<p>This research aims to elaborate al-Amidi's critical thinking and express its implication in the discourse of postmodernism literary criticism. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection uses reading and note-taking techniques. The triangulation used in this research is data triangulation. The data analysis method in this research uses content analysis and hermeneutics methods with elements of interpretation, description, and comparison. The results of this research indicate that al-Amidi's critical method has implication in postmodernist literary discourse on the objectivity aspect of simulation in the narrative of a character based on Jean Baudrillard's assumptions. That is, although postmodernist literature tends to subjectivity to the author, it does not completely forget the basic structure that builds a literary work through a very deconstructive process of meaning. Because in essence, postmodernism has never really been separated from modernism which tends to be objective. If al-Amidi is more inclined to criticism of poetry, then postmodernist literature is more visible in literary works in the form of prose, such as short stories and novels.</p>

<p>A leader is someone who is elected by the community for the common good. The concept of a leader includes not only those who hold positions in the government system, but also religious leaders.. This study aims to describe the ideal leader in Najib Kailani's <em>An-Nida@ul Kha@lid</em> novel by using Michael Riffaterre's semiotics as an analytical tool. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis by describing the data in accordance with what it is then followed by analysis. The data collection technique is using listening and note-taking techniques. The results of this study state that the concept of an ideal leader must comply with three things, namely: 1) The leader must be wise making decisions, 2) the leader must defend the interests and unite the people, and 3) the leader must accommodate the aspirations of the people. While, the matrix in the text is the concept of an ideal leader who has a model of nurturing and embracing the community, and a variant in the form of a text related to ideal leadership. The potential hypogram found in the text is the same as the matrix, namely the concept of an ideal leader, while the actual hypogram, departs from the true story experienced by the author, where he grew and developed along with the outbreak of World War II, then in 1958-19865 went in and out of prison, and In 1982, the novel An-Nidaul Khalid was published.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Ideal Leader Concept, Semiotic, Riffaterre, Novel, Najib Kailani<em></em></p><p><em> </em></p>

Research on works that adopt the stories contained in the Al-Qur'an, needs to be examined to find out the originality of the story or the creativity of the authors that are contained in the works. Among the works that adopt the text of the Qur'an are the work entitled Qishashun-Nabiyyīn lil-Athfāl by Abi Al-Hasan Ali al-Hasan an-Nadwiy (2017) and the work Kalam-Qu: The stories in Al- The Qur'an by Jamal Qasim (2018). Both of these works are intended for children. This is the reason these two works are studied. The problem in this study is how the intertextual relationship between the two texts. Intertextual theory is used to study these problems. Thus, the aim of this study is to find and describe the intertextual relationship between the two works. The results of the research show that the transformation text follows the hypogram text. Apart from that, there are also differences between the stories contained in the two works. This happens because the author's or creator's purpose is to show his expertise in making works that are interesting and interesting to the readers.

<p>This study discusses the exotic Arabic inscriptions on kamardikan kris based on sociopragmatic studies. This research is interesting to do because not all kamardikan kris found Arabic inscriptions. The existence of Arabic inscriptions on the kamardikan kris is interesting to study from the type of Arabic script and also the intention of the owners to collect the kris. The method used in this study is the method of providing data, the method of analyzing data, and the method of presenting the results of data analysis. Based on an analysis of the types of Arabic script on the kamardikan keris it is concluded that Arabic writings on the kamardikan kris use one type of writing, namely naskhī writing and diwānī writing and some use a combination of several types of writing, namely (a) naskhi and diwāni writing, (b) Naskhī, Țugrā, and Śuluśi writing, (c) Naskhī, Țugrā, and Raihanī writing, (d) naskhī and Diwanī Jalī writing, and (e) writing the tattoo. Based on sociopragmatic studies, the Arabic inscriptions on the kamardikan kris have (a) aesthetic, (b) symbolic, (c) safety, and (d) success functions.</p>

