Conventional spinning is one of the oldest processes used widely in manufacturing to obtain cup shape products. Conventional spinning is the technique that produce axisymmetric part or component over rotating mandrel with the help of rigid tool known as rollers. The shape of roller is very important parameter for the success of the spinning process. This paper datils about using ball shaped rollers as forming tool in conventional spinning process experimentally. The experimental work was carried out on the center lathe machine as forming machine, the spinning tool or spinning rollers was installed on a dynamometer replaced the tool post while the mandrel was mounted on the lathe chuck. The spinning tool in this work consists of three rollers performing the conventional spinning. The set of rollers is mounted on jaws of lathe chuck which working as a holder for the spinning tool parts. The experimental work was conducted in order to test the proposed tool and investigate the influence of the main conventional spinning parameters (mandrel rotational speed, axial feed and blank diameter or spinning ratio) on the process forming load and the product quality. The response of the product quality and required load to process parameters such as rotational speed (76,150, 230 and 305 rpm), axial feed (0.08, 0.15,0.3, and 0.6 mm/rev) also examined new rollers in different mandrel diameters 45, 60 and 80 mm. The experimental results showed that, the suggested tool acquired a spinning ratio of 2.17 which is about 35% greater than the announced conventional spinning ratio of 1.6 without any addition to the tool just using the suggested Ball shaped roller arrangement. the mandrel rotational speed, and axial feed rate are the most pronounced parameters, which have great effects on the forming loads during the spinning process.

Jakub Jopek, Marek GĂłral, Barbara Koscielniak, Kamil Ochal, Marcin Drajewicz, Magdalena Mokrzycka, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Kamil Dychton, Kamil Gancarczyk, Andrzej Gradzik, Pawel Kwasniewski, Wojciech Gluchowski

In order to quickly measure the straightness parameters of the deep hole/blind hole axis, a robot for measuring the straightness of the deep hole/blind hole axis based on the photoelectric prin-ciple is designed. Using the linearity of the laser as a reference, the straightness of the inner hole can be detected through the function that the PSD sensor can accurately locate the position of the energy center of the light. By studying the relationship between the position of the light spot and the output voltage of the PSD device, the measurement model of the straightness of the deep hole axis is derived. During the measurement, the robot spiral driving mechanism moves back and forth inside the deep/blind hole, and the automatic centering mechanism realizes the precise positioning of the deep/blind hole axis. The laser fixed on the axis of the automatic centering mechanism can illuminate the PSD target to obtain the current position data of the deep/blind hole axis. Use the least square median method to eliminate the gross error of the obtained data, and the least square principle fitting can obtain the measurement results of the current axis straightness. In order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the measuring robot is calibrated by a standard ring gauge and used for the age of the pipe with an inner diameter of 135mm to obtain an error accuracy of less than 0.05 mm for the axis.

According to the application requirements of SOC in lithium batteries of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), an Extended Kalman filter-Double Kalman filter (EKF-DKF) composite model was proposed to optimize the accuracy of the last 20% stage of State of Charge(SOC) estimation. Based on the equivalent model of second-order resistance-capacitance (RC) circuit improvement, the developed method optimized the identification accuracy of parameters, and set up a MATLAB simulation platform to jointly estimate SOC online with EKF and DKF. The data obtained in laboratory test environment were used for simulation.

The subject of research is the kinematic parameters of a biplanetary mechanism of the intermitted mixing machines. The article substantiates analytical expressions for determining the kinematic parameters of the drives of the working body of the intermitted mixing machines with planetary ones with double satellites and biplanetary mechanisms; the laws of change of displacements, velocities and accelerations of the points of the working body for drives with planetary one with double satellites and biplanetary mechanisms are determined; the regularities of the influence of the velocity parameters of the driving links on the kinematic characteristics of these mechanisms are established.

The article deals with the analysis of the structure and fracture surface of aluminum alloy samples. Alu-minum alloy AlMg9 was used as an experimental material. The material from which the samples were made was supplied as cast without heat treatment, and specifically the material was produced by the continuous casting method. The structure of the test material was examined using a Neophot 32 optical microscope, and the fracture surface of the test sample was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fatigue life of the aluminum alloy was tested by three-point bending cyclic loading using the parameters - frequency f = 100 Hz, temperature T = 22 ± 5 ℃ and stress ratio R = 0.11. The analysis showed that cast aluminum alloys are very sensitive to casting defects, such as porosity or the content and distribution of intermetallic phases. If large pores or phases are present on or near the surface of the sample, this can be the dominant cause of fatigue crack initiation and reduction of the fatigue lifetime.

This paper provides an overview of the commonly used processes and equipment for laser cladding, including pre-set powder feeding, simultaneous powder feeding, wire feeding cladding, and coaxial cladding nozzles. By comparing the above processes and related nozzles, the coating characteristics are summarized for the selection of appropriate methods and equipment in different working environments. Meanwhile, the morphology and properties of the clad layers of shaft parts processed with different process parameters (e.g. laser power, scanning speed, lap rate, powder feed rate) and the influence of the combined parameters are overviewed. The changes and mechanisms of metals, ceramics, and metal-ceramic composites in terms of hardness, wear resistance, metallurgical bonding, and microstructure are analyzed. In addition, the application of numerical simulation techniques to simulate the temperature and stress fields and to plan the melting trajectory when laser cladding processing is performed on the surface of shaft parts are reviewed. Finally, the problems in the current research on laser cladding of shaft parts are summarized and the development directions are discussed.