A robust democracy requires freedom of speech and expression, fundamental rights protected by Pakistan's Constitution. However, these are not true and are limited to social and national interests. This article examines Pakistan's delicate balance between democracy and the rule of law to identify trends and issues. It highlights their significance for societal advancement, democratic government, and individual empowerment. Through due process, research data, and social impact, it examines current situations and suggests ways to improve while promoting responsible teaching. Research shows that healthy speech freedoms and relationships require balancing freedom and responsibility. Research is recommended on public awareness, access to justice, protection of minority rights, media ethics, and reduction of restrictions. Implications and future directions illustrate the changing nature of free disclosure, especially in the digital age. It requires policymakers, activists, and experts to examine new technologies, legal systems, leadership, media literacy, and emergencies. Kebebasan berbicara dan berekspresi adalah pilar penting dari demokrasi yang sehat dan diatur dalam Konstitusi Pakistan sebagai hak-hak fundamental. Meskipun perlindungan konstitusional ini ada, kebebasan-kebebasan ini sering kali dibatasi karena kekhawatiran terhadap kepentingan sosial dan nasional. Artikel ini membahas interaksi kompleks antara prinsip-prinsip demokrasi dan aturan hukum di Pakistan, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi tren dan tantangan utama terkait kebebasan berbicara dan berekspresi. Artikel ini mengkaji dampak kebebasan tersebut terhadap perkembangan masyarakat, pemerintahan demokratis, dan pemberdayaan individu, menekankan perannya yang krusial dalam mempromosikan masyarakat yang dinamis dan partisipatif. Melalui analisis menyeluruh terhadap situasi saat ini, termasuk kerangka hukum, data penelitian, dan dampak sosial, artikel ini memberikan wawasan mengenai kendala yang ada dan mengusulkan strategi perbaikan. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya mencapai keseimbangan antara kebebasan dan tanggung jawab, menganjurkan pendekatan yang bernuansa untuk memastikan bahwa kebebasan berbicara tidak merusak keharmonisan sosial atau keamanan nasional. Rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan kesadaran publik, perbaikan akses keadilan, perlindungan hak minoritas, peningkatan etika media, dan pengurangan pembatasan yang tidak semestinya terhadap kebebasan berbicara. Selain itu, artikel ini mengeksplorasi implikasi dari isu-isu ini dalam konteks era digital, di mana teknologi dan platform baru terus-menerus membentuk lanskap kebebasan berekspresi. Artikel ini menyerukan kepada pembuat kebijakan, aktivis, dan para ahli untuk menghadapi tantangan baru terkait kemajuan teknologi, reformasi hukum, kepemimpinan, dan literasi media. Perubahan sifat kebebasan berbicara dan berekspresi memerlukan perhatian terus-menerus untuk memastikan bahwa hak-hak ini dilindungi sambil mempromosikan diskursus yang bertanggung jawab dan konstruktif. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya pendekatan yang seimbang terhadap kebebasan berekspresi yang mendukung nilai-nilai demokrasi dan stabilitas sosial.

Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang menganalisis penerapan prinsip mengenal nasabah (know your customer) dalam praktik perbankan, hal ini sangat penting dilakukan untuk dapat mengidentifikasi transaksi yang mencurigakan sejak dini, dan meminimalkan berbagai risiko, seperti risiko operasional, risiko hukum, risiko transaksi terkonsentrasi, dan risiko reputasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris, dengan mengambil lokus di Bank BNI 46 Cabang Bima. Temuan baru yang ditemukan dari penelitian ini adalah pelanggaran terhadap prinsip kerahasiaan di mana bank diizinkan untuk mengetahui identitas nasabah terkait dengan profil dan karakter transaksi nasabah. Hasil dan pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa Bank BNI 46 Cabang Bima menerapkan Prinsip know your customer. Aturan Know Your Customer sebagaimana tercantum dalam PBI Nomor 3/10/PBI/2001 yang kemudian diubah oleh Bank Indonesia Mengenai Penerapan Prinsip dengan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 5/21/PBI/2003 Mengenai Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 3/10/PBI/2001 tentang Penerapan Prinsip Kenal Nasabah. Dalam menerapkan prinsip mengenal nasabah, bank dapat mencurigai transaksi yang diduga berasal dari hasil kejahatan, seperti penyelundupan uang, suap, tindak pidana korupsi, penyelundupan tenaga kerja, dan kejahatan perbankan. Selain itu, transaksi keuangan yang menyimpang dari profil, karakteristik, atau kebiasaan pola transaksi nasabah perusahaan juga patut dicurigai. Kesimpulannya, prinsip mengenal nasabah (know your customer principle) adalah salah satu prinsip penting dalam dunia perbankan dan keuangan, yang telah diimplementasikan oleh Bank BNI 46 Cabang Bima mengacu pada kebijakan dan prosedur yang diterapkan oleh lembaga keuangan untuk memastikan identitas dan karakteristik nasabah sebelum memberikan layanan keuangan kepada mereka. Namun, hal ini justru bertentangan dengan tradisi kerahasiaan antara bank dan nasabahnya, yang menjadi pilar utama membangun hubungan kepercayaan antara bank dan nasabahnya. This article is a legal research that analyzes the application of the principles get to know customers (know your customer ) in banking practice, this is very important to do to be able to identify transactions early suspicious, and minimize various risks, such as operational risk, legal risk, risk of concentrated transactions, and reputation risk. The method used in this research is an empirical legal research method, by taking the locus at BNI 46 Bima branch. novelty What is found from this research is a violation of the principle of confidentiality where the bank is allowed to know the identity of the customer related to the profile and the character of the Customer's transaction. The results and discussion show that BNI has 46 Bima branches apply Know Your Customer Principles. Know Your Customer Rules as set forth in PBI Number 3/10/PBI/2001 which was later amended by Bank Indonesia Concerning Application of Principles with Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 5/21/PBI/2003 Concerning the Second Amendment to Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 3/10/PBI/ 2001 concerning Application of Know Your Customer Principles . In implementing the principle of knowing your customer, banks can suspect transactions that are suspected of originating from the proceeds of crime, for example money smuggled, bribery, corruption crimes, labor smuggling, banking crimes. In addition, financial transactions that deviate from the profiles, characteristics or habits of the company's customer transaction patterns are also suspect. In conclusion, the principle of knowing your customer (know your customer principle) is one of the important principles in the world of banking and finance, which has been implemented by Bank BNI 46 Bima Branch referring to the policies and procedures implemented by financial institutions to ensure the correct identity and characteristics of their customers before provide financial services to them. However, this is precisely the opposite of the tradition of secrecy between the bank and its customers, which is the main pillar for building a trusting relationship between the bank and its customers.

