While most existing research on the Dark Triad focuses on the outcomes associated with these traits, studies examining their development are relatively limited. Although genetic perspectives are popular in explaining the origins of DT traits, external environments and personal experiences may also have a potential impact on their development. Therefore, this study aims to investigate this process between social ostracism and DT traits, as well as the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship. Data were collected from 294 adolescents (168 boys, 126 girls) aged 15-18 years (M = 16.02, SD = 0.54), with 6-month intervals between T1 and T2, and 8 months between T2 and T3. Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM, analytical sample = 230) were used to examine the longitudinal relationships between social ostracism, loneliness, and Dark Triad traits. The Results Showed a Unidirectional Cross-Lagged Relationship From Social Ostracism (T1) to Dark Triad Traits (T3), with Loneliness at T2 Acting as a Potential Mediator in This Process. These findings imply that early social ostracism may lead to loneliness, which in turn fosters the development of traits like those in the Dark Triad, as individuals may adopt these traits as coping mechanisms in response to prolonged social stress and vulnerability.

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the developmental pathways linking infant psychomotor function with personality in late adolescence through cognitive, social, and self‐regulation skills. The broader research question, seen through the lens of embodied cognition, is whether cognition and personality in youth develop from basic sensorimotor and communicative systems in infancy.MethodThe sample included 9202 participants from a representative UK birth cohort. A structural equation model examined the prospective associations between motor and communicative functions at age 9 months, cognition, self‐regulation, and prosociality at 5 years, and the five‐factor model of personality at 17 years. The associations between psychomotor function and the meta‐traits of stability and plasticity were also explored.ResultsEven after controlling for confounders and correcting for multiple paths, there was robust evidence that psychomotor development significantly predicts personality structure, with indirect pathways mediated by self‐regulation skills and general or social cognitive skills in middle childhood. While infant communicative function was significantly associated with both meta‐traits, gross motor function was significantly associated with plasticity but not stability.ConclusionsEarly psychomotor function may have long‐term effects on personality, mediated by cognitive, social, and self‐regulation skills. This finding can inform the development of socio‐educational interventions and tailored curricula in early childhood education.

Previous studies have revealed that perfectionism and identity development during adolescence are related. However, no longitudinal study has been conducted on the impact of perfectionism on identity development in adulthood. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the longitudinal relationship between personal standards, an indicator of perfectionistic strivings, and concern over mistakes and doubts about actions, indicators of perfectionist concerns, and identity development in one of the most important yet least understood domains for adults, parental identity. This 1-year, three-wave longitudinal study investigated reciprocal relationships between perfectionism and parental identity among 1275 parents (aged 18-30, M = 26.11; SD = 3.00). We analyzed the results using cross-lagged panel model analysis and random-intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis. The results revealed that personal standards were associated with a relative increase in seeking in-depth information about parenthood, and doubts/concerns were associated with a relative increase in disappointment and parenthood regret. Parental identity was not reciprocally related to changes in perfectionism at the between-person level. However, we observed the effect of parental identity on the decrease in personal standards at the within-person level. The results suggest mutual relationships between perfectionism and parental identity at the between-person and within-person levels.

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor individuals living alone, having a diverse personal network is considered crucial for mitigating the risk of social isolation and enhancing well‐being. Although a reciprocal dynamic between network diversity and well‐being is likely, longitudinal evidence supporting reciprocal effects is limited. This study investigates dynamic transactions between network diversity and well‐being (life satisfaction, loneliness, and depressiveness) in a community‐based sample of middle‐aged adults from Germany. It also explores moderations by the duration of living alone.MethodData were drawn from the three‐wave RIKSCHA (Risks and Chances of Living Alone) project, which includes N = 389 middle‐aged adults living alone.ResultsCross‐lagged panel models revealed high rank‐order stabilities and correlated changes in network diversity and well‐being. Random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models and dynamic panel models indicated that unobserved traits accounted for these high stabilities. Correlated changes disappeared when accounting for the trait‐like stability of variables. Across all models, no evidence of reciprocal associations between network diversity and well‐being was found. All results remained consistent regardless of the duration of living alone.ConclusionsThe study discusses trait factors accounting for the high stabilities observed in network diversity and well‐being among middle‐aged adults living alone. Future research should further explore the traits impacting successful adaptation to living alone within the context of personal networks.

