There are studies and applications that have argued that trust, as a phenomenon, exceeds the interpersonal limit, it leaving its mark both at the organizational level and at the socio-economic level. Thus, trust becomes an important aspect for leading organizations and not only. The present research aims to analyse the relationship between organizational trust and all formal and informal networks / relationships from business organizations in North-eastern Romania. The research aimed to identify whether there is a strong link between the promotion of formal relationships by management and a high level of trust and the development of informal relationships. For this research we used a descriptive, empirical-analytical methodology. The data obtained from the interpretation of the questionnaire, at the level of the companies included in our sample showed that there is a strong link between formal relationships and networks (such as internal relationships to a company and which are given by organization chart, internal rules and various regulations) and relations and informal networks (in which case we are talking about informal relationships that double the internal organization chart of a company) and the degree of trust. The strong connection is demonstrated by the coefficients obtained (ρ (128) = 0.430 - demonstrating the high correlation between formal and informal relations, respectively ρ (128) = 0.407 - demonstrating the high correlation between formal relations and the degree of trust). This means that a more precise delimitation of formal working groups stimulates the creation of a climate of trust between compartments / departments / groups. If the organizational climate in the company allows the development of personal relationships, there is a certain level of trust between employees. Moreover, we have identified the fact that at the level of the companies included in our sample there is a greater or lesser concern of the decision makers from these companies in the development and operation of informal networks / groups; we must mention that this concern is different by activity sectors / companies.

Modern challenges require improving the system of youth physical education and providing young people with a wide choice of physical activities. The article deals with the practical provisions for improving the system of physical education designed for young males. The study is based on both systems theory and a synergy approach. It also reveals that certain physical qualities and body functions possess a significant correlation. Therefore, a targeted influence on dominating qualities may indirectly improve associated qualities. The authors propose a method for individualizing training in young males taking into account the correlations existing between physical and functional preparedness and paying special attention to the most developed physical qualities. The experimental group practiced physical education incompliance with basic principles of a PE academic program and extra-curriculum activities making a special emphasis on certain physical activities and the most developed physical qualities. The following activities were proposed to young males: “Team sports”, “Track-and-field athletics”,“Fitness aerobics”, “Sambo”. The study justifies the effectiveness of the PE programs developed in compliance with the correlations between physical qualities and body functions. The authors registered a significant improvement in flexibility, coordination, strength endurance, and speed-strength qualities in the experimental group during a 9-month experiment.

One of the peculiarities of the physical education and sports education in Romania is the existence of the sportive sports education: Sports High Schools (which have classes beginning with the gymnasium cycle), sports classes (grades I-XII) in different schools (in particular in the theoretical schools) and the additional sports education represented by the Scholar Sports Clubs (CSS) and the Children's Palace (PC). The statistical analysis, carried out as a result of attempts to optimize the education of physical education and sports, has highlighted the fact that the most practiced sports are athletics (in all counties - 42), football (41), handball (41) followed by volleyball (34) and basketball (31). Having a very large area of ​​distribution, we could call them national sports although national and international results are far from justifying the large amounts of money allocated. But here's a list of funded sports and "exotic" sports such as yachting and softball, baseball, hockey on the grass, ski jumping. The last centralization requested by the Ministry of National Education (2015) resulted in a number of 70,102 sports students enrolled in both LPS and CSS. These students are enrolled in 2345 norms supported by 1937 titular teachers with specific specialty. Although the number of athletes may seem high, it represents 2.19% of the total number of pupils in Romania (about 3.2 million).

The present paper aims at detecting the means that can lead to an increase in the efficiency of teaching football in school, in all its aspects. Using the most effective methods for teaching football in physical education classes becomes a priority, and innovations in this field are welcomed as, in this practical way, an improvement of the methodology and especially an improvement of the training content can be achieved. This paper is meant to identify the means that can lead to an optimisation of football teaching in school, under all its aspects. Using the most effective methods in teaching football becomes a priority and innovations in this field are welcome, as an improvement of the methodology may be achieved and particularly an improvement of the educational content. The purpose of the research has been to test, during a school year, in the physical education classes, the football-specific methods and means. By using these to a high degree during the physical education classes, an optimisation of the educational process may be achieved, thus acquisition of technical and tactical contents of the football game at this age. The experiment which took place during an entire school year demonstrated by its results that for the grades where football-specific means were predominanly used , carefully selected and applied methodically, in accordance with the students' morphological and functional abilities, progress was achieved on all levels: anthropometric, motor, technical and tactical, qualitativelly as well as quantitatively.  

The need for professional development is a gap that could be bridged by a proper training that is meant to foster both demonstrated and expected competences of an individual or a group. Nowadays it is necessary to distinguish between the socially generated needs for professional development and the individually generated ones. Some of them include certain needs which are seemingly unrelated to professional competences, but which can influence the individual learning process: the need for self-training, the need to interact with other teachers, the need for leisure time, the need to study at a personal pace. It is obvious that a more thorough analysis is definitely required prior to courses in order to tailor them to each individual‘s professional development set of needs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a deeper and more realistic analysis of professional development needs, which can lead to a better insight into a more effective benchmarking of continuing professional training. The taxonomy featured in this paper is a tool that can be used by providers of continuing professional training to such an extent that they are enabled to optimise their course content and approach. Furthermore, this framework which relies on genuine professional needs empowers teachers to reflect on their own development priorities when they are supposed to select a suitable training programme provided by different educational suppliers.

