Background and Objective: The results of different studies have indicated the comorbidity between emotional disorders and sleep problems. However, no study has compared the outcome of mindfulness and unified protocol on the emotional problems and the sleep quality of the adolescents with emotional disorders. Materials and Methods: The current investigation was a quasi-experimental study with a control group, which was conducted in 2019. The participants included adolescents with emotional disorders in control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 16) groups. Both groups received 14 sessions of therapy. The assessments were performed in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The measurements included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). Results: The mean age of the participants in the experimental and control groups was 13.06 and 13.05 years, respectively. Given the results, both treatments alleviated the sleep and emotional problems of the adolescents diagnosed with emotional disorders. However, the combined treatment of mindfulness and the unified protocol led to more improvements. The calculated effect size of this treatment was 0.21 for sleep quality and 0.24 for the SCARED questionnaire. Conclusion: Based on the findings, utilizing mindfulness as a supplementary therapeutic method can enhance the chances of reductions in the emotional problems and the improvements of sleep quality in the adolescents with emotional disorders.

The article's abstract is not available.

Background and Objective: Simple snoring affects millions of people and their partners in the world and it indicates increased upper airways resistance and pharyngeal collapsibility. Snoring, particularly loud and habitual, may indicate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Case Report: The presenting patient was a middle-aged man with chief compliant of snoring, who was diagnosed with simple snoring after undergoing an overnight polysomnography (PSG). By using a simple oral appliance that retracted the tongue and improved airway patency, snoring improved completely. Conclusion: Simple snoring is a common condition and after excluding OSA, particularly in suspected patients, it can be managed by some instructions and interventions such as using available oral appliances.

Background and Objective: Workplace exposes workers to different hazardous chemicals. In this study, we aimed to assess the changes of pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters as the objective indicator of lung impairment and its association with demographic data and sleep characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 male workers of a smelting factory located in Tehran Province, Iran. The respiratory symptoms questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and demographic characteristics were recorded for the participants. Participants also underwent spirometry and the related parameters were recorded. Results: A total of 200 iron foundry workers were assessed. All participants were men, and mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age was 39.1 ± 8.9 years ranging from 20 to 65 years. Of 200 workers, 153 (76.5%) were married and 72 (36.0%) were smokers. Among all participants, 131 (65.5%) reported at least one respiratory symptom, and these workers had significantly poorer sleep quality (P = 0.02) and insomnia (P = 0.01). Across-shift change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of spirometry parameters was significant among participants with clinical insomnia (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) and poor sleep quality (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Results showed a significant cross-shift reduction in PFT values among workers with clinical insomnia or poor sleep quality. Accordingly, evaluation of sleep characteristics along with respiratory symptoms in workers with inhalational occupational exposure is recommended.

Background and Objective: Excessive sleepiness is a common reason for a referral to sleep medicine clinics. The clinical picture and context usually suggest the underlying cause; however, all possibilities should be considered and only after sleep studies are done, one can determine the likely cause of the patient’s symptoms. Case Report: We presented the case of a man who was referred for evaluation of hypersomnolence along with snoring and possible apnea during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was suspected, so home sleep apnea test (HSAT) and later polysomnography (PSG) were performed and both ruled out this possibility. The PSG showed frequent periodic limb movements (PLMs), some associated with arousal; abnormal sleep structure suggested the effect of medication. The patient had been taking baclofen for musculoskeletal pain and it was concluded that baclofen was the cause of the patient’s somnolence and PLMs. The patient’s clinical presentation was compounded by his history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and gastroesophageal reflux which probably caused increased arousals and the subjective feeling of poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Treatment with medications that have sedative effects should be considered in all patients presenting with excessive daytime sleepiness even if the initial clinical picture suggests another possible cause. Baclofen can cause PLMs, sedation, changes in N3 stage, and reduction in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

The article's abstract is not available.

Background and Objective: Studies indicate that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of sleep disorders and the resulting negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep quality in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 patients with all confirmed types of MS as a case group and 110 healthy subjects as control group were evaluated in terms of sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data collected was analyzed using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: Total score of PSQI was significantly higher in patients with MS than that of the control group (7.32 ± 2.78 vs. 5.30 ± 2.00, P = 0.001). Furthermore, PSQI scores of patients with MS was significantly higher than that of the control group in subscales including sleep latency (1.14 ± 0.99 vs 0.85 ± 0.91, P = 0.029), sleep duration (1.09 ± 0.80 vs. 0.83 ± 0.88, P = 0.048), habitual sleep efficiency (1.15 ± 0.92 vs. 0.85 ± 0.83, P = 0.017), sleep disturbance (1.25 ± 0.96 vs 0.96 ± 0.88, P = 0.013), use of sleep medication (0.69 ± 0.94 vs. 0.33 ± 0.65, P = 0.001), and daytime dysfunction (0.88 ± 0.93 vs. 32.2 ± 0.69, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with MS had a significantly more improper sleep quality compared to the control group. So, poor sleep quality has a negative effect on daily activities and social communication of these patients and generally reduce their quality of life (QOL).

Background and Objective: Physiological process of sleep is considered as one of the influential factors of human’s health and mental functions, especially in the elderly. This research aimed at studying the association between sleep quality and the cognitive functions in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 elderly people (65 years and older) who were the members of retirees associa-tion in Mashhad, Iran, participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants were asked to answer the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Correlation between the total scores of PSQI and MoCA was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. In order to predict the cognitive func-tion based on different aspects of PSQI, multiple regression analysis by hierarchical method was used after removing confounding variables. Results: A significant association was found between PSQI and MoCA (P < 0.001, r = -0.55) suggesting that the com-ponents of use of sleeping medication (P < 0.001, r = -0.47), sleep disorders (P < 0.001, r = -0.37), sleep latency (P < 0.001, r = -0.34), subjective sleep quality (P < 0.001, r = -0.32), sleep duration (P < 0.001, r = -0.27), sleep effi-ciency (P < 0.001, r = -0.26), and daytime dysfunction (P < 0.001, r = -0.15) had significant negative correlation with cognitive function, and the four components of subjective sleep quality (P = 0.010, β = -0.15), sleep latency (P = 0.040, β = -0.13), sleep disorders (P = 0.010, β = -0.26), and use of sleeping medication (P = 0.010, β = -0.26) played a role in prediction of cognitive function in regression analysis. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality, sleep latency, insomnia, sleep breathing disorder, and use of sleeping medication play a determining role in cognitive function of the elderly. Thus, taking care of the sleep health is necessary for the elderly.