The tripartite model of subjective well-being (SWB) posits three components: positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction. The fundamental issue regarding the structure of SWB and the meaning of the general SWB factor remains unresolved. Across three studies and six samples (total N = 9304), we evaluated competing models of SWB and tested the criterion-related validity of SWB components operationalized within different models. In addition to a standard confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and bifactor-CFA, we used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and bifactor-ESEM approaches. Latent factor models were applied to examine the nomological network of SWB in relation to several external criteria (e.g., positive expectations, depression, and anxiety). We found evidence supporting the three-factor and bifactor-ESEM models of SWB. The meaning and interpretability of the general and specific factors of SWB were found to depend on the indicators used to assess affective well-being. Several issues concerning the bifactor-CFA model were identified. Both the general and specific factors of SWB exhibited meaningful and interpretable nomological networks. The structure of SWB, the value of incorporating a general factor, and the nature of general and specific SWB factors depend on the instruments used to measure SWB.

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis meta‐analysis provides the first comprehensive synthesis of associations between student and teacher personality traits and the quality of teacher–student relationships.MethodFifty‐five studies met the eligibility criteria, contributing a total of 238 effect sizes. We used multivariate meta‐analysis with robust variance estimation (RVE) to model the dependency of effect sizes.ResultsStudent prosocial behavior (ρ = 0.59) and proactive personality (ρ = 0.48) were the strongest predictors of positive teacher–student relationship quality. All Big Five traits of students, except neuroticism, showed significant positive associations, with all correlations exceeding 0.4 when holding constant with all other moderators. Teacher agreeableness (ρ = 0.31) and conscientiousness (ρ = 0.29) yielded modest associations. Students with less emotional stability or aggressive behaviors were more likely to experience negative teacher–student relationships, such as conflict and dependency.ConclusionOur findings highlight the critical role of student personality in explaining the quality of teacher–student interactions. Multiple traits appear equally important, as indicated by comparable effect sizes. The literature is relatively limited when it comes to teacher personality. We were unable to examine teacher traits in relation to teacher–student conflict and dependency, but, overall, agreeable and conscientious teacher behaviors appeared to be important for favorable interactions, whereas teacher neuroticism may undermine the quality of such interactions.

The Dark Triad (DT), including narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, represents the dark side of human nature and has been related to psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress). However, little is known about how the two constructs are related longitudinally. To fill this gap and to clarify the directionality between them, we conducted a longitudinal study. We measured DT traits and psychopathological symptoms in a large sample of university students (NT1 = 1815) annually for 3 years. We implemented random intercept cross-lagged panel models in analysis. Narcissism and psychopathological symptoms showed a reciprocal relationship at the within-person level: greater narcissism preceded a decline in psychopathological symptoms, while more severe symptoms preceded a decrease in narcissism. Within the same individual, increases in the DT, particularly psychopathy and Machiavellianism, were linked to concurrent escalations in the symptoms. Additionally, all DT traits were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms as stable differences between individuals. This study constitutes an important step in clarifying the directionality between the DT and psychopathological symptoms, and advances our understanding of the interplay between these two constructs at both the between-person and within-person levels.

Test whether global self-reports of urgency moderated the within-person associations of affect and impulsive behaviors. Negative urgency is a personality trait that is a risk factor for a range of psychopathology. Although it is assumed that global self-reports of urgency measure individual tendencies to act more impulsively in the face of negative emotions, evidence from ecological momentary assessment studies is mixed. In this Registered Report, we used ecological momentary assessment data from a large sample of young adults (n = 496, age 18-22, 5 surveys per day for 40 days). All forms of momentary impulsivity were impaired in moments when people reported more intense negative emotions, but global self-reports of urgency did not explain individual differences in this association. Moreover, averaged affective states, rather than specific dimensions, affective circumplex, or appraisals, best predicted impulsive states. Results suggest that face-valid interpretations of global self-report of urgency are inaccurate, and it may be important to understand how some people come to understand themselves as high on urgency rather than assuming that people's self-reports of their motivations are accurate. Momentary experiences of emotions globally impact multiple weakly to moderately associated impulsive behaviors, and future research should seek to understand both when and for whom these associations are strongest.

This study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles. Personality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies. We tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five-Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions. We identified two clusters for adaptive personality ("Adaptive Resilient" and "Anti-resilient") and two for maladaptive personality ("Maladaptive Resilient" and "Under-controlled"). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under-controlled profile. This study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process.