Water scarcity is a problem for many regions which requires immediate action, and solutions cannot be postponed for a long time. It is known that farming consumes a significant portion of usable water. In this study, a decision-support model of biobjective stochastic linear formulation is proposed. The model is generating annual planting plans together with water consumption projections for each farmer in the region while taking revenue of the overall harvest into account. The structure of the proposed model maintains robustness against the volatilities in precipitation, yield, and market price. The inherent trade-off between water consumption and revenue lends itself to multi-objective planning. This is a perspective especially useful for regional administrations to plan next year's crop pattern together with agricultural incomes and irrigation expenses. Furthermore, it is also shown how the model can be used to investigate the potential of rainwater harvesting or switching to water-efficient irrigation methodologies. The decision support model is especially unique in the sense that it can generate a set of Pareto optimum solutions as opposed to a single objective counterpart. This property is helpful in terms of not only providing a broader perspective to evaluate and project the possibilities but also increasing the applicability of the results by providing a flexible design framework.

Correlation between the channels is the primary factor that restricts data rates in multiple-input multiple-output visible light communications (MIMO-VLC). Different receiver designs have been proposed to reduce this correlation value, while adaptive modulations that perform better under the correlated channel effect have been studied on the transmitter side. In this study, we conducted a performance analysis of MIMO-VLC systems by utilizing adaptive MIMO modulations at the transmitter side and angular diversity receiver (ADR) structures at the receiver side. As adaptive modulations, created using spatial diversity (SD) and spatial multiplexing (SMP) modulations, SD/SMP switching, adaptive SMP (aSMP), and SD-assisted adaptive SMP (SD-aSMP) are considered. Analytical and simulation results were obtained for achievable data rates in an indoor environment. Cumulative distribution function (CDF) graphs were used to assess the overall performance based on these data rates. GADR has an advantage over ADR in low SNR regions but performs similarly in high SNR regions. The SD-aSMP scheme demonstrated the best performance across all SNR regions as a hybrid modulation, taking advantage of diversity gain in low SNR and multiplexing gain in high SNR regions. The adaptive SMP schemes benefit from increasing the number of LEDs and increasing the elevation angle up to 60 degrees.

As we conclude another year of outstanding contributions to the field of engineering and science, we are pleased to present the final issue of the Journal of Naval Sciences and Engineering for 2023. In this issue, we are proud to feature three research articles that reflect the diversity and depth of engineering research, as well as a timely book review that offers insights into a recently published work. Our commitment to providing a platform for a wide array of engineering disciplines is evident in the selection of articles for this issue. Each article showcases the innovative thinking and technical prowess that continue to drive our field forward. From exploring the hydrodynamics of marine propulsion systems to the development of advanced steganography algorithms for securing data, and the design and optimization of dual-band polarizers, these articles represent the cutting edge of engineering research. Additionally, the book review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest edition of a seminal work in electromagnetics, offering valuable perspectives for both academics and professionals. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all the authors for their invaluable contributions and to our anonymous reviewers for their diligent efforts in maintaining the high standard of the journal. Your expertise and dedication are the backbone of our publication's success. Looking ahead, we are excited to announce that our next issue is planned for publication in June 2024. We anticipate another collection of high-quality papers that will continue to enrich the body of knowledge in naval sciences and engineering, as well as other related fields of engineering. As we bid farewell to 2023, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to our readers, contributors, and reviewers. May the upcoming year be filled with new discoveries, innovative research, and continued collaboration within our vibrant scientific community. Fatih ERDEN, Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief

Submarine cables are critical assets that play an indispensable role in interconnected power systems, particularly in cross-sea energy transmission and offshore wind turbines. Their importance is further accentuated in exigent situations such as natural disasters and war, which emphasize the need for secure, reliable and uninterrupted energy supply. Furthermore, the investment and operating costs of submarine cables are relatively higher than other power system equipment, making it essential to operate them under the rated operating conditions to prevent possible faults and ensure power system stability. As thermal stress can lead to damage of cable insulation, it is an essential parameter to consider. Overloading increases thermal stress, resulting in rapid aging of the cable insulation and a shorter cable lifetime. Therefore, it is imperative to determine the maximum conductor temperatures and current carrying capacities of submarine cables under varying loading rates and ambient conditions using thermal analysis. In this study, thermal analyses are carried out for a three-phase, 220 kV HVAC, XLPE insulated submarine cable under different loading conditions. The findings demonstrate that the maximum temperature, current carrying capacity, and total losses of the cable are significantly impacted by loading rate, phase imbalance, and seawater temperature.