The financial market is in a process of metamorphosis, the international crises being determining factors in the reconfiguration process. In addition, the stakeholders attitude reshapes the different components of the financial markets. Financial consumers have become a force that requires financial institutions to adopt honest and ethical behavior. Portfolio investors also sanction, by specific methods, the inappropriate behavior of companies towards the environment or local communities or encourage listed companies that carry out corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. The stock exchanges and the authorities that supervise and regulate the segments of the financial market are promoters of CSR, both through the power of the example and through specific programs. In this dynamic context, the article aims to carry out an analysis regarding the contribution of financial market actors on promoting the principles of sustainable development and the principles of Global Compact in national economies. The article focuses on the process of financial education in several European countries. The authors identified and analyzed five financial education platforms in selected European countries. The analysis of the statistical data reveals a low interest of financial consumers, especially from the countries from the former communist bloc.

Although the concept of circular is still very young, the need to slow down the consumption of resources is well known, from the moment the process of globalization began to take shape, in the early 1980s; thus, developed countries have taken many steps in the process of establishing public policies that anchor in a daily reality the concept of circular economy, thus ensuring its progress through a well-developed legislative system, economic instruments and fiscal measures. designed to create an optimal environment for economic growth and maximize the benefits of its implementation. This article aims to highlight the progress made in establishing public policies related to the circular - an integral part of the concept of sustainable development, thus following the process of transition from the so-called linear economy to a circular economy, which aims to optimizing resource consumption and harmonizing the long-term sustainable development needs of mankind. In this sense, the paper presents a review of existing policies at global, regional and local levels and their role on the transition to the new economy, the main objective being to identify policies that are transmissible, as well as an analysis of the evolution over time. them. At the same time, the aim is to outline a vision on the existing opportunities by: - Estimating the potential impact of policy-making by states that are in a more early stage in this transition process taking into account the similarity between states; - Mapping the benefits of policies already implemented in states with similar conditions; - Interconnectivity with other priorities of the legislative body (job creation, improving the quality of life of citizens, etc.)

Emotional intelligence is nowadays an essential attribute of any efficient manager who is concerned about achieving great results and being successful in his career and life. One can state, according to experts in the area, that success-oriented management begins with the manager’s inner life management, which is a difficult task. Before leading others, one must be able to analyze oneself, understand oneself and control one’s own feelings and emotions, also to empathize and develop constructive relationships in order to get oriented towards one’s goals and towards success. So that an institution should make progress, it is essential for the manager to create a working climate meant to provide the staff with a positive state, full of confidence and optimism, honesty and comfort. A successful manager is characterized by flexibility, adaptability to diverse situations and a positive mood, which enhances the employees’ achievements. Therefore, creating a healthy positive climate involves activating the components of both the manager’s and the employees’ emotional intelligence. Good self-knowledge helps managers organize themselves better, be more emphatic and coordinate their employees’ activity more efficiently towards professional performance, acting optimistically, enthusiastically, persuasively and firmly in order to achieve the objectives. They are motivated for reaching the highest results, for accomplishing their aims and thus they mobilize their positive emotions for this purpose. Developed emotional intelligence, with all its components, represents an asset, providing extra credibility and being at the same time a condition for a top manager who acts efficiently in a well-functioning organizational background.

The latest global financial and economic crisis has affected the insurance markets both in Bulgaria and Romania. In the period 2009-2012, the Bulgarian insurance market recorded a continuous decline. After 2012, however, the trend turned and the insurance companies working on the Bulgarian insurance market started to report growth in the realized premium income. To a certain extent, this is also applied to the Romanian insurance market. This study evaluates the place which insurance takes in the economies of Bulgaria and Romania in the post-crisis period (2012-2016). Special attention is paid to the main indicator, which characterize the development of the insurance markets, i.e. the premium income earned by insurance companies. The dynamics of two other indicators – insurance penetration and insurance density – have also been examined. The analyses and conclusions of the study are based on statistical information published in the Sigma Newsletter of the Swiss Re Institute for the period 2013-2017. This is the reason why insurers' premium income and insurance density indicator are presented in US dollars. This permits a correct comparison of the results obtained for Bulgaria and Romania with those showing the development of insurance in countries such as Russia and Turkey, which are also part of the European insurance market. The survey indicated that Bulgarian and Romanian insurance markets could still be identified as underdeveloped. The lag compared to the average European level is significant. This is especially true for Life insurance, which unlike our two countries, is the leading insurance industry for the economically leading European countries.

This paper provides a brief synthesis of competition as a progress factor of the business organization management implemented by the manager in order to achieve the objectives of the business organization in order to achieve profit.Regardless of the size of your business or organization, there will always be competition (higher or lower) that can be analysed in several ways.We will try to briefly address these paths.Firstly, competition can be seen in terms of the age of the business, i.e. a start-up or a company with market seniority.It is known that start-ups have countless weaknesses, mainly due to lack of recognition, managerial experience or domestic team welding, but they also have two strengths that should be exploited to the maximum.Secondly, a benefit that a new product has compared to another is that it can benefit from the customer's curiosity to test it.Curiosity, however, differs according to the risk of sacrificing its satisfaction.We live in a rather complicated world, so management cannot be simple.Management cannot provide valid universal keys, but they are good proven practices in other successful companies.