<p>This study aims to describe the contrastive analysis of translational dialogue in the novel "Terrorist" between the results of the English-Indonesian and English-Arabic translations, and to describe the efforts of translators in localizing the values of tawassuth reflected in variations of such dialogue translation. The main data source of the research is the novel "Terrorist" by John Updike along with its translation into Indonesian by Abdul Malik and into Arabic by Ahmed el-Syaimy. The study was designed through descriptive-qualitative methods. Data collection uses purposive sampling where the results were discussed through contrastive analysis methods. The results showed that there were three main causes for the similarity of the tawassuth values localization in the translation results. First, the level of availability of formal and dynamic equivalents. Secondly, translators' efforts in overcoming linguistic insufficiency. Third, translators' appreciation of certain expressions or terms.</p>

<p>The water and the fish have different meanings because of a lingual difference, literary, and cultural code that bounds them. This paper aims to discover these meanings and uses to realize this aim convenient theories and methods that are semiotic. The semiotic theories are all studies that examine all of the communication forms using the codes based on lingual, literary, and cultural codes. This semiotic framework consists of two principal elements namely signifier and signified. The method used to solve this problem is by heuristic and hermeneutic reading conducted simultaneously. The result of this paper reveals that the term of water indicates the following several meanings: the source of very vital life, the pure heart, the patience and power of the marginalized populaces, and flowing naturally down forever, and that the term of fish signifies the meanings of very high protein’s source needed by the body of human, entertaining the heart, and a symbol of a perfect person wishing to meet The God.</p>

This article discusses phonetic thoughts of Ibnu Jinni, scientist who became a <br />central figure in the development of Arabic phonetics. His work named Sirru Shinâ‟atil I‟râb<br /><br />is the first phonetic book in Arabic. He also called this science with terminology<br />„Ilmul-Ashwât which is still used by Arabic scientist until now. These features are behind<br />the writing of this article. This article to describe Ibnu Jinni curriculum vitae, the book<br />Sirru Shinâ‟atil-I‟râb, and phonetic thoughts of Ibnu Jinni and his contribution in Arabic<br />phonetic progress The conclusion is that Ibnu Jinni has given big contribution in Arabic<br />phonetic progress. The most important thing is his research about vowel. There are so<br />many vowel studied and be the main reference for the next study.

This paper describes the brief history of Humour in Arabs from (1) the earlier preIslamic period, (2) the Islamic period, (3) the medieval Arabic Literature (Abbasid), and (4) Mamaluke, Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Ottoman periods. This paper will try to show that<br />Arabic literature is rife with the unique taste of Arabs in humour and comedy. Finally, the result of data analysis shows that humour in the earlier pre-Islamic period and the Islamic period is used dominantly at satirical poem which is called hija‟. But in the medieval period until Ottoman period, Arabic humour and comedy has been spreading to the modern prose, shuch as romantic novel, elegant style of fable, public theater – shadow play and some of elegiac short stories.

Based on the above, the issues examined in this study is the locution of speech acts,<br />illocution and perlocution in a Friday khotbah by Egyptian native speakers Syeikh Sa‘i>d<br />Ruslan with the theme Baina As}-S}u>rah wa Al-H}aqi>qah’ between picture and reality, on<br />April 25, 2008 in mosque Syarqi> in Manu>fiyyah province, Subkh Ah}ad, Marka>z Asymu>n <br />village, Cairo, Mesir with a pragmatic analysis. The data are sentences containing<br />locution, illocution and perlocution. The result of analysis shows that speaker of Friday <br />khotbah (khat}i>b) not only use one speech act, but also use some speech acts, that is<br />locution speech act, illocution speech act and perlocution speech act. Locution speech act<br />is the most widely used in Friday khotbah, because it is only used to declare or inform<br />something. In first and second khotbah, the data of locution speech act is found in<br />opening, content and closing. The data of illocution speech act is found in opening and<br />content, while perlocution speech act is found in closing. Illocution speech act includes<br />Follow-illocutionary in the data message includes assertive (strengthen), directive<br />(prohibiting, commanding), expressive (praise), declaration (testimony), commissive<br />(swear).