Schools still face significant challenges in their learning activities, which are impacted by a number of variables, necessitating coaching and supervision. Supervisors, who might be school heads, senior instructors, or school supervisors, are responsible for overseeing and guiding learning in schools. Finding out the methods used by supervisors in classroom instruction is the aim of this study. This study chose 17 articles which were produced using the systematic literature review study methodology, which employed analysis methodologies during the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion phases. The study's findings show that supervisors can improve the learning process in schools by building a harmonious relationship between supervisors and teachers, making supervision plans, preparing supervision instruments, establishing supervision techniques, carrying out supervision completely, and creating a forum for teacher development activities.

The aim of this research is to produce a minimum competency assessment instrument (MCA) on thermochemical material that meets the test criteria that is suitable for measuring students' reading literacy and numeracy in terms of validity, reliability, level of difficulty and distinguishing power. The research design used is a development and validation design. The participants involved in this research were high school students at one of the high schools in Bandung City as respondents and validators consisting of 3 lecturers and 2 teachers in their fields. The product resulting from this research is the MCA test instrument on thermochemical material which consists of 5 reading literacy questions and 15 numeracy questions. This test instrument was declared valid based on content validity and based on empirical validity, 16 questions were valid and 4 questions were invalid. The reliability test results showed that the reliability value for the objective questions was 0.73, while the reliability value for the description questions was 0.77 and both were declared reliable. The results of the MCA instrument competency level analysis show that students' reading literacy and numeracy competencies are included in the basic category and require special intervention with a refractive index of 1.53 and 1.00.

The PBL and PjBL models are student-centric learning models that are needed to improve student skills in the 21st century. This study aims to find out the differences between the PBL and PjBL models of critical thinking skills of students at SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe on material reaction speed. This research uses experimental methods with a type of Quasi Experimental Design. The sampling technique was carried out in a purposive way with a total sample of 72 students. The test results show no significant differences between PBL and PjBL models. The result of this test is sig (2-tailed) 0.162 > 0.05 H0 received and H1 rejected. In other words, there is no significant difference in critical thinking skills between students taught with the PjBL model and the PBL model

This research was conducted to identify problems in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subject in an elementary school. A total of two teachers at SD Negeri 9 Kuala Langsa were selected as research subjects with purposive sampling techniques. Both teachers have been implementing the Merdeka Curriculum since the 2022/2023 school year. This research is descriptive qualitative research with interview questions and observation sheets as research instruments. The interview questions were used to explore information related to the problems of implementing the Merdeka Curriculum faced by educators in IPAS subject. In addition, information related to the process of learning preparation, implementation, and assessment was obtained through observation of documents, learning activities, and the school environment. The results showed that teachers faced problems in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at the preparation, implementation, and assessment of learning stages. These problems can be overcome through regular meetings with teacher working groups, using effective learning strategies, and training on the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum.

Allah provides information about the fig plant in Surah At-Tin verse 1. The fig plant is a special plant that is specifically mentioned in the Quran and is widely used for human health such as preventing hypertension, maintaining heart health, and treating diabetes. The fig plant is a plant that has many chemically active compounds that are useful in medicine. This study aims to determine the content of the surah At-Tin verse 1 and identify the features of the fig plant from the perspective of plant phytochemicals. The results showed that Allah swore by the name of the fig plant in Surah At-Tin verse 1. This indicates that there are many blessings on the fig plant for human life. Phytochemical test results showed that the fig plant has chemical compounds that are beneficial to human health such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids, and saponins. These compounds act as anti-oxidants, function in the detoxification of toxins, prevent cancer, regulate the stability of the body's metabolism, and scavenge radicals that enter the body. The fig plant has a high economic value. The cultivation of fig plants is a good economic commodity for the welfare of society. Figs can be processed into products that sell well in the market.

Literacy and numeracy skills are cognitive learning outcomes measured in the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) and are part of the National Assessment (AN). This study aims to describe the literacy and numeracy achievement profile of junior high school students in terms of three aspects, namely content, cognitive processes, and context The descriptive quantitative approach method used in this research involved 141 class VIII junior high school students in North Aceh Regency and Lhokseumawe City through random sampling. Respondents are participants who took part in the 2021 National Assessment. The research instrument used was a question on literacy with 26 questions and numeracy with as many as 30 questions according to the grid and aspects of the AN that had been validated. The context of the questions is arranged in the form of personal, socio-cultural, and scientific. The distribution of the questions is in the form of 20% multiple-choice, 60% complex multiple-choice, 10% matching, 5% short answer or short answer, and 5% description. The results showedthe average percentage score of literacy ability was 43.87% with low criteria, meanwhile for numeracy skills, the average percentage score was 33.91% with very low criteria. These results indicate that students' literacy and numeracy skills in terms of each content need to be improved through the implementation of learning programs and the use of textbooks that lead to the improvement and development of literacy and numeracy skills.

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as the elephant trunk leaf which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. C. nutans can act as an antioxidant by reducing free radicals from the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the cell membrane. In this study, elephant trunk leaves will be studied regarding their content and antioxidant activity and their association with free radicals/Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are compounds that are highly reactive. ROS can cause damage to cell integrity and functional cell disruption. Free radical reduction prevents lipid oxidation, which then reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. By potentiating the antioxidant properties of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and reducing lipid peroxidation, C. nutans can reduce oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of elephant trunk leaf extract on malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in rats with high activity. The research method used was laboratory experimental research with a Randomized Posttest Only with Control Group Design. In this study, 25 male white rats of the Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups: normal, negative control, and treatment I, II, III which were given elephant trunk leaf extract at successive doses of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg BW ( Weight). and high activity for 14 days. MDA measurements using a spectrophotometer and SOD using calorimetry were carried out after 14 days. The results showed that elephant trunk leaf extract reduced MDA levels and increased SOD activity in the blood plasma of rats induced by high activity (P value <0.05).

Qur’an surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69 provide information about the nature of bees and their benefits for human life. Allah inspires bees to build nests and find food in trees, mountains, and places made by humans. This study aims to examine scientific information on bees in Surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69. The research method is library research. The results showed that bees in Surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69 produce honey, have a good life, have great teamwork, and give benefits to human life. Bee gives people good role models for human society, teamwork, and lifestyle. In science, bees produce pheromone chemical compounds that play a role in communication between bees in the colony. The pheromones produced by the queen bee can regulate the male bees and worker bees to be loyal to the queen bee and carry out their duties well. Qur’an Surah An-Nahl verses 68 and 69 give us information about the bee and honey. Allah gives a message to people to live like a bee to have a good social, good lifestyle, don’t destroy the environment, and give benefits to people like honey. Rasullullah advised us to consume honey for treatment. Honey functions as an antioxidant, anticancer, and energy source, healthy heart, control sugar level, and maintain a healthy body. Bee food is nectar, good nectar will produce high-quality honey. Chemical compounds that are often found in honey like glucose, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and glycoside.

Google sites can be used as an alternative interactive chemistry learning media, especially on salt hydrolysis material. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of google sites based on a contextual approach to salt hydrolysis material and to test the quality of the developed media. The research carried out is in the form of development research using a 4-D research model (define, design, develop, and disseminate), but is only limited to the develop. Assessment of product quality is carried out using a Likert obtained from the validator and student responses using a Guttman. The results of the assessment of product quality by material experts obtained a percentage of 88.63% in the Very Good category (VG), the assessment by media experts obtained a percentage of 92.5% in the Very Good category (VG), and the assessment by reviewers obtained a percentage of 90.47% in the form of the Very Good (VG) category and positive responses by students who obtained a percentage of 94% in the Very Good (VG) category. Based on the assessments of media experts, material experts, reviewers, and student responses, it can be concluded that the developed media can be used as an alternative medium for chemistry learning on salt hydrolysis material.

Remazol is a reactive dye that is widely used in the textile industry with functional groups that can be well covalently bonded to textile fibres, but difficult to decompose, carcinogenic, and harmful to the health and ecosystems. This study specifically aims to analyse the adsorption power of activated carbon on three types of Remazol dyes using batch experiment method as an effective way to reduce the concentration of these dyes in textile industry wastewater. Using activated carbon with the same treatment, Remazol Red dye had the best interaction and was adsorbed in the highest amount on the activated carbon surface (125.16 mg/g), followed by Remazol Blue (16.23 mg/g) and finally Remazol Black dye (11.07 mg/g). The three adsorption processes that occur are in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, with color removal percentage of 74.4 % (Remazol Red), 49.5 % (Remazol Blue), and 48.1 % (Remazol Black). These results are in accordance with the structural studies conducted on the three types of Remazol synthetic dyes, in which Remazol Black with the bulkiest structure has the weakest physical interaction with carbon atoms on the activated carbon surface thus absorbed in the least amount on the adsorbent surface.