The relative quantum yield of the P-functionalized carbon dots is found to be 18.9% with reference to quinine sulfate. The fluorescence in ultra-violet and visible regions is applicable for bioimaging and potential antimicrobial activities.