Pembadanan nilai dengan metode asli masyarakat adat menampakan nilai bukan hanya terlihat namun juga terasa yang berbeda dengan pembadanan nilai dengan metode negara yang justru nilai asli mengalami reduksi. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis pembadanan nilai ’krik slamat’ pada penguasaan hak atas tanah adat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian nondoktrinal dengan pendekatan antropologi hukum dan pendekatan konseptual. Artikel ini menunjukan 1) Nilai krik slamat merupakan asas hukum berdimensi ketuhanan ‘religio magis’ menjadi pijakan dasar pembentukan hukum adat (pulung), 2) Pembadanan nilai ‘krik slamat’ ke dalam hukum adat dilakukan dengan metode ‘pera telu’ yang wujudnya nilai tersebut tetap tampak dan terasa di dalam asas hukum dan norma hukum adat terkait penguasaan hak atas tanah adat. The integration of values through the original methods of indigenous communities not only presents values that are visibly distinct but also felt differently compared to the integration of values through state methods, which may result in a reduction of the original values. This article aims to analyze the integration of 'krik slamat' values in the exercise of rights over customary land. The research method employed is a non-doctrinal research method with an anthropological legal approach and a conceptual approach. The article demonstrates that 1) 'Krik slamat' values are a legal principle with a dimension of divinity ('religio magis') serving as the foundational basis for the formation of customary law ('pulung'), and 2) The integration of 'krik slamat' values into customary law is carried out through the 'pera telu' method, ensuring that these values remain visible and palpable within the legal principles and norms of customary law related to the exercise of rights over customary land.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kebijakan Perum Perhutani KPH Saradan dalam mengadopsi kebijakan Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) sebagai kebijakan kehutanan dengan pendekatan baru, yaitu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar hutan dan sekaligus melestarikan hutan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-doktrinal dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu sesuatu dilihat dari sudut pandang orang yang diteliti (informan). Lokasi penelitian berada di wilayah kerja Perum Perhutani KPH Saradan. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara dengan responden yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling dan dianalisis dengan analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan diskusi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan PHBM memiliki tujuh tujuan, yaitu: perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan yang lebih fleksibel, peningkatan tanggung jawab Perum Perhutani (KPH Saradan) terhadap keberlanjutan fungsi dan manfaat hutan, peningkatan peran dan akses masyarakat desa hutan (MDH) dan pemangku kepentingan pengelolaan SDH, penyesuaian PHBM dengan pembangunan daerah, peningkatan sinergi dengan Pemerintah, peningkatan usaha produktif sehingga masyarakat mandiri dan mendukung peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Implementasi kebijakan PHBM dalam konsepnya adalah pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat, yaitu prinsip kerjasama, pengelolaan bersama, dan tanggung jawab bersama. Kebijakan dengan pendekatan kesejahteraan ini juga mengambil jalur kesediaan untuk berbagi hasil hutan kayu dan non-kayu dengan masyarakat Desa Hutan (MDH) yang sebelumnya telah dilakukan dan memiliki konsep pertanian di area hutan sehingga hutan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kesejahteraan tanpa menyebabkan kerusakan hutan. Kata Kunci: Kehutanan, Kebijakan, Saradan, Kesejahteraan This study aims to examine the policies of Perum Perhutani KPH Saradan adopting the Community Forest Management (PHBM) policy as a forestry policy with a new approach, namely increasing the welfare of the people living around the forest and preserving forests on the other hand. This research is a non-doctrinal research with a qualitative approach, that is, something is seen from the point of view of the person being studied (informant). The research location is in the working area of Perum Perhutani KPH Saradan. The type of data in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from interviews with respondents from sampled with the purposive sampling method and analyzed with qualitative analysis. BerdaBased on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that the PHBM policy has seven objectives, namely: more flexible planning and implementation of activities, increasing the responsibility of Perum Perhutani (KPH Saradan) for the sustainability of forest functions and benefits, increasing the role and access of forest village communities (MDH) and stakeholders. holders of SDH management, aligning PHBM with regional development, increasing synergy with the Government, increasing productive businesses so that the community is self-sufficient and supporting the improvement of the human development index (IPM). The implementation of the PHBM policy in its concept is community forestry, namely the principles of co-operation, co-management and co-responsibility. The policy with this welfare approach also takes the path of willingness to share timber and non-timber forest products with the Forest Village (MDH) community which was carried out previously and has the concept of agriculture in forest areas so that forests can be utilized for welfare without causing forest damage. Keywords: Forestry, Policy, Saradan, Welfare.

As time goes by, there are increased cases of child neglect due to parents who want to run away from the burden of their responsibility to care for their children. Legal protection policies for abandoned children that have been applied so far tend to only add to their shortcomings without paying attention to the wider impact. This is because laws that are supposed to protect the basic rights of abandoned children are struggling with their own problems. This research uses research methods with the approach technique used is Normative Juridical. The approach used is a conceptual approach and a statue approach using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Legal material analysis uses the nature of prescriptive analysis, which is to provide arguments for the results of research that has been done by providing prescriptions or judgments about right or wrong or what should be according to law against legal facts or events resulting from research. The results showed that the Constitution mandates the state to realize welfare as stated in the Articles in the Constitution. The function of the State in caring for abandoned children can be realized if the government as a policy maker and / or legislation must take sides and pay attention to various problems of abandoned children in Indonesia. The responsibility of the local government of Karawang Regency from the juridical aspect towards abandoned children relates to Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Social Welfare, which is carried out in two ways or steps, Coaching, and Advanced Development. The Karawang Regency Social Office collaborated with other elements

Fraud in online trading is a crime that is difficult to enforce the law. Fraud can be committed by sellers by counterfeiting their products or by driving transactions outside of e-commerce. Meanwhile, fraud committed by buyers is carried out by falsifying identities and fake orders. The efforts have been made to threaten the perpetrators with criminal noose but have not reduced the number of frauds that occur. This research was conducted using normative research that looked at fraudulent behavior and related it to the legal provisions in the ITE Law and in the Personal Data Protection Law. The research found that the need for authentication as a marker for sellers and buyers when interacting on the internet so that fraud can be minimized because the identity of the perpetrator can be identified easily with the authentication method. So that the perpetrator's track record can be easily detected and this prevents the perpetrator from committing fraud.

Along with the development of the era of human life, the birth rate of children is increasing rapidly. Children as creatures of God Almighty have the right to life and independence and to protection from parents, families, communities, and the state. The rapid development and increase in human civilization have an impact on the higher life of fulfilling services. In this case, the orphanage acts as a social welfare institution that has the responsibility of providing services to neglected children, as well as providing substitute services or child care in fulfilling their needs. Where this supports the birth of a child care agreement. One example is the child care agreement at the Aisyiyah Women's Orphanage Grogol Sukoharjo. The purpose of this study was to determine the form and content of the child care agreement at the Aisyiyah Grogol Sukoharjo Orphanage and to determine the legal relationship in the child care agreement at the Aisyiyah Grogol Sukoharjo Orphanage. The method used in this research is normative juridical method. The results showed that the form of the child care agreement at Aisyiyah Grogol Sukoharjo Orphanage is a written agreement and the contents of the agreement are also in accordance with Article 1338 of the Civil Code regarding the principle of freedom of contract and also in accordance with Article 1320 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code regarding the principle of consensualism. Furthermore, the legal relationship in this agreement is in accordance with Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code regarding the principle of pacta sun servanda, in accordance with Article 1338 paragraph (2) and (3) of the Civil Code, and the rights and obligations arising in the agreement are in accordance with Law Number 4 of 1979 concerning Child Welfare and also QS Al Anam verse 151, Al Baqarah verse 233, At Tahrim verse 6.

The situation in the Middle East is complicated by the need for Turkey to formulate a new military and political strategy . Relations between the Kurds and Turkey since the collapse of the Ottoman caliphate have been strained by the Kurds' desire for autonomous power. Until now, Kurds are still struggling to gain this legitimacy and are transforming into radical and separatist groups. Turkey under Erdogan's leadership underwent political reform from secular to democratic Islam. This includes changing Turkey's strategy to deal with Kurdish militias in Syria because Kurdish militias in Syria are considered dangerous by forming the PKK. The PKK occupies Syria's border with Turkey, so Erdogan devised a special military and political- strategic framework to stem the power of Kurdish militias. Since Turkey was ruled by Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's foreign policy has used the concept of "strategic depth" which is essential "zero problems with neighbors". Turkey in the Erdogan era tries to represent a modern and Muslim country that encourages democracy and social justice. This affected the perspective and strategy of Turkey being used to paralyze the Kurds. In the political strategy, Turkey conducts relations with various state and non-state actors to be able to exert influence at the international level. This research aims to know how Erdogan’s foreign policy against Kurd in Syria. This research method is using normative legal research with data analyzing using case approach. This research will explain on; a) The conflict between Turkey and Kurds, b) Characteristics of Erdogan's Government, c) Turkey's Involvement in the Syrian Conflict. This research finding will be the discussion analysis on Turkey's Military and Political Strategy against Kurds in Syria and Implications of Military and Political Strategy.

This paper aims to answer the question “Is democracy in conflict with Islam?” This paper also discusses the values contained in democracy. This paper uses a normative legal research method that is descriptive and analytic to describe the implementation of government systems and political systems in Islam. Then analyze it with democratic values as a system of government and a political system. The research results obtained a brief description of democracy as a political system and government system in the era of the Prophet and the era of Khulafaturrasyidin to determine the democratic values contained. In the end, this paper is one of the answers to the discourse that has been a growing polemic between democracy and Islam.

Authority in resolving disputes regarding the results of general elections is the authority of the constitutional court granted by the constitution. While the authority in resolving violations is structured, systematic and massive is the authority of the electoral supervisory body granted by law. In the dispute over the results of the general election, which was decided by the constitutional court, the constitutional court did not have the authority to test the petition filed on the basis of a structured, systematic and massive violation because the constitutional court only based on the dispute over the results as intended in its authority. The court verdict has been in accordance with the authority held according to the original instruction given by the constitution, which wants the implementation of elections that are sovereign and carried out on a direct, public, free, confidential, honest and fair basis.