Introduction: Cucumber is a mineral-rich vegetable known for its detoxifying and antioxidant properties.While traditional cucumber varieties produce both male and female flowers, greenhouse cucumbers mainly produce female flowers.Seed propagation is common, but the high cost of hybrid seeds and the labor-intensive production process make in-vitro micropropagation a viable alternative.This study aims to optimize tissue culture techniques for cucumber to enhance micropropagation, improve plantlet regeneration, and address hybrid seed production issues while identifying disease-resistant and salt-tolerant varieties. Materials and Methods:This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of total nitrogen (50, 55, 60 (control), 65, and 70 mM) and sucrose (20, 30, and 40 g l -1 ) in a factorial design within a completely randomized design with four replications on the propagation and rooting of the greenhouse cucumber cultivar Sultan, using lateral and terminal bud explants.The measured traits in this study included: (1) the percentage of established explants (the number of developed samples relative to the total number of explants) after 15 days; (2) the percentage of explants that developed nodes (the number of nodes producing lateral shoots relative to the total explants cultured) after 30 days; (3) the average shoot length after 30 days; (4) the number of shoots produced per explant after 30 days; (5) the number of leaves produced per shoot after 15 and 30 days; (6) the percentage of shoots producing roots (the ratio of rooted shoots to the total shoots cultured) after 15 and 30 days; (7) the root length per shoot (average length of roots produced on a shoot) after 30 days; and (8) the success rate of transfer (the number of developed plantlets relative to the number of plantlets transferred to mist conditions) after 15 days.The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data was conducted in a factorial experiment within a completely randomized design with three replications.The means of the treatments were compared using Duncan's multiple range test at a 5% significance level.Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and graphs were created using Excel software. Results and Discussion:The highest fresh and dry weights of the shoot were observed in the medium containing 40 g l - 1 of sucrose, while the highest fresh weight of the shoot and callus was recorded in 70 mM of nitrogen.The culture media containing 20 and 30 g l -1 of sucrose and 50 to 70 mM of nitrogen were identified as suitable for shoot length.The maximum number of nodes per shoot was obtained in the medium containing 30 g l -1 of sucrose, and the maximum shoot length was achieved at sucrose concentrations of 20 and 30 g l -1 .At nitrogen concentrations of 50, 60, and 70 mM, the fresh weight of the shoot significantly increased.The lateral buds derived from terminal bud culture were rooted in MS medium without hormones, supplemented with five nitrogen concentrations, three sucrose concentrations, and 0.1 mM of IBA.The highest number of nodes per shoot, as well as the maximum shoot and root lengths, were produced in the culture medium containing 20 and 30 g l -1 of sucrose.The data clearly demonstrate the significant effects of sucrose and total nitrogen concentrations on the growth characteristics of cucumber in tissue culture.Sucrose plays a key role as a carbon source in tissue culture media, and its different concentrations have significant impacts on the number of nodes, shoot length, and diameter of the callus.Notably, an increase in sucrose concentration consistently

Introduction:Rice is Iran's second most strategic crop after wheat, serving as a staple food with significant economic and cultural importance.Its high consumption highlights its key role in food security, household diets, and the nation's agricultural economy.Among the various attributes valued by Iranian consumers, cooking and eating quality traits such as grain appearance, elongation after cooking, texture, and aroma are paramount.These traits directly affect consumer preferences and market demand, thereby playing a critical role in determining the commercial success of a variety.Therefore, a major goal of rice breeding programs in Iran is to combine the cooking and eating quality of local varieties with the high yield of improved lines.In this context, the present study was conducted to evaluate the grain quality characteristics of a set of rice lines developed through backcrossing and crossing strategies involving both local and improved varieties, aiming to identify lines with improved eating quality suitable for further development and release. Materials and Methods:The experiment was carried out during the 2022 cropping season at the research farm of the Rice Research Institute of Iran in Rasht.A total of 40 genotypes, including 36 advanced lines and four check varieties (Anam, Hashemi, Domsiah, and Hasansarai), were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications.Genotypes were cultivated in plots of 3 3 meters.Transplanting was performed at a spacing of 20 20 cm with single seedlings at four weeks of age, corresponding to the three-to four-leaf stage.After harvesting, grain quality traits were measured, including paddy length and width, milled grain length and width, cooked grain length, elongation ratio, amylose content, and gelatinization temperature.Paddy length and width, as well as milled grain length and width, were measured using a photo enlarger device.For each trait, the mean of measurements taken on five random samples was recorded.Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean comparisons, cluster analysis, and measuring person correlation coefficients, were performed using SAS and SPSS software and packages "metan" and "ggpubr" in R to assess variability and identify superior genotypes. Results and Discussion:The analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P<.05) among the genotypes for all evaluated traits, indicating the presence of substantial genetic variation that can be exploited in breeding programs.

Introduction: Salinity stress is one of the known and important limitations of agricultural production all over the world.The production of salt-resistant plants is one of the most important achievements of genetic modification using nuclear radiation, as it helps realizing increase in the cultivated area in dry and saline conditions.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the root yield and quality attributes of sugar beet under salinity stress conditions. Materials and Methods:This research was conducted to evaluate the root yield and quality of three sugar beet cultivars treated with gamma ray radiation and grown under normal and salinity stress conditions in Qom province, central Iran, in 2018 and 2019.The experiment was conducted as a split factorial using a randomized complete block design with three replications.The main plots included irrigation water at two levels (non-saline water and saline water with EC = 7-10 dS m -1 ) and subplots included a combination of sugar beet cultivars (Sharif, Antec, and Yudoro) and gamma radiation (control, 50, 100, 200 and 400 Gy).The traits evaluated in this research included bolting percent, root yield, sugar percent, sugar yield, white sugar yield, sodium, potassium, harmful nitrogen, alkalinity coefficient and molasses.The percent of stem growth was calculated based on the number of plants that had produced stems, relative to the total number of plants in each plot.Results and Discussion: Salinity stress and gamma radiation at levels of 100 and 200 Gy led to an increase in potassium concentration in the Sharif cultivar, but no significant changes were observed in the Antec and Yodoro cultivars.Salinity stress led to a decrease in root yield in all three cultivars tested.Eudoro cultivar had a higher mean root yield than others, both under non-saline irrigation conditions (74.52 tons ha -1 ) and under salinity stress conditions (46.59 tons ha -1 ), and in contrast to Sharif cultivar, the mean root yield of this cultivar was higher in both levels of salinity.Salinity stress led to

Evaluation of the Effect of Salicylic Acid and Brassinosteroid on Some Physiological Traits and Arsenic Accumulation in Spinach under Arsenic Stress Conditions

Improving Growth and Fruit Yield of Watermelon Using Mycorrhizal Fungi and Salicylic Acid under Different Irrigation Regimes

Effect of Water Stress and Application of Potassium on Some Growth Characteristics of Tissue Culture-Derived Date Palm Plants of "Zahedi" Cultivar

Evaluation of Genetic Variation and Simultaneous Selection for Seed and Forage Yield in Selected Genotypes of Dactylis glomerata and Bromus inermis