Educational institutions are facing increasingly complex cyber threats, particularly as they continue to rely on on-premises servers with limited cybersecurity resources. Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) offers a security model that rejects implicit trust and requires strict verification of each access request. This study aims to examine the applicability of ZTA in managing local servers within educational institutions through a qualitative literature review approach. Relevant literature from 2014 to 2025 was analyzed using thematic synthesis to identify recurring concepts, strategies, and gaps. The results show that ZTA, when integrated with Identity and Access Management (IAM), Security Information and Event Management (SIEM), and real-time monitoring tools like Zabbix, Prometheus, and Grafana, significantly enhances network security by implementing granular access controls and continuous monitoring. However, the implementation is constrained by limited infrastructure and IT governance maturity in many institutions. This research is considered significant because it addresses a pressing gap in the cybersecurity practices of educational institutions, which often lack the robust frameworks and resources found in the corporate sector. By offering an adaptable and scalable ZTA-based security framework, the study contributes to advancing secure digital infrastructure and data protection in the education domain. Therefore, a strategic and phased adoption is recommended, supported by IT governance frameworks such as COBIT. This study contributes a conceptual framework that links ZTA, server monitoring, and institutional readiness, and offers recommendations for building sustainable cybersecurity strategies in the educational sector.

Crowdfunding is an effort to raise relatively small amounts of money involving many individuals to support a specific project. Typically, crowdfunding is conducted online through fundraising platforms. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse the utilisation of crowdfunding in fundraising activities that are related to or have political goals carried out by certain organisations or political groups. The method used in this paper is qualitative in the form of narrative analysis carried out through in-depth reading of several scientific literatures that discuss political fundraising through crowdfunding. The sources of scientific literature collection were obtained through the Google Scholar site by entering keywords that are relevant to the theme of discussion in this paper. The results obtained from this literature review show that the use of crowdfunding by political parties and political candidates is carried out in countries that already have an advanced democratic climate such as America and England and other European countries and India in Asia. The use of Crowdfunding was also found in fundraising for collective mass protests in Hong Kong which opposed state policies, as well as opposition movements in opposing rampant corruption in a country such as Russia.

This study investigated whether Indonesian fundamentalist group utilizes marketing principles for recruitment. The research employed a Delphi method, gathering expert consensus from marketing, communication, and visual communication fields to assess the group's use of marketing strategies in attracting sympathizers and disseminating their ideology. The first round demonstrated complete agreement on the use of marketing principles. The second round revealed some disagreement regarding the classification of mosques as distribution channels, suggesting a nuanced application focusing more on promotion than traditional marketing models. The findings highlight sophisticated marketing techniques used by this group, emphasizing the need for further investigation into how such groups leverage marketing for influence. This includes exploring the broader application of marketing principles in radicalization, connections to popular culture, and developing effective counter-narratives using social marketing. Understanding these strategies is crucial for developing counter-measures and promoting social cohesion. The study's results underscore the importance of examining how religious groups employ marketing strategies, particularly in contexts lacking prior research.

The paper examines the pivotal roles of the Dark Web and encrypted messaging apps in enabling online terrorist networks. These platforms have become essential tools for extremist groups, empowering them to communicate, coordinate, and share intelligence securely. The Dark Web, a hidden portion of the internet, provides a secure conduit for terrorist organizations to emerge, operate, and coordinate activities anonymously. This digital haven enables terrorists to share resources, plan operations, and execute attacks as part of their secret operations strategy. Encrypted messaging apps, such as Telegram and WhatsApp, offer an additional layer of security, allowing terrorists to send messages anonymously and evade detection. These apps create a veil of secrecy, making it challenging for counter-terrorism agents to identify and track extremist activities. The convergence of the Dark Web and encrypted messaging apps poses a significant threat to global security. The unification of these technologies enables terrorists to operate undetected, making it increasingly difficult for law enforcement agencies to counter their activities. The paper adopted social network theory as its theoretical underpinning. The paper was elicited through a secondary data-gathering technique. They revealed that the Dark Web and encrypted messaging apps have been essential to the function of online terrorist organizations and also used as a means of dissemination of propaganda, radicalization, fundraising, training, communication, coordination, share information, among others. The paper recommends amongst others, that Law enforcement operations should track down and bring to a halt the Dark Web marketplaces as well as encrypted messaging apps used by terrorists.

The provision of public transport is of utmost importance in effectively addressing the needs of women residing in developing nations. Nevertheless, it has been noted that the issue of gender-sensitive public transport lacks substantial consideration in the majority of developing nations worldwide. Universal designs are recognised internationally for their rational and economically efficient characteristics, as they accommodate the needs and preferences of not only women but also other individuals who require or desire access to public transportation. Within the realm of public transport, a controversial topic has emerged regarding the introduction of specialised or unique services. The present debate has drawn attention to a number of potential negative effects, such as gender-related stereotypes, insufficient service delivery during times of peak demand, and higher expenses as a result of the requirement for facilities and services that are gender-specific. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the viewpoints of female residents living in Jakarta, Indonesia regarding the reliability of public transport and the quality of its services. In conclusion, our research findings suggest that women living in Jakarta demonstrate an ability to adjust to the available infrastructure, regardless of their social standing and economic conditions, even in cases where these facilities are not specifically designed for women. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge that services tailored explicitly to address the distinct requirements of women are not only well-received but also enhance their mobility when compared to services that do not integrate these provisions.

The Government of Indonesia has established the Drug-Free Village Program (Program Desa Bersih Narkoba -Desa Bersinar) to overcome the problem of drug abuse and illicit trade at the village level. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the program implementation and map its constraints nationally. It uses descriptive quantitative methods on formal evaluation approaches and constraint mapping methods. We survey BNNP / BNNK's Prevention and Community Empowerment subcoordinators throughout Indonesia, with 108 participants participating. Using the effectiveness evaluation criteria, based on the success indicators, according to the Desa Bersinar program implementation technical guidelines. The result shows that two factors explain the success of the Desa Bersinar program with an Eigenvalue of 64,118%. This means that 64.118% of the performance of the Desa Bersinar can be explained by these two factors. Nationally, the Desa Bersinar program implementation has been effective, with index at 61.99%.

Based on Indonesian-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA), Indonesia sends some nurses (perawat) who would be employed either as hospital nurses (perawat rumah sakit) or as care workers for the elderly (perawat lansia). Nurses who work in Japanese hospitals are required to meet Japanese nursing standards, through a competency test of Japanese nursing standards. This article discusses how Indonesian care workers adapt to working conditions while being in Japan and about the problem of nurses with Indonesian qualifications working with Japanese competency standards. This study is qualitative research using a survey method. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire via google form. This study uses the theory of liminality to explain the adaptation process and the problems faced by Indonesian care workers in Japan. This study found out that there was a gap between what had been expected and what had been faced by Indonesian nurses (especially who were originally medical nurses) working in Japan, so that the “care workers” chose to return home and started to build a career in Indonesia.

France is one of founding members FATF with other G-7 countries and FATF’s headquarters location. According to FATF and Europol, France is not only known as one of low level risk countries in financing terrorism but also as EU member state with the most terror acts in 2015. This research is attempt to explain why the French counter terrorism financing policy based on FATF standards is not able to prevent the financing terrorism practices of Paris terror attacks in 2015. This research method used qualitative approach and used historical institutionalism approach to see how institutional evolution of FATF, France involvement in FATF decision, and the influence of FATF decision on France relates to countering terrorism financing. The findings and analysis of this research cover certain several things such as the historical aspects in 25 years France membership in FATF, the French characteristics, and the funding Paris terror attacks in 2015. The result of this study indicated that although France has important role in FATF, but historically, France has ignored some important things which encourage the financing activities for terrorist network.

Waqf is a muamalah activity that has a very important economic and social role in Islamic history. Waqf is one of solutions to the problem of poverty and social inequality in society. The establishment of the Micro Waqf Bank initiated by the government together with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has played an important role as one of the new Islamic microfinance institutions in financial inclusion in Indonesia. This paper will discuss how the management of waqf funds through the Islamic Waqf Bank program based on pesantren in efforts to alleviate poverty and social inequality which has become a chronic problem in Indonesia. The discussion in this paper uses the literature study method in which the writer's team looks for various sources of literature such as books, internet, journals and others. This paper confirms that the Micro Waqf Bank has an important role in the efforts to empower the economic community, especially for people who are around the boarding school but it is still necessary to make regular improvements both from the operational side of the Micro Waqf Bank and the alignment of the naming of the institution in order to avoid any misunderstanding among the community especially Muslims.

The spreading of Islam is one of the dynamic aspects of America. Islam has been brought to America by various people from different ethnicities, nationalities, and community backgrounds. This makes Islam in America appears in so many faces. One of the big moments of the history of Islam in America is the immigrant wave from Middle East which created new domination amongst American Muslims. This paper discusses one of the prominent figures from that era whose influences are big enough at that time and can still be seen today in America: Ismail Raji al-Faruqi. The researcher used a library study in writing this paper by using writings of al-Faruqi as primary data sources and other researchers’ writings as secondary data sources. This research concluded that there was some sort of dynamics of influence between al-Faruqi and America. It means that on one hand, al-Faruqi influenced Islam in America, but on the other hand, American social-cultural conditions also influenced al-Faruqi